1、 Recommendation ITU-R F.699-8 (01/2018) Reference radiation patterns for fixed wireless system antennas for use in coordination studies and interference assessment in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 86 GHz F Series Fixed service ii Rec. ITU-R F.699-8 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication S
2、ector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and poli
3、cy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/I
4、EC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC a
5、nd the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadca
6、sting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-sat
7、ellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication
8、Geneva, 2018 ITU 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R F.699-8 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R F.699-8* Reference radiation patterns for fixed wireless system antennas for use in coordination studies and
9、 interference assessment in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 86 GHz (Question ITU-R 110-3/5) (1990-1992-1994-1995-1997-2000-2004-2006-2018) Scope This Recommendation provides reference radiation patterns for, and information on, fixed wireless system antennas in the frequency range from 100 MHz t
10、o 86 GHz. This information may be used in coordination studies and interference assessments when particular information concerning the fixed wireless system (FWS) antenna is not available. Keywords Fixed service, antenna, reference radiation pattern, azimuth and elevation beamwidths, side-lobe envel
11、ope, cross polarization, frequency sharing Abbreviations/Glossary wave length Off-axis angle (mainly in azimuth) Off-axis angle (mainly in elevation) D Diameter FSS Fixed satellite service FWS Fixed wireless system G Antenna gain H Horizontal P-P Point to point V Vertical VV Vertical Vertical co-pol
12、arization Related ITU Recommendations Recommendation ITU-R F.1245 Mathematical model of average and related radiation patterns for line-of-sight point-to-point fixed wireless system antennas for use in certain coordination studies and interference assessment in the frequency range from 1 GHz to abou
13、t 70 GHz Recommendation ITU-R F.1336 Reference radiation patterns of omnidirectional, sectoral and other antennas for the fixed and mobile service for use in sharing studies in the frequency range from 400 MHz to about 70 GHz * This Recommendation should be brought to the attention of Radiocommunica
14、tion Study Groups 4, 6 and 7. 2 Rec. ITU-R F.699-8 The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that, for coordination studies and for the assessment of mutual interference between fixed wireless systems (FWS) and between stations of such systems and earth stations of space radiocommunication
15、 services and other radiocommunication services sharing the same frequency band, it may be necessary to use reference radiation patterns for FWS antennas; b) that, for the above studies, radiation patterns based on the level exceeded by a small percentage of the side-lobe peaks may be appropriate; c
16、) that the side-lobe patterns of antennas of different sizes are strongly influenced by the ratio of the antenna diameter to the operating wavelength; d) that the antenna gain may be estimated by the ratio of the antenna diameter to the operating wavelength; e) that in cases where only the maximum a
17、ntenna gain is known, the ratio between the antenna diameter and the wavelength (D/) may be estimated for antennas with circular symmetry; f) that reference radiation patterns are required for the case where information concerning the antenna diameter is not available; g) that, at large angles, the
18、likelihood of local ground reflections must be considered; h) that the use of antennas with the best available radiation patterns will lead to the most efficient use of the radio-frequency spectrum, recommends 1 that, in the absence of particular information concerning the radiation pattern of the F
19、WS antenna involved (see Note 1), the reference radiation pattern as stated below should be used for: 1.1 interference assessment between FWS; 1.2 coordination studies and interference assessment between FWS stations and stations in space radiocommunication and other services sharing the same freque
20、ncy band; 2 that the following reference radiation pattern should be adopted for frequencies in the range 100 MHz to 86 GHz; 2.1 in cases where the ratio between the antenna diameter and the wavelength is greater than 100, the following equations should be used (see Notes 6 and 7): 2.1.1 for frequen
21、cies in the range 1 GHz to 70 GHz 23105.2)( DGG m a xfor 0 m 1)( GG for m r lo g2532)(G for r 48 10)( G for 48 180 2.1.2 for frequencies in the range 70 GHz to 86 GHz, 23105.2)( DGG m a xfor 0 m Rec. ITU-R F.699-8 3 1)( GG for m r lo g2532)(G for r 120 () = 20 for 120 180 where: G() : gain relative
22、to an isotropic antenna (dBi) off-axis angle (degrees) u n i t ss a m et h eine x p r e s s e dw a v e l e n g t h:d i a m e t e r a n t e n n a: DG1 : gain of the first side-lobe 2 15 log D (dBi) d e g r e e s20 1GGD m a xm d e g r e e s85.156.0 Dr 2.2 in cases where the ratio between the antenna d
23、iameter and the wavelength is less than or equal to 100, the following equations should be used (see Notes 6 and 7): 2.2.1 for frequencies in the range 1 GHz to 70 GHz 23105.2)( DGG m a xfor 0 m 1)( GG for m 100 D lo g25lo g1052)( DG for 100D 48 DG lo g1010)( for 48 180 2.2.2 for frequencies in the
24、range 70 GHz to 86 GHz, 23105.2)( DGG m a xfor 0 m 1)( GG for m 100 D for 100 120 for 120 180 lo g25lo g1052)( DG D( ) 10 log DG 4 Rec. ITU-R F.699-8 2.3 for frequencies in the range 100 MHz to less than 1 GHz, in cases where the ratio between the antenna diameter and the wavelength is greater than
25、0.63 (Gmax is greater than 3.7 dBi), the following equations should be used: 23105.2)( DGG m a xfor 0 m 1)( GG for m 100 D lo g25lo g1052)( DG for 100 D s DG lo g52)( for s 180 where: 2.05.144 Ds3 that in cases where only the maximum antenna gain is known, D/ (both D and expressed in the same unit)
26、may be estimated from the following expression (see Note 5): 7.7lo g20 m a xGD where Gmax is the main lobe antenna gain (dBi). Where only the ratio D/ is known, the maximum antenna gain may be estimated from the following expression: 2 0 lo g 7 .7m a x DG . Therefore, Gmax approximates 48 dBi for D/
27、=100; 4 that in cases where only the beamwidths of the antenna are known: 4.1 D/ (expressed in the same unit) may be estimated approximately by the following expression: /70/D where is the beamwidth (3 dB) (degrees); 4.2 given , Gmax may be estimated approximately by: lo g205.44)d B i(m a xG 5 that
28、the ITU-R membership submit measured radiation patterns or specifications to allow new and improved reference radiation patterns for use in coordination studies and interference assessment to be developed and proposed (see Appendix 1 of Annex 1); 6 that Annex 1 should be referred to for additional i
29、nformation concerning reference radiation patterns for FWS antennas; 7 that for the detailed calculation of interference levels on interference paths it is necessary to consider the cross-polar response of the victim and interfering system antennas; 7.1 that for the calculation in recommends 7, incl
30、uding the component of signal radiated on the intended polarity by the transmitting antenna and the co-polar response of the victim receive antenna Rec. ITU-R F.699-8 5 to the component of signal radiated on the unintended polarity by the transmitting antenna, the following equation may be used: 10
31、)()(10 )()( 1010l o g10)()( rrHttVrrVttH GGGGrrtt GG dBi where the following parameters refer to antenna gain (dBi): Gt(t): transmit antenna effective gain in the direction of the victim antenna Gr(r): receive antenna effective gain in the direction of the interfering antenna GtH(t): horizontally po
32、larized gain component of the transmit antenna GrV(r): vertically polarized gain component of the receive antenna GtV(t): vertically polarized gain component of the transmit antenna GrH(r): horizontally polarized gain component of the receive antenna. t and r : are the angles between the direction o
33、f main beam and direction towards victim and transmitting antenna respectively. Further information and numerical examples on using the equation above is given in Annex 2. 8 that the following Notes should be regarded as part of this Recommendation. NOTE 1 It is essential that every effort be made t
34、o utilize the actual antenna pattern in coordination studies and interference assessment. NOTE 2 It should be noted that the radiation pattern of an actual antenna may be worse than the reference radiation pattern over a certain range of angles (see Note 3). Therefore, the reference radiation patter
35、n in this Recommendation should not be interpreted as establishing the maximum limit for radiation patterns of existing or planned FWS antennas. Noting that for certification purpose, administrations may adopt standards, usually based on statistical measurements of real antennas, that may represent
36、different values for the side-lobe radiation pattern levels. NOTE 3 The reference radiation pattern should be used with caution over the range of angles for which the particular feed system may give rise to relatively high levels of spill-over. NOTE 4 The reference pattern in 2 is only applicable fo
37、r one polarization (horizontal or vertical). Reference patterns for two polarizations (horizontal and vertical) are under study. NOTE 5 The reference radiation pattern included in this Recommendation is only for antennas which are rotationally symmetrical. It can be applied also to square/polygonal
38、reflectors and flat panel antennas, provided that their equivalent D/ ratio is derived from the maximum gain, using formula in recommends 3. The reference radiation pattern for antennas with asymmetrical apertures and for non-aperture FWS antennas in the frequency range from 100 MHz to 1 GHz require
39、s further study. For such antennas, the above reference patterns may be considered to be provisionally valid. In this case, the D/ value computed from Gmax is an equivalent D/ and not the actual D/. NOTE 6 Mathematical models of average radiation patterns for use in certain coordination studies and
40、interference assessment are given in Recommendation ITU-R F.1245. NOTE 7 Reference radiation patterns of omnidirectional and sectoral antennas in point-to-multipoint systems are given in Recommendation ITU-R F.1336. NOTE 8 Further study is required to ensure that reference radiation patterns continu
41、e to develop to take account of advances in antenna design. 6 Rec. ITU-R F.699-8 NOTE 9 While generally applicable, the reference pattern in recommends 2 does not suitably model some practical fixed service antennas and it should be treated with caution over a range of angles from 5 to 70 (see also
42、Notes 2 and 3). NOTE 10 In Annex 1, for some Figures representing antennas above 70 GHz, the patterns for equations in recommends 2.1 and 2.2 referring to antennas below 70 GHz are provided only for information. Annex 1 Reference radiation patterns for FWS antennas 1 Introduction For the study of fr
43、equency sharing between FWS and the FSS or of the possibility of frequency reuse in a FWS network, it is often necessary to use a reference diagram, because the actual radiation pattern of the antennas is not always accurately known or gives too many details. The reference pattern should therefore r
44、epresent the side-lobe envelope in a simplified fashion. The reference radiation pattern to be selected may, however, vary according to the use for which it is intended. In general, the reference radiation patterns in the main text of this Recommendation shall be used. 2 Uses of reference radiation
45、patterns The two main uses of reference radiation patterns are the following: 2.1 Preliminary studies within the coordination area In the determination of the coordination area around an earth station, FWS station antennas are assumed to point directly at the earth station. However, in most cases th
46、ere will be some angular discrimination. The use of a simple reference radiation diagram makes it possible to eliminate from further consideration FWS stations situated in the coordination area but not likely to produce interference. This diagram, must, of necessity, be conservative to prevent the e
47、limination of critical contributing sources of interference. The precise calculation of the interference level, of course, requires more accurate information on the antenna diagram. 2.2 Frequency reuse in a fixed wireless network In a fixed wireless network, the same frequency may be used many times
48、, either on sections sufficiently distant from each other or on sections starting from the same station and lying in different directions, or on the same section using cross-polarization. In the last two cases, the performance of the antenna is of great importance and a fairly precise reference radiation pattern must be used for the network project; this pattern may be less simple than that considered in 2.1, administrations are enc
