1、August 2009DEUTSCHE NORM English price group 9No part of this standard may be reproduced without prior permission ofDIN Deutsches Institut fr Normung e. V., Berlin. Beuth Verlag GmbH, 10772 Berlin, Germany,has the exclusive right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).ICS 11.180.10!$Y9*“1542207ww
2、w.din.deDDIN EN ISO 24415-1Tips for assistive products for walking Requirements and test methods Part 1: Friction of tips (ISO 24415-1:2009)English version of DIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08Puffer fr technische Gehhilfen Anforderungen und Prfung Teil 1: Reibung der Puffer (ISO 24415-1:2009)Englische Fass
3、ung DIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08www.beuth.deDocument comprises 14 pagesDIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08 2 National foreword This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 173 “Technical systems and aids for disabled or handicapped persons” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 293
4、“Assistive products for persons with disability” (Secretariat: SIS, Sweden). The Normenausschuss Medizin (Medical Standards Committee) is obliged to publish the standard as the subject falls in its domain. However, as this standard has been prepared without the active participation of German experts
5、, Germany abstained from voting. The DIN Standard corresponding to the International Standard referred to in clause 2 of this document is as follows: ISO 9999 DIN EN ISO 9999 National Annex NA (informative) Bibliography DIN EN ISO 9999, Assistive products for persons with disability Classification a
6、nd terminology EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPENNEEUROPISCHE NORMEN ISO 24415-1April 2009ICS 11.180.10English VersionTips for assistive products for walking - Requirements and testmethods - Part 1: Friction of tips (ISO 24415-1:2009)Embouts pour produits dassistance la marche -Exigences et mthodes dess
7、ai - Partie 1: Frottement desembouts (ISO 24415-1:2009)Puffer fr technische Gehhilfen - Anforderungen undPrfung - Teil 1: Reibung der Puffer (ISO 24415-1:2009)This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 March 2009.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which s
8、tipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard
9、 exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards
10、 bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.E
11、UROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNGManagement Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN ISO 24415-1:2009: E2 DIN EN IS
12、O 24415-1:2009-08 EN ISO 24415-1:2009 (E) Contents Page Foreword .3 Introduction.4 1 Scope5 2 Normative references5 3 Terms and definitions .5 4 Requirements.6 5 Test apparatus .7 5.1 Test device .7 5.2 Test track7 5.3 Loading force mechanism7 5.4 Pulling mechanism7 5.5 Frictional force measurement
13、7 6 Test method .8 6.1 Preparation.8 6.2 Testing environment .8 6.3 Test procedure.8 7 Test report9 Annex A (normative) How to determine the frictional force to be recorded.10 Annex B (informative) Examples of test apparatus.11 Foreword 3 CEN/TC 293 “Assistive products for persons with disability” t
14、he secretariat of which is held by SIS. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2009, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by October 2009. Attention
15、 is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
16、following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
17、 Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Endorsement notice The text of ISO 24415-1:2009 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 24415-1:2009 without any modification. DIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08 EN ISO 24415-1:2009 (E) This document (EN ISO 24415-1:2009) has been prepared by Techni
18、cal Committee ISO/TC 173 “Technical systems and aids for disabled or handicapped persons” in collaboration with Technical Committee Introduction A frictional performance of the tips attached to the bottom of assistive products for walking is a key concern ensuring user safety. Friction between the t
19、ips and the walking surface is an extraordinarily important factor by which a user can confirm his/her motion. The tips are used on many different assistive products for walking, including canes, walking sticks, crutches, walking frames, rollators and walking tables and are produced in many differen
20、t sizes and made of many different materials depending on the assistive products for walking to which they are applied. Tips with a variety of bottom shapes for a particular kind of assistive product for walking are also available on the market. In the friction test method found in this part of ISO
21、24415, tips of original shape are used. In real situations, not only pure frictional characteristics but also the shape and pattern of the bottom surface against the walking surface can affect the locomotive performance. This part of ISO 24415 specifies a test with which the frictional force is meas
22、ured on tip products themselves in order to ensure that the tips with necessarily frictional characteristics are used and it helps to exclude the tips with unacceptably poor frictional characteristics. 4 DIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08 EN ISO 24415-1:2009 (E) 1 Scope This part of ISO 24415 specifies requ
23、irements and test methods for the friction between the tips for assistive products for walking and the walking surface. This part of ISO 24415 is not applicable to tips manufactured for special purposes. The requirements and test method are based on a usage of tips for ordinary gait on the dry and f
24、lat walking surface. EXAMPLE 1 Examples of assistive products for walking are walking sticks, elbow crutches, forearm crutches, auxillary crutches, walking frames, rollators and walking tables. EXAMPLE 2 An example of special purposes is ice and/or snow. 2 Normative references The following referenc
25、ed documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 9999, Assistive products for persons with disability Classification
26、 and terminology 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 tip that part of the assistive product for walking, which is in contact with the walking surface See Figure 1. 3.2 test track surface against which the tip is to be tested 3.3 t
27、est velocity relative velocity between the tip and the test track 5 DIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08 EN ISO 24415-1:2009 (E) 3.4 frictional force force required to move the test track and the tip relative to each other 3.5 frictional force to be recorded value of the frictional force determined from the t
28、est See Annex A. 3.6 axial loading force force exerted on the tips along the longitudinal axis of the loading shaft 3.7 temperature of test temperature of the tip, test apparatus and its environment 4 Requirements The minimum frictional force shall be not less than 25 N when tested in accordance wit
29、h 6.3. Key 1 tip Figure 1 Tips 6 DIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08 EN ISO 24415-1:2009 (E) 5 Test apparatus 5.1 Test device The test device consists of a test track, a loading force mechanism, a pulling mechanism and a recording system. The tip and track shall move relative to each other linearly while the
30、 tip is placed on the test track and an axial load applied. The principle of the test apparatus is shown in Figure 2 and additional information is given in Annex B. The whole test apparatus shall be rigid. All linkages shall be made with rods but not with wire. 5.2 Test track The air side of the flo
31、at glass shall be used for the test track. The test track shall be moved, relative to the tip, by the pulling mechanism. 5.3 Loading force mechanism The loading force mechanism consists of a loading shaft having an outside dimension equivalent to the leg dimension as specified by the manufacturer an
32、d shall be positioned at an angle of (70 2) to the test track (see Figure 2). The loading mechanism shall exert an axial loading force of (50 1) N to the tip along the loading shaft. The mechanism used shall allow for separation of the tip from the test track, while the test track is reset to its in
33、itial position. 5.4 Pulling mechanism The pulling mechanism shall give a constant test velocity of (500 25) mm/min regardless of the magnitude of the pulling force. The test velocity shall be reached within 0,3 s. 5.5 Frictional force measurement The frictional force shall be recorded by a waveform-
34、viewing device or a data-recording system. The recording shall be of an accuracy of 2 %. The measuring system shall be able to measure at least 200 N. 7 DIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08 EN ISO 24415-1:2009 (E) Key 1 test track 2 tip 3 loading force mechanism aDirection of movement. bAxial loading force. F
35、igure 2 Loading geometry 6 Test method 6.1 Preparation Wash the tip with neutral detergent and rinse with water. Place the tip for at least 3 h in the testing environment. Three test samples shall be prepared. 6.2 Testing environment The test shall be carried out at a temperature of (23 2) C and a r
36、elative humidity of (50 10) %. 6.3 Test procedure The test procedure shall be as follows: a) wipe the test track with anhydrous ethanol; b) fix the sample tip to the shaft; c) place the sample tip on the test track at an angle of (70 2); d) exert a loading force via and normal to the inside base of
37、the tip; 8 DIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08 EN ISO 24415-1:2009 (E) e) maintain the axial loading force at (50 1) N for the duration of the test; f) within 5 min, move the sample tip relative to the test track in a linear direction with a speed of (500 25) mm/min for at least 3 s; g) when returning the te
38、st sample tip to the start position, the test sample shall be lifted clear of the test track; h) perform the test described in f) and g) three times without recording the frictional force waveforms; i) perform the test described in f) and g) five times recording the frictional force waveforms; deter
39、mine the value of the frictional force to be recorded for these five latter frictional force waveforms and calculate and note the average of these five values (see Annex A); j) repeat a) to i) using the other two samples. The lowest average value obtained from testing the three samples of each tip m
40、odel shall be the final result. 7 Test report The test report shall contain, but not be limited to, the following information: a) name and address of the manufacturer; b) name and address of the supplier of the product for test; c) name and address of the testing institution; d) classification code
41、and name in accordance with ISO 9999; e) manufacturers product type and model identification name and/or number; f) suppliers product type and model identification name and/or number; g) maximum outer diameter of the tip measured within 5 mm up from the walking surface when the tip is perpendicular
42、to the walking surface; h) inner diameter, internal depth, and photographs to obtain side and bottom shapes; i) accuracy of the measurement system, frequency range for the analogue system and sampling rate for the digital system; j) the lowest value of the three tests described in 6.3; k) month and
43、year when the test was performed; l) whether or not the product complies with the requirements of this part of ISO 24415. 9 DIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08 EN ISO 24415-1:2009 (E) Annex A (normative) How to determine the frictional force to be recorded In the friction test, frictional force data need to
44、be recorded by a measurement device, as waveforms. Characteristics of the friction of tips vary according to their materials, bottom shapes and thickness of bottom, etc. Some waveforms that could be measured in this test are shown in Figure A.1. Each frictional force to be recorded is defined by cir
45、cle (). a) b) c) d) Key X time, in seconds Y frictional force, in newtons Figure A.1 Examples of waveforms In these measurements, the frictional force is defined as the initial peak, or, when no peak appears within 3 s, as the value recorded after 3 s (or at 3 s). 10 DIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08 EN IS
46、O 24415-1:2009 (E) Annex B (informative) Examples of test apparatus Models of test apparatus are illustrated in Figures B.1 and B.2. The apparatuses as shown in Figure B.1 and B.2 consist of a test track, a load cell, a sliding table, a loading mechanism and a pulling mechanism. The test track is pl
47、aced on ball bearings and is connected to the load cell which is installed on the sliding table. In this mechanism, the horizontal movement of the test track is carried out by the movement of the sliding table. Consequently, the frictional force between the test track and sliding table can be minimi
48、zed. Key 1 pulling mechanism 2 load cell 3 lever to lift the tip during return movement 4 frame 5 guide 6 loading mechanism 7 tip 8 test track 9 sliding table Figure B.1 Example 1 11 DIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08 EN ISO 24415-1:2009 (E) Key 1 pulling mechanism 2 load cell 3 lever to lift the tip during return movements 4 frame 5 guide 6 loading mechanism 7 tip 8 test track 9 sliding table Figure B.2 Example 2 12 DIN EN ISO 24415-1:2009-08 EN ISO 24415-1:2009 (E)
