1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.2002(03/2012)Objectives, characteristics and functionalrequirements of wide-area sensor and/or actuator network (WASN) systemsM SeriesMobile, radiodetermination, amateurand related satellite servicesii Rec. ITU-R M.2002 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to
2、 ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy function
3、s of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenc
4、ed in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-
5、R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting servi
6、ce (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and
7、fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 201
8、2 ITU 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.2002 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.2002 Objectives, characteristics and functional requirements of wide-area sensor and/or actuator network (WASN) system
9、s (Question ITU-R 250/5) (2012) Scope This Recommendation provides the objectives, system characteristics, functional requirements, service applications and fundamental network functionalities for mobile wireless access systems (WAS) providing communications to a large number of ubiquitous sensors a
10、nd/or actuators scattered over wide areas in the land mobile service. The key objective of wide area sensor and/or actuator network (WASN) systems is to support machine-to-machine service applications irrespective of machine location. Related ITU Recommendations and Reports Recommendation ITU-R M.10
11、79 Performance and quality of service requirements for International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) access networks. Recommendation ITU-R M.1890 Intelligent transport systems Guidelines and objectives. Recommendation ITU-R P.372 Radio noise. Recommendation ITU-R P.1406 Propagation effects
12、 relating to terrestrial land mobile and broadcasting services in the VHF and UHF bands. Recommendation ITU-R P.1812 A path-specific propagation prediction method for point-to-area terrestrial services in the VHF and UHF bands. Recommendation ITU-R SM.329 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. R
13、ecommendations ITU-T H.235 H.323 security: Framework for security in H-series (H.323 and other H.245-based) multimedia systems. Recommendation ITU-T X.805 Security architecture for systems providing end-to-end communications. Report ITU-R M.2224 System design guidelines for wide area sensor and/or a
14、ctuator network (WASN) systems. Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AS Application server BS Base station DB Database IMT International Mobile Telecommunication M2M Machine-to-machine QoS Quality of service WAS Wireless access system 2 Rec. I
15、TU-R M.2002 WASN Wide area sensor and/or actuator network WT Wireless terminal The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that rapid advances are being made in wireless communications to link sensors and/or actuators associated with humans and objects in various environments; b) that sensor
16、s and/or actuators for wireless communications should be simple, small, inexpensive and have low power consumption to realize the ubiquitous network society; c) that there are emerging applications that handle small amounts of data, such as measurement data, location information and object control s
17、ignals; d) that the application of wireless sensor and/or actuator communications may provide service to a large cell coverage and large variety of objects on a cell-by-cell basis due to the traffic characteristics of such applications stated in item c) above; e) that mobility should be offered for
18、wireless sensor and/or actuator communications; f) that wireless sensor and/or actuator communications can take place in non-line-of-sight conditions; g) that it is desirable to identify the typical characteristics for the mobile wireless access systems (WAS) used for sensor and/or actuator communic
19、ations in the land mobile service; h) that WAS used for sensor and/or actuator communications may also be used in nomadic wireless access or fixed wireless access applications, recommends 1 that, for mobile WAS providing communications to a large number of sensors and/or actuators scattered over wid
20、e areas, the objectives in Annex 1 may be used; 2 that the characteristics and functional requirements provided in Annex 2 should be used for design of wide area sensor and/or actuator network (WASN) systems. Rec. ITU-R M.2002 3 Annex 1 Objectives of wide area sensor and/or actuator network (WASN) s
21、ystems 1 Introduction This Annex provides the objectives for wide area sensor and/or actuator network (WASN) systems, in this Recommendation for communications to a large number of sensors and/or actuators. 2 Objectives 2.1 Support of M2M service applications The mobile wireless access system (WAS)
22、should support a variety of machine-to-machine (M2M) service applications such as automation and efficiency enhancement of business works, environment observation, remote control of plant facilities, social security and the reduction of environmental impact, irrespective of their locations. 2.2 Cove
23、rage of a wide range of sensor and/or actuator densities The mobile WAS should provide these services over a wide range of sensor and/or actuator densities, irrespective of whether service areas are inhabited or uninhabited. 2.3 Accommodation of a large number of sensors and/or actuators The mobile
24、WAS should accommodate a large number of sensors and/or actuators and provide services at an acceptable cost. For some applications, the number of sensors and/or actuators could be several times the population. The WAS used for sensor and/or actuator communications should support a large address spa
25、ce to accommodate a large number of sensor and/or actuator devices. 2.4 Easy system installation and simple deployment The mobile WAS should provide both easy system installation and simple deployment which reduce the number of base stations (BSs). This objective enables the operator to easily provi
26、de M2M service applications on a cell-basis. 2.5 Power efficient system The mobile WAS should use power efficiently to ensure longer battery life of the wireless sensors and/or actuators and to minimize the environmental impact. In particular, the wireless sensors and/or actuators could be equipped
27、with intelligent power saver algorithms and efficient sleep-wake cycle. There are a great many wireless terminals (WTs) attached to sensors and/or actuators in a BS, so the enhancement of power efficiency per WT leads to a reduction in overall system energy consumption. This contributes to reduce th
28、e maintenance cost and environmental impact of the system, e.g. reduction of battery replacement cost and CO2emission. 4 Rec. ITU-R M.2002 2.6 QoS support The mobile WAS should provide these services with a quality of service (QoS) performance equivalent to the QoS of the public mobile networks. Sin
29、ce service applications may have different QoS, e.g. reliability, latency, data accuracy, it is important to support a broad range of QoS. 2.7 Security The mobile WAS should provide these services with security features equivalent to those available for data communication services on the public mobi
30、le networks. Since information from sensors and toward actuators may include private information and confidential business information, it is important to protect this information from unauthorized and malicious outsiders. 2.8 Providing sustainable M2M services The mobile WAS should provide sustaina
31、ble M2M services which can apply upcoming innovative technologies and incorporate their future applications. This objective enables to enhance the conventional service applications by introducing new technologies and incorporating the future extensions while supporting the conventional service appli
32、cations. 2.9 Support of nomadic and fixed services The mobile WAS should support nomadic and fixed M2M services as well as mobile M2M services. 2.10 Wireless terminal consideration The mobile WAS should support a variety of sensors and/or actuators, regardless of their size, shape and materials, whi
33、ch are maintenance-free or requiring minimum maintenance, and can be installed even in harsh conditions (e.g. extreme temperatures and humidity, etc.). Annex 2 System characteristics, functional requirements, service applications and fundamental network functionalities of wide-area sensor and/or act
34、uator network (WASN) systems 1 Introduction This Annex focuses on the system characteristics, functional requirements, service applications and the fundamental network functionalities for WASN systems. The system design guidelines of WASN systems are described in Report ITU-R M.2224. Rec. ITU-R M.20
35、02 5 2 Service applications The WASN systems should support a variety of service applications. Available service categories are shown below. Service categories are not limited to those listed below: automation and efficiency enhancement of business works such as remote meter-reading of utilities, i.
36、e. water, gas, and electricity; meteorological observation such as air temperature and humidity measurement; environment observation, forecasting, and protection such as environmental pollution observation, including air, water, and soil; crime prevention and security, such as intrusion detection; h
37、ealthcare, medical applications, and welfare support such as monitoring of vital parameters (e.g. body temperature, weight, and heart rate); remote control and monitoring of plant facilities; goods distribution; disaster prevention and measures, such as disaster notification; smart homes and control
38、 commercial building, such as home and office appliance networking; intelligent transportation and traffic management systems1; monitoring of avian species that may carry the avian influenza virus; personal security, such as child tracking and intruder detection; reduction of environmental impact, s
39、uch as energy consumption control and visualization of energy consumption. 3 Network functionalities The fundamental network functionalities of the WASN systems are shown below: Automatic sensing information collection: This application automatically collects the information acquired by sensors and
40、sends it to application servers (ASs) or databases (DBs) via the core network to which the WAS is connected. Remote actuator control: This application lets the users control actuators remotely via ASs via the core network. The control information for the actuators is transferred from the ASs to the
41、actuators via the WAS. 4 System characteristics 4.1 Sensor and/or actuator density aspects Since WASN systems are intended for humans as well as machines such as utility meters, vehicles, motorbikes, etc., the number of sensors and/or actuators to be accommodated will be very large, i.e. from tens t
42、o hundreds of times the population. Furthermore, since WASN systems are expected to handle small amounts of data such as measurement data, location information, and object control signals rather than continuous streaming content; achieving transmission over long-distances by 1Guidelines and objectiv
43、es of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are described in Recommendation ITU-R M.1890. 6 Rec. ITU-R M.2002 narrow signal bandwidth is more important than high-speed transmission with broad signal bandwidth. Since sensors and/or actuators can be deployed anywhere, the M2M services should be provided
44、 not only to inhabited areas such as business, urban, residential, and rural but also to uninhabited areas. As noted above, sensor and/or actuator density is one of the key criteria in installing the system at a practical cost. The systems need to support some applications in the mobile and nomadic
45、environments. To support such mobility, these systems have to be deployed using a cellular layout. 4.1.1 Low-density scenario In areas with low-density sensors and/or actuators, the systems must employ large cells to reduce the number of required BSs which leads to a simple and cost-effective deploy
46、ment. 4.1.2 High-density scenario In areas with high-density sensors and/or actuators, the WASN system may accommodate a significantly larger number of wireless terminals (WTs) per cell. Therefore, it is more important that the radiated power from WTs does not become co-channel interference at a BS.
47、 In order to minimize the potential for co-channel interference, the systems should reduce radiated power from WTs even in their inactive cycle. 4.2 QoS QoS needs to be expressed by user-perceivable parameters such as errors and transfer delay, independent of the internal design of the network depen
48、ding on the service applications as described in Section 2. To support different kinds of WASN services, multiple QoS classes optimized for WASN should be defined. Two example classes are discussed as follows: For delivery-time-sensitive services such as remote control of plant facilities or intrude
49、r detection, at least one time-sensitive QoS class could be defined and supported. WASN also deals with relatively delivery-time-insensitive M2M services. For delivery-time-insensitive M2M services, the use of a delay-tolerant QoS class might be dominant. Additional important classes may be supported. An appropriate QoS mapping between that of WASN and legacy core network, defined in Recommendation ITU-R M.1079 should be made for the consistency of end-to-end services. The definition of QoS for WASN systems is out of the scope of this Recommendation. 4.3
