1、 Recommendation ITU-R M.2068-0 (02/2015) Characteristics of and protection criteria for systems operating in the mobile service in the frequency range 14.5-15.35 GHz M Series Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services ii Rec. ITU-R M.2068-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommu
2、nication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulator
3、y and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/I
4、TU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R
5、/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound)
6、BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between
7、 fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Pu
8、blication Geneva, 2015 ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R M.2068-0 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.2068-0 Characteristics of and protection criteria for systems operating in the mobile service i
9、n the frequency range 14.5-15.35 GHz (2014) Scope This Recommendation specifies the characteristics of and protection criteria for systems operating in the mobile service in the frequency range 14.5-15.35 GHz. These technical and operational characteristics should be used in analyzing compatibility
10、between systems operating in the mobile service with systems in other services. Keywords Mobile service, technical characteristics, protection criteria. Abbreviations/Glossary BPSK Binary phase shift keying FET Field effect transistor FSK Frequency shift keying QPSK Quadrature phase shift keying RF
11、Radio frequency The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that mobile systems in the 14.5-15.35 GHz frequency range are used for a variety of purposes including land mobile ground-to-ground data links used to convey voice, data, and/or video; b) that antenna, signal propagation, and large
12、bandwidth characteristics of mobile systems to achieve their functions and requirements are optimum in certain frequency bands; c) that the technical characteristics of systems operating in the mobile service in this frequency range are determined by the purpose of the system and vary widely; d) tha
13、t representative technical and operational characteristics of systems operating in frequency bands allocated to the mobile service are required to determine the feasibility of introducing new types of systems as well as conducting sharing studies; e) that procedures and methodologies are needed to a
14、nalyse compatibility between systems operating in the mobile service and systems in other services; f) that administrations conducting ITU-R sharing or compatibility studies addressing new allocation proposals in any part of the frequency band 14.5-15.35 GHz should take into account operations of in
15、cumbent services in the band, including mobile service, 2 Rec. ITU-R M.2068-0 recognizing that the authorization and operation of these systems should comply with applicable national spectrum policies and the ITU Radio Regulations, noting a) that the frequency range 14.5-15.35 GHz is allocated world
16、wide on a primary basis to the mobile service and the fixed service; b) that the frequency band 14.5-14.8 GHz is allocated worldwide on a primary basis to the fixed-satellite service (Earth-to-space) limited by RR No. 5.510 to feeder links for the broadcasting satellite service for countries outside
17、 Europe; c) that the frequency range 14.5-15.35 GHz is allocated worldwide on a secondary basis to the space research service, recommends 1 that the technical and operational characteristics of the systems operating in the mobile service described in Annex 1 should be considered representative of th
18、ose operating in the frequency band 14.5-15.35 GHz; 2 that the technical and operational characteristics of the systems operating in the mobile service as described in Annex 1 should be used for sharing and compatibility studies involving the mobile service and other services in the frequency band 1
19、4.5-15.35 GHz; 3 that the criterion of interfering signal power to mobile system receiver noise power level, I/N, of 6 dB should be used as the required protection level for the mobile systems in the frequency range 14.5-15.35 GHz, and that this protection level is for aggregate interference if mult
20、iple interferers are present. Annex 1 Technical and operational characteristics of systems operating in the mobile service in the frequency range 14.5-15.35 GHz 1 Introduction In the frequency range 14.5-15.35 GHz mobile systems support a variety of useful functions including reliable transmission o
21、f large amounts of data for land mobile to land mobile voice, data, and video wideband links. 2 Technical characteristics of mobile systems in the frequency band 14.5-15.35 GHz The technical parameters of representative mobile systems operating in the frequency range 14.5-15.35 GHz are presented in
22、Table 1. Rec. ITU-R M.2068-0 3 TABLE 1 Mobile system characteristics in the band 14.5-15.35 GHz Characteristics System 1 System 2 System 3 System 4 System 5 System 6 Units Frequency range 14.5-15.35 14.5-15.35 14.5-15.35 14.5-15.0 14.5-15.30 14.6-15.35 GHz Platform type Land-mobile vehicle Handheld
23、Land-mobile vehicle Land-mobile vehicle Land-mobile vehicle Land-mobile vehicle Modulation 8-QAM, QPSK BPSK FSK FSK BPSK/OQPSK BPSK/QPSK/QAM Emission designator 50M0G1D 18M5F9W 4M60F9W 20M0G7W 2M46G1D 40M0G7W Transmitter output power* 15 (peak) 5 (peak) 25 (peak) 18 (peak) 40 (mean) 0.5 (mean) W Max
24、imum data rate 140 10 5 19 1.024/3.072 108 Mbit/s Output device Solid State FET FET FET FET Gallium Arsenide Field Effect Transistor Antenna pattern type Directional Hemispherical Directional Directional Directional Directional Antenna type Electronically scanned circular array Stacked microstrip pa
25、tch Stacked microstrip patch Stacked microstrip patch Stacked microstrip patch Phased-array Antenna polarization Right-hand circular Linear Linear Linear Horizontal and vertical Left hand circular Antenna gain 18 4 23 25 24 28 dBi Antenna pattern model ITU-R F.1336 (k = 0) Omni directional ITU-R F.1
26、336 (k = 0) ITU-R F.1336 (k = 0) ITU-R F.1336 (k = 0) ITU-R F.1336 (k = 0) Antenna horizontal beamwidth 10 360 3 2.1 2.2 1.9 Degrees Antenna vertical beamwidth 15 40 3 2.1 2.2 1.9 Degrees Antenna height 4-18 2 4-14 4-13 4-15 4-17 m 4 Rec. ITU-R M.2068-0 TABLE 1 (end) Characteristics System 1 System
27、2 System 3 System 4 System 5 System 6 Units Receiver IF 3 dB bandwidth 55 21 4 23 3 35 MHz Receiver noise figure 4 3 3 4 4 5 dB Minimum sensitivity 93 98 105 97 106 94 dBm Transmitter RF emission bandwidth: 3 dB/20 dB 30/55 10/20 3/6 12/22 1.5/2.4 20/38 MHz * NOTE The maximum power level at the inpu
28、t to the antenna is limited to 10 dBW in the 14.5-14.8 GHz frequency range by RR Article 21.5. Rec. ITU-R M.2068-0 5 3 Characteristics of mobile systems in the frequency range 14.5-15.35 GHz 3.1 Introduction Technology advancements in signal processing, complex modulations, antenna design, and solid
29、-state components are enabling the design and manufacture of communication systems in the 14.5-15.35 GHz frequency range that are intended to be used as hand-held devices, e.g. Table 1, System 2, or on ground-based mobile vehicles, e.g. Table 1, System 1 and System 3 System 6, that can inter-operate
30、 with other similar ground-based vehicles while one or both of the vehicles are in motion or stationary. The hand-held devices can communicate with each other or with the vehicular systems. Some Administrations use this band for mobile ground data links that convey voice, data, and/or video, for exa
31、mple, in situations where there is a need to establish and maintain wideband communication among mobile vehicles and personnel providing relief and public safety to an area subjected to a catastrophic natural disaster. Platforms equipped with these data links can be deployed anywhere within a countr
32、y whose Administration has authorized their use. The wide available bandwidth and relative ease of propagation when obstacle-free conditions exist in this frequency range allow mobile systems with data rates up to many 10s of Mbit/s. Largely because of these mission requirements, the mobile systems
33、using or planned to use the band 14.5-15.35 GHz tend to possess the following general characteristics: they typically use solid-state power-amplifier transmitters that are usually able to tune through the frequency band and use digital modulations; an increasing number of these systems have antenna
34、main beams that are steerable in both azimuth and elevation using electronic beam steering techniques. Table 1 summarizes technical characteristics of representative mobile systems deployed or planned to be deployed in the whole or portions of the band 14.5-15.35 GHz. This information is sufficient
35、for general calculations to assess the compatibility between these mobile systems and other systems. Some or all of the mobile systems whose characteristics are presented in Table 1 possess the properties above, although they do not illustrate the full repertoire of attributes that might appear in f
36、uture systems. 3.2 Transmitters The mobile systems operating or planned to operate in the 14.5-15.35 GHz band typically use digital modulations. A given transmitter may be capable of radiating more than one waveform and solid-state power amplifier output devices are typically used in the transmitter
37、s. The trend towards use of solid-state transmitters in new mobile systems will continue for the foreseeable future due to the wide bandwidth, low level of generated spurious emissions, low power consumption, and reliability of these devices. Typical transmitter RF emission (3 dB) bandwidths of mobi
38、le systems operating or planned to operate in the band 14.5-15.35 GHz range from about 4 MHz to 50 MHz. Current transmitter peak output powers range from 5 W (37 dBm) to 25 W (44 dBm). Advances in solid state modules will enable systems in the near future to generate peak power outputs of 70 W 130 W
39、 in this frequency range. However, the maximum power level at the input to the antenna is limited to 10 dBW in the 14.5-14.8 GHz frequency range by RR No. 21.5. 6 Rec. ITU-R M.2068-0 3.3 Receivers The newer-generation mobile systems in the 14.5-15.35 GHz use digital modulations to enhance system per
40、formance. The signal processing in the newer generation of mobile systems use digital phase, frequency, or amplitude modulation techniques. 3.4 Antennas A variety of different types of antennas are used by systems in the 14.5-15.35 GHz band. Antennas in this band are generally of a variety of sizes
41、and thus are of interest for applications where mobility and lightweight are important. The directional antenna pattern for mobile systems must be able cover 360 in the horizontal plane either electronically or mechanically. Sectored horn or circular phased arrays may be used to obtain 360 degree ho
42、rizontal coverage. Flat-plate electronically steered antennas may require several facets or sub-antennas to achieve 360 horizontal coverage. Both horizontal and vertical polarizations are used. No current ITU-R Recommendation adequately addresses the antenna pattern for mobile systems in the 14.5-15
43、.35 GHz frequency range. However, as an interim measure, the analytical procedures contained in Recommendation ITU-R F.1336, with a suggested “k-factor” of 0, can be used to model the directional antenna pattern for the vehicular antennas for use in compatibility studies and sharing analyses. Typica
44、l antenna heights for ground-based mobile vehicle systems range from 4 m to 15 m above ground level. The 4 m height is typical for operations when the antenna is configured in a stowed or retracted position while the vehicle is in motion. The 13-18 m height is typical when the vehicle is halted and
45、an antenna mast can be extended. Operations while the antenna is in the stowed position while the vehicle is on the move may limit the signal strength of the desired signal due to its propagation along non-line of sight paths with various obstructions. In this frequency range selection of antenna lo
46、cations on elevated terrain is desirable to mitigate the effects of, e.g. foliage and buildings, etc., on electromagnetic propagation to maximize communication distances when the vehicle is operating when halted. 4 Protection criteria Under noise-limited conditions, a protection criteria of I/N = 6
47、dB limits the increase in the noise level in the receiver to about 1 dB and corresponds to an (I + N)/N ratio of 1.26. The 1 dB increase in the noise level could be manifested as, e.g. a decrease in the available fade margin, a decrease in the effective coverage area where a maximum given bit error
48、rate must be maintained, or receiver desensitization, which would constitute significant degradation for digital receivers that must operate with very low bit error rates. The 1 dB increase represents the aggregate effect of multiple interferers, when present; the received level of interference from
49、 an individual interferer depends on the interferer geometry and other factors, and needs to be assessed in the course of analysis of a given scenario. The specified tolerable I/N ratio is referenced to the mobile receiver input and requires taking in to account all sources of interference. If a single interference source is present, protection of the mobile systems requires that this criterion is not exceeded due to the interference from the single source. If multiple interference sources are present, protection of the mobile systems requires that this criterion is
