1、 Recommendation ITU-R P.1144-9 (12/2017) Guide to the application of the propagation methods of Radiocommunication Study Group 3 P Series Radiowave propagation ii Rec. ITU-R P.1144-9 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use
2、 of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and
3、 Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the
4、 submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of IT
5、U-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination,
6、 amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite ne
7、ws gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2017 ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
8、ay be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R P.1144-9 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R P.1144-9 Guide to the application of the propagation methods of Radiocommunication Study Group 3 (1995-1999-2001-2001-2007-2009-2012-2015-06/2017-12/2017) Scope This Recommendatio
9、n provides a guide to the Recommendations of Radiocommunication Study Group 3, which contain propagation prediction methods. It advises users on the most appropriate methods for particular applications as well as the limits, required input information, and output for each of these methods. Keywords
10、Radiowave propagation, prediction methods, digital products, spatial interpolation, height reference system The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that there is a need to assist users of the ITU-R Recommendations P Series (developed by Radiocommunication Study Group 3), recommends 1 tha
11、t the information contained in Table 1 be used for guidance on the application of the various propagation methods contained in the ITU-R Recommendations P Series (developed by Radiocommunication Study Group 3); 2 that the information contained in Table 2 and Annex 1 be used for guidance on the use o
12、f the various digital maps of geophysical parameters necessary for the application of the propagation methods in recommends 1 above. NOTE For each of the ITU-R Recommendations in Table 1, there are associated information columns to indicate: Application: the service(s) or application for which the R
13、ecommendation is intended. Type: the situation to which the Recommendation applies, such as point-to-point, point-to-area, line-of-sight, etc. Output: the output parameter value produced by the method of the Recommendation, such as path loss. Frequency: the applicable frequency range of the Recommen
14、dation. Distance: the applicable distance range of the Recommendation. % time: the applicable time percentage values or range of values of the Recommendation; % time is the percentage of time that the predicted signal is exceeded during an average year. % location: the applicable per cent location r
15、ange of the Recommendation; % location is the percentage of locations within, say, a square with 100 to 200 m sides that the predicted signal is exceeded. Terminal height: the applicable terminal antenna height range of the Recommendation. Input data: a list of parameters used by the method of the R
16、ecommendation; the list is ordered by the importance of the parameter and, in some instances, default values may be used. 2 Rec. ITU-R P.1144-9 The information, as shown in Table 1, is already provided in the Recommendations themselves; however, the Table allows users to quickly scan the capabilitie
17、s (and limitations) of the Recommendations without the requirement to search through the text. Rec. ITU-R P.1144-9 3 TABLE 1 ITU-R radiowave propagation prediction methods Method Title Application Type Output Frequency Distance % time % location Terminal height Input data Rec. ITU-R P.368 Ground-wav
18、e propagation curves for frequencies between 10 kHz and 30 MHz All services Point-to-point Field strength 10 kHz to 30 MHz 1 to 10 000 km Not applicable Not applicable Ground-based Frequency Ground conductivity Rec. ITU-R P.452 Prediction procedure for the evaluation of interference between stations
19、 on the surface of the Earth at frequencies above about 0.1 GHz Services employing stations on the surface of the Earth; interference Point-to-point Path loss 100 MHz to 50 GHz Not specified but up to and beyond the radio horizon 0.001 to 50 Average year and worst month Not applicable No limits spec
20、ified, within the surface layer of the atmosphere. (Not suitable for aeronautical applications) Path profile data Frequency Percentage time Tx antenna height Rx antenna height Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Meteorological data Polarization Rec. ITU-R P.528 Propagation curv
21、es for aeronautical mobile and radionavigation services using the VHF, UHF and SHF bands Aeronautical mobile Point-to-area Path loss 125 MHz to 15.5 GHz 0 to 1 800 km (for aeronautical applications 0 km horizontal distance does not mean 0 km path length) 1 to 95 Not applicable H1: 1.5 m to 20 km H2:
22、 1 to 20 km Distance Tx height Frequency Rx height Percentage time Rec. ITU-R P.530 Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems Line-of-sight fixed links Point-to-point line-of-sight Path loss Diversity improvement (clear air conditions) XPD(2
23、) Outage Error performance Approximately 150 MHz to 1 00 GHz Up to 200 km if line-of-sight All percentages of time in clear-air conditions; 1 to 0.001 in precipitation conditions(1) And worst month for attenuation Not applicable High enough to ensure specified path clearance Distance Tx height Frequ
24、ency Rx height Percentage time Path obstruction data Climate data Terrain information 4 Rec. ITU-R P.1144-9 TABLE 1 (continued) Method Title Application Type Output Frequency Distance % time % location Terminal height Input data Rec. ITU-R P.533 Method for the prediction of the performance of HF cir
25、cuits Broadcasting Fixed Mobile Point-to-point Basic MUF Sky-wave field strength Available receiver power Signal-to-noise ratio LUF Circuit reliability 2 to 30 MHz 0 to 40 000 km All percentages Not applicable Not applicable Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Sunspot number Mo
26、nth Time(s) of day Frequencies Tx power Tx antenna type Rx antenna type Rec. ITU-R P.534 Method for calculating sporadic-E field strength Fixed Mobile Broadcasting Point-to-point via sporadic E Field strength 30 to 100 MHz 0 to 4 000 km 0.1 to 50 Not applicable Not applicable Distance Frequency Rec.
27、 ITU-R P.617 Propagation prediction techniques and data required for the design of trans-horizon radio-relay systems Trans-horizon fixed links Point-to-point Path loss 30 MHz 100 to 1 000 km 0.001 to 99.999 Not applicable No limits specified within the surface layer of the atmosphere. (Not suitable
28、for aeronautical applications) Frequency Tx antenna gain Rx antenna gain Path geometry Rec. ITU-R P.618 Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of Earth-space telecommunication systems Satellite Point-to-point Path loss Diversity gain and (for precipitation condition) XPD(2)
29、1 to 55 GHz Any practical orbit height 0.001-5 for rain attenuation; 0.001-50 for total attenuation, 0.001-1 for XPD(2) Also worst month for attenuation Not applicable No limit Meteorological data Frequency Elevation angle Height of earth station Separation and angle between earth station sites (for
30、 diversity gain) Antenna diameter and efficiency (for scintillation) Polarization angle (for XPD(2) Rec. ITU-R P.619 Propagation Data Required for the Evaluation of Interference Between Stations in Space and those on the Surface of the Earth Satellite Point-to-point Basic transmission loss for singl
31、e-entry interference Clear-air basic transmission loss for multiple-entry interference 0.1 to 100 GHz Any practical orbit height 0.001 to 50 Not applicable No limit Frequency Earth-station elevation angle Angular path separation Path length Gaseous attenuation Scintillation “gain” Maximum allowed at
32、tenuation of the wanted signal Rec. ITU-R P.1144-9 5 TABLE 1 (continued) Method Title Application Type Output Frequency Distance % time % location Terminal height Input data Rec. ITU-R P.620 Propagation data required for the evaluation of coordination distances in the frequency range 100 MHz to 105
33、GHz Earth station frequency coordination Coordination distance Distance of which the required propagation loss is achieved 100 MHz to 105 GHz Up to 1 200 km 0.001 to 50 Not applicable No limits specified within the surface layer of the atmosphere. (Not suitable for aeronautical applications) Minimum
34、 basic transmission loss Frequency Percentage of time Earth-station elevation angle Rec. ITU-R P.678 Characterization of the variability of propagation phenomena and estimation of the risk associated with propagation margin Rain rate models Satellite Point-to-point Variability of propagation phenome
35、na 12 to 50 GHz Any practical orbit height 0.01-2 for rainfall rate and rain attenuation along slant paths Not applicable No limit Probability of exceedance Rec. ITU-R P.679 Propagation data required for the design of broadcasting-satellite systems Broadcast satellite Point-to-area Path loss Effect
36、of local environment 0.5 to 5.1 GHz Any practical orbit height Not applicable No limits specified No limits specified Frequency Elevation angle Features of local environment Rec. ITU-R P.680 Propagation data required for the design of Earth-space maritime mobile telecommunication systems Maritime mo
37、bile satellite Point-to-point Sea-surface fading Fade duration Interference (adjacent satellite) 0.8-8 GHz Any practical orbit height To 0.001% via Rice-Nakagami distribution Limit of 0.01% for interference(1) Not applicable No limit Frequency Elevation angle Maximum antenna boresight gain Rec. ITU-
38、R P.681 Propagation data required for the design of Earth-space land mobile telecommunication systems Land mobile satellite Point-to-point Path fading Fade duration Non-fade duration 0.8 to 20 GHz Any practical orbit height Not applicable Percentage of distance travelled 1 to 80%(1) Not applicable N
39、o limit Frequency Elevation angle Percentage of distance travelled Approximate level of optical shadowing Rec. ITU-R P.682 Propagation data required for the design of Earth-space aeronautical mobile telecommunication systems Aeronautical mobile satellite Point-to-point Sea-surface fading Multipath f
40、rom ground and aircraft during landing 1 to 2 GHz (sea-surface fading) 1 to 3 GHz (multipath from ground) Any practical orbit height To 0.001% via Rice-Nakagami distribution(1) Not applicable No limit for sea-surface fading Up to 1 km for ground reflection during landing Frequency Elevation angle Po
41、larization Maximum antenna boresight gain Antenna height 6 Rec. ITU-R P.1144-9 TABLE 1 (continued) Method Title Application Type Output Frequency Distance % time % location Terminal height Input data Rec. ITU-R P.684 Prediction of field strength at frequencies below about 150 kHz Fixed Mobile Point-
42、to-point Point-to-area Sky-wave field strength 30 to 150 kHz 0 to 16 000 km 50 Not applicable Not applicable Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Distance Tx power Frequency Ground constants Season Sunspot number Hour of day Rec. ITU-R P.843 Communica-tion by meteor-burst propag
43、ation Fixed Mobile Broadcasting Point-to-point via meteor-burst Received power Burst rate 30 to 100 MHz 100 to 1 000 km 0 to 5 Not applicable Not applicable Frequency Distance Tx power Antenna gains Rec. ITU-R P.1147 Prediction of sky-wave field strength at frequencies between about 150 and 1 700 kH
44、z Broadcasting Point-to-area Sky-wave field strength 0.15 to 1.7 MHz 50 to 12 000 km 1, 10, 50 Not applicable Not applicable Latitude and longitude of Tx Latitude and longitude of Rx Distance Sunspot number Tx power Frequency Rec. ITU-R P.1238 Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning
45、 of indoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz Mobile RLAN In-building propagation methods Path loss Delay spread 300 MHz to 100 GHz Within buildings Not applicable Not applicable Base: about 2-3 m Mobile: about 0.5-3 m Frequency Distanc
46、e Floor and wall factors Rec. ITU-R P.1410 Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial broadband radio access systems operating in a frequency range from 3 to 60 GHz Broadband radio access Point-to-area Coverage Temporal coverage reduction due to rain 3 to 60 GHz 0
47、-5 km 0.001 to 1 (for calculating reduction in coverage due to rain) Up to 100 No limit; 0-300 m (typical) Frequency Cell size Terminal heights Building height statistical parameters Rec. ITU-R P.1144-9 7 TABLE 1 (continued) Method Title Application Type Output Frequency Distance % time % location T
48、erminal height Input data Rec. ITU-R P.1411 Propagation data and prediction methods for the planning of short-range outdoor radiocommunication systems and radio local area networks in the frequency range 300 MHz to 100 GHz Mobile Short-path propagation methods Path loss Delay spread 300 MHz to 100 G
49、Hz 1 km Not applicable Not applicable Base: about 4-50 m Mobile: about 0.5-3 m Frequency Distance Street dimensions Structure heights Rec. ITU-R P.1546 Method for point-to-area predictions for terrestrial services in the frequency range 30 MHz to 3 000 MHz Terrestrial services Point-to-area Field strength 30 to 3 000 MHz 1 to 1 000 km 1 to 50 1 to 99 Tx/base: effective height from less than 0 m to 3 000 m Rx/mobile: m Terrain height and ground cover (optional) Path classification Distance Tx antenna height Frequency Percentage time Rx antenna height Terrain clearance angle Percent
