1、 Rep. ITU-R M.2113-1 1 REPORT ITU-R M.2113-1 Sharing studies in the 2 500-2 690 MHz band between IMT-2000 and fixed broadband wireless access systems including nomadic applications in the same geographical area (2007-2008) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction and scope . 4 1.1 Scope. 4 1.2 Frequenc
2、y arrangement 4 2 System A Systems based on standards developed in IEEE 802.16. 5 2.1 Interference scenarios to be analyzed . 5 2.2 Modelling of inter-system interference: ACLR, ACS and ACIR. 6 2.3 Basic system characteristics . 6 2.3.1 802.16 TDD . 6 2.3.2 CDMA-DS . 8 2.3.3 CDMA-TDD 8 2.3.4 ACIR va
3、lues for co-existence analysis between 802.16 TDD and CDMA-DS . 9 2.3.5 ACLR, ACS and ACIR values for co-existence analysis between 802.16 TDD and CDMA-TDD 10 2.4 Deterministic analyses of interference using standard values 12 2.4.1 Evaluation methodology 12 2.4.2 Input parameters and assumptions .
4、12 2.4.3 Protection criteria. 12 2.4.4 Results of analysis of interference between CDMA-DS and 802.16 TDD . 13 2.4.5 Results of analysis of interference between CDMA-TDD and 802.16 TDD . 16 2.4.6 Summary of deterministic analysis between CDMA-DS and 802.16 TDD . 19 2.4.7 Summary of deterministic ana
5、lysis between CDMA-TDD and 802.16 TDD . 19 2.5 Statistical analysis. 19 2.5.1 Evaluation methodology 20 2.5.2 Input parameters and assumptions . 20 2 Rep. ITU-R M.2113-1 Page 2.5.3 Interference scenarios 32 2.5.4 Results of statistical analysis 34 2.5.5 Summary of statistical analysis of standard CD
6、MA-DS coexistence with 802.16 TDD . 47 2.5.6 Summary of statistical analysis of standard CDMA-TDD coexistence with 802.16 TDD 47 2.6 Mitigation techniques and their impacts. 48 2.6.1 Deterministic analysis of interference using enhanced isolation values for CDMA-DS 48 2.6.2 Deterministic analysis of
7、 interference between base stations with mitigation techniques and enhanced isolation values for CDMA-DS . 52 2.6.3 Statistical analysis of interference using enhanced values for CDMA-DS . 57 2.7 Conclusions to analyses of System A. 68 2.7.1 Scope and limitations . 68 2.7.2 Results of basic coexiste
8、nce study between CDMA-DS and 802.16 TDD . 68 2.7.3 Conclusions of the coexistence study between CDMA-TDD system and a 802.16 TDD system 71 3 System B Systems based on standards developed for MMDS 73 3.1 Interference scenarios to be analyzed . 73 3.2 Deterministic analysis. 74 3.3 Statistical analys
9、is. 74 3.3.1 Input parameters and assumptions . 75 3.3.2 Protection criteria. 80 3.3.3 Results 80 3.4 Mitigation techniques and their impact 83 3.5 Summary and conclusions 83 3.5.1 Co-frequency sharing between MMDS and terrestrial IMT-2000. 83 3.5.2 Adjacent band compatibility between MMDS and terre
10、strial IMT-2000. 84 4 Conclusions 85 5 Glossary and abbreviations. 85 Annex A Propagation models . 86 Annex B Interference analysis between CDMA-DS and 802.16 TDD: between base stations 91 Rep. ITU-R M.2113-1 3 Page Annex C Interference analysis between CDMA-DS and 802.16 TDD: between base stations
11、and mobile station/SSs 98 Annex D Interference analysis between CDMA-DS and 802.16 TDD: between mobile stations and SSs 102 Annex E Interference analysis between CDMA-TDD and 802.16 TDD: between base stations 103 Annex F Interference analysis between CDMA-TDD and 802.16 TDD: between base stations an
12、d mobile station/SSs 110 Annex G Interference analysis between CDMA-TDD and 802.16 TDD: between mobile stations and SSs 113 Annex H FCC spectral mask. 115 Annex I Mitigation techniques 119 Annex J Smart antenna beam-forming patterns 123 Annex K Calculation of ACLR and ACS values in sharing studies b
13、etween CDMA-TDD and 802.16 TDD . 127 References 140 4 Rep. ITU-R M.2113-1 1 Introduction and scope The 2 500-2 690 MHz band was identified at WRC-2000 as an additional spectrum band that Administrations may choose to make available for IMT-2000 terrestrial. Consequently, ITU-R has undertaken sharing
14、 studies in the 2 500 MHz to 2 690 MHz band between IMT-2000 terrestrial systems and other services as required by Resolution 223 (WRC-2000). This Report focuses on sharing with broadband wireless access systems particularly on fixed systems, including nomadic applications. 1.1 Scope There is a risk
15、 of co-channel and adjacent channel interference between IMT-2000 systems and other systems in the band, for example, Broadband Wireless Access Systems such as MMDS or IEEE 802.16. This Report addresses coexistence between the following: 802.16 TDD, which is based on the IEEE 802.16 series of standa
16、rds, and IMT-2000 CDMA-DS, 802.16 TDD, and IMT-2000 CDMA-TDD, MMDS and CDMA-DS, MMDS and CDMA-TDD. Mobile application of IEEE 802.16 is out of the scope of this study. 1.2 Frequency arrangement The spectrum band ranging from 2 500 MHz to 2 690 MHz as shown in Table 1 described in draft revision of R
17、ecommendation ITU-R M.1036-2 Frequency arrangements for implementation of the terrestrial component of International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000) in the bands 806-960 MHz, 1 710-2 025 MHz, 2 110-2 200 MHz and 2 500-2 690 MHz, has three possible frequency arrangements; C1, C2, and C3. In
18、 frequency arrangements C1 and C2, the paired frequency bands at either end of the spectrum will host an IMT-2000 frequency division duplex (FDD) technology such as CDMA-DS1. The FDD allocation will consist of 2 70 MHz paired spectrum with a 120 MHz duplex spacing, leaving 50 MHz in the centre. The
19、central band can be used by either a time division duplex (TDD) technology (C1) or an “external” FDD downlink band in conjunction with a FDD uplink band allocated elsewhere (C2). Option C3 provides for flexible use of either TDD or FDD throughout the band with no specific blocks. TABLE 1 Possible al
20、locations of the 2.5 GHz IMT-2000 band Frequency arrangement Mobile station transmitter (MHz) Centre gap(MHz) Base station transmitter (MHz) Duplex separation (MHz) Centre gap usage C1 2 500-2 570 50 2 620-2 690 120 TDD C2 2 500-2 570 50 2 620-2 690 120 FDD DL (external) C3 Flexible FDD/TDD 1Code di
21、vision multiple access-direct sequence (CDMA-DS). Rep. ITU-R M.2113-1 5 2 System A Systems based on standards developed in IEEE 802.16 2.1 Interference scenarios to be analyzed Deployment of systems based on standards developed by IEEE 802.162, hereafter simply referred to as 802.16 for the sake of
22、brevity, in adjacent bands to IMT-2000 systems in the same geographical area in the 2 500-2 690 MHz band is likely to create similar adjacent channel interference problems as the ones addressed in Reports ITU-R M.2030 Coexistence between IMT-2000 time division duplex and frequency division duplex te
23、rrestrial radio interface technologies around 2 600 MHz operating in adjacent bands and in the same geographical area and ITU-R M.2045 Mitigating techniques to address coexistence between IMT-2000 time division duplex and frequency division duplex radio interface technologies within the frequency ra
24、nge 2 500-2 690 MHz operating in adjacent bands and in the same geographical area, due to inherent similarities of these two systems as far as the sharing studies are concerned. For instance, both systems will be deployed in multi-cell, wide-area deployments with base station transmitter heights and
25、 power levels in accordance with such deployments. Adjacent-channel sharing of a frequency band by two systems deployed in the same geographical area creates the following four general cases for potential interference, which are not necessarily similar in terms of severity and likelihood of interfer
26、ence: a) Base to base b) Base to subscriber c) Subscriber to base d) Subscriber to subscriber. This section addresses the impact of adjacent channel interference (ACI) between an IMT-2000 system that uses FDD (the CDMA-DS system ) or TDD (the CDMA-TDD system)3and a TDD system, namely, 802.16 TDD4. T
27、he interference scenarios that can exist when these two technologies operate in adjacent spectrum are as follows. Interference from a CDMA-DS base station and CDMA-DS mobile station to a 802.16 TDD base station. Interference from a CDMA-DS base station and CDMA-DS mobile station to a 802.16 TDD subs
28、criber station (SS). Interference from a 802.16 TDD base station and 802.16 TDD SS to a CDMA-DS base station. Interference from a 802.16 TDD base station and 802.16 TDD SS to a CDMA-DS mobile station. 2Working Group IEEE 802.16 has developed and published standards IEEE Std 802.16-2004 titled IEEE S
29、tandard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, Part 16: Air Interface for fixed broadband wireless access systems, and its amendment to include mobility IEEE Std 802.16e-2005 titled Amendment to IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks, Part 16: Air Interface for fixed broadband wir
30、eless access systems Physical and medium access control layers for combined fixed and mobile operation in licensed bands. 3For convenience, IMT-2000 CDMA-DS and IMT-2000 CDMA-TDD are named IMT-2000 CDMA, briefly CDMA. For CDMA-TDD, only 1.28 Mchip/s TDD (TD-SCDMA) is studied in this Report. 4IEEE 80
31、2.16-2004 and IEEE 802.16e-2005 also include other duplex and access modes. In this document, “802.16 TDD” refers to a subset as described above. 6 Rep. ITU-R M.2113-1 In the interference analysis, the 802.16 TDD and CDMA-DS systems were modelled as operating in a macrocellular network. Additionally
32、, the analysis was extended to include microcellular and indoor picocellular deployment scenarios for the CDMA-DS system. 2.2 Modelling of inter-system interference: ACLR, ACS and ACIR The only form of interference modelled in this study is ACI that arises from the adjacent channel leakage (ACLR) fr
33、om base station, SS and mobile station transmissions in the 802.16 TDD and CDMA-DS systems and the adjacent channel selectivity (ACS) of the base station, SS and mobile station receivers in the 802.16 TDD and CDMA-DS systems and the ability of these receivers to reject power legitimately transmitted
34、 in the adjacent channel. Given the transmitted powers, path losses in the selected scenarios and the ACLR and ACS performances of the base stations, SSs and mobile stations in each system, the effective interference may be calculated. Additionally, the effective interference is also calculated with
35、 and without the benefit of mitigation techniques. This interference is compared with the protection criteria (outlined in 2.4.4 and 2.5.11) to determine whether the systems are adequately protected. Our results are presented in 2.4.5, 2.5 and 2.6. The level of interference received depends on the s
36、pectral “leakage” of the interferers transmitter and the adjacent channel blocking performance of the receiver. For the transmitter, the spectral leakage is characterized by the ACLR, which is defined as the ratio of the transmitted power to the power measured in the adjacent radio frequency (RF) ch
37、annel at the output of a receiver filter. Similarly, the adjacent channel performance of the receiver is characterized by the ACS, which is the ratio of the power level of unwanted ACI to the power level of co-channel interference that produces the same bit error ratio (BER) performance in the recei
38、ver. In order to determine the composite effect of the transmitter and receiver imperfections, the ACLR and ACS values are combined to give a single adjacent channel interference ratio (ACIR) value using the equation (1)5: ACS1ACLR11ACIR+= (1) 2.3 Basic system characteristics Sections 2.4, 2.5 and 2
39、.6 contain analyses of the impact of ACI between a CDMA-DS system and a TDD system, namely, 802.16 TDD, which is based on IEEE 802.16-2004 OFDM/OFDMA and its amendment IEEE 802.16e-20056, 7, and also the impact of ACI between a CDMA-TDD system using smart antennas and an 802.16 TDD system which does
40、 not. First the basic parameters and characteristics of these systems are described. Unless otherwise stated in the text, these are the definitions that are used in the analysis below for System A. 2.3.1 802.16 TDD Regarding IEEE 802.16 systems, both IEEE 802.16-2004 and IEEE 802.16e-2005 are consid
41、ered in the report. The standard IEEE 802.16-2004 addresses fixed broadband wireless access. 53GPP March 2005 Radio frequency (RF) system scenarios. 3GPP TS 25.942 Version 6.4.0. 6IEEE 2004 IEEE 802.16. IEEE standard for local and Metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air interface for fixed broadband
42、 wireless access systems. 7IEEE 802.16. IEEE standard for local and Metropolitan area networks Part 16: Amendments for physical and medium access control layers for combined and mobile operations in licensed bands. IEEE 802.16e-2005. Approved in December 2005 and published in February 2006. Rep. ITU
43、-R M.2113-1 7 The standard IEEE 802.16e-2005 adds support for mobile stations. In this document two scenarios are considered, namely, IEEE 802.16-2004 operating in a fixed scenario (termed “Fixed”) and IEEE 802.16e-2005 only when operating in a nomadic scenario (termed “Nomadic”). The IEEE 802.16 TD
44、D standard supports various channel bandwidths between 1.25 and 20 MHz. This sharing study is based on a 5 MHz nominal channel bandwidth only, and so the ACLR and ACS values and the resulting ACIR and derived isolation values are only valid for a 5 MHz 802.16 TDD system. An 802.16 TDD system with le
45、ss than 5 MHz bandwidth sharing the frequency band with CDMA-DS, would result in more interference (lower ACIR) to DS-CDMA, but less interference (higher ACIR) from CDMA-DS to 802.16 TDD. An 802.16 TDD system with more than 5 MHz bandwidth sharing the frequency band with CDMA-DS, would result in les
46、s interference to DS-CDMA, but more interference from DS-CDMA to 802.16 TDD. The exact numbers are for further study and are not addressed in this Report. When performing sharing studies related to BWA systems, appropriate parameters are given in Report ITU-R M.2116 Characteristics of broadband wire
47、less access systems operating in the land mobile service for use in sharing studies. Parameters for “Fixed” 802.16 TDD were provided by the WiMAX Forum*and considered appropriate for preliminary studies. Parameters for the “fixed” and “nomadic” scenarios are given in Table 28. TABLE 2 802.16 TDD par
48、ameters (Report ITU-R M.2116) SS Base station Fixed Nomadic Max TX power 36 dBm 24 dBm 20 dBm Antenna gain 18 dBi 8 dBi 3 dBi Antenna height 30 m 4 m 1.5 m ACLR 5 MHz(1)53.5 dB 37 dB 33 dB ACLR 10 MHz(1)66 dB 51 dB ACS 5 MHz 70 dB 40 dB ACS 10 MHz 70 dB 59 dB Noise figure 3 dB 5 dB DL/UL ratio 2:1 (
49、1)Defined as the ratio of the on-channel transmitted power to the power transmitted in adjacent channels as measured at the output of the receiver filter, ACLR represents the interference power into a receiver operating in the adjacent channel(s). ACLR_n in the table are ACLR values at n 5-MHz channels away calculated with a receiver filter bandwidth of 4.5 MHz. The IEEE 802.16e standard does not specify ACLR information. These are values provided by the WiMAX Forum specifically with regard to 2 500-2 690 MHz frequenc
