1、 Rec. ITU-R S.1589 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R S.1589 Continuous curves of epfdversus geostationary fixed-satellite service earth station antenna diameter and epfdversus geostationary fixed-satellite service space station antenna beamwidth to indicate the protection afforded by systems complying with the
2、 limits to antennas with diameters other than those in Article 22 of the Radio Regulations (Question ITU-R 231/4) (2002) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that the frequency bands 11-14 GHz and 20-30 GHz are available to systems in the fixed-satellite service (FSS) employing satell
3、ites in both geostationary (GSO) and non-GSO orbits; b) that earth stations in the FSS employing satellites in GSO orbits need to be protected from unacceptable interference by satellites in non-GSO orbits transmitting in the shared frequency bands; c) that in order to provide the requisite protecti
4、on from such interference, the World Radiocommunication Conference (Istanbul, 2000) (WRC-2000) adopted validation single-entry limits on the maximum permissible equivalent power flux-densities (epfd) which satellites in non-GSO orbits may radiate in some frequency bands, for certain specified earth
5、station antenna diameters; d) that the Radiocommunication Bureau (BR) will certify compliance with the maximum permissible downlink epfd (epfd) validation limits only for those earth station antenna diameters specified in Article 22 of the Radio Regulations (RR); e) that as indicated in resolves 3 o
6、f Resolution 137 (WRC-2000) there is a need for GSO FSS network designers to be able to assess the level of interference generated by a non-GSO system meeting the epfdlimits for earth station antennas with diameters other than those specified in RR Article 22; f) that the BR will certify compliance
7、with the maximum permissible uplink epfd (epfd) validation limits only for those reference radiation patterns specified in RR Article 22; g) that as indicated in resolves 3 of Resolution 137 (WRC-2000) there is a need for GSO FSS network designers to be able to assess the level of interference gener
8、ated by a non-GSO system meeting the epfdlimits for space station antenna beamwidths other than those specified in RR Article 22, 2 Rec. ITU-R S.1589 recommends 1 that the methodologies in Annexes 1 and 2 be used within their specified contexts, for the guidance of designers of GSO FSS links on the
9、maximum expected epfd levels for earth station antenna diameters other than those specified in RR Article 22 (see Notes 1 and 2); 2 that the methodology in Annex 3 be used, within its specified context, for the guidance of designers of GSO FSS links on the maximum expected epfd levels for space stat
10、ion antenna beamwidths other than those specified in RR Article 22.NOTE 1 The guidance to the GSO FSS designers is to be taken in this context: the continuous curves provide an approximation of how the regulatory limits of RR Article 22 could appear if they were defined for an arbitrary antenna diam
11、eter. In this respect these continuous curves are intended to provide guidelines on the upper bound of interference that GSO FSS earth stations might receive. NOTE 2 The epfd levels in this Recommendation are referenced to a bandwidth of 40 kHz. To convert to other bandwidths, a correction factor of
12、 10 log(B/40) may be added to the value of epfd, where B is the required bandwidth (kHz). ANNEX 1 Methodology to derive continuous curves of epfdversus GSO FSS earth station antenna diameter in the frequency range 10.7-12.75 GHz (Validation limits in RR Table 22-1A; additional operational limits in
13、RR Table 22-4A1) 1 Introduction RR Article 22 contains limits to the epfd, which may be radiated by non-GSO FSS systems transmitting in the shared frequency bands, in order to protect FSS systems operating in the GSO from unacceptable interference. The epfd limits are defined for a small number of G
14、SO FSS earth station antenna diameters, and it is recognized that designers of GSO FSS networks would need some guidance on the expected levels of interference into antennas with other diameters. This Annex provides such guidance, in the form of continuous curves of epfd, derived from the single-ent
15、ry values for the validation limits and for the additional operational limits in RR Article 22 which apply in the 10.7-12.75 GHz frequency bands. Rec. ITU-R S.1589 3 This Annex covers a subset of the limits defined in RR Article 22. The frequency bands considered are: 10.7-11.7 GHz in all Regions; 1
16、1.7-12.2 GHz in Region 2; 12.2-12.5 GHz in Region 3; 12.5-12.75 GHz in Regions 1 and 3. The values of epfdderived are: referenced to a bandwidth of 40 kHz; applicable to GSO systems with inclination angles less than 2.5; applicable to latitudes below 60; where relevant, applicable after 31 December
17、2005; applicable to antenna diameters in the range 0.6-18 m for the validation limits; applicable to antenna diameters in the range 3-18 m for the additional operational limits. The curves for epfdare derived from curve-fitting to the values tabulated in RR Article 22, and are only intended as best
18、approximations. 2 RR Article 22 validation limits The validation limits for the frequency band 10.7-12.75 GHz are given in Table 1, based on RR Table 22-1A, in terms of the percentage of time during which the epfdlevel may be exceeded. 4 Rec. ITU-R S.1589 TABLE 1 Limits to the epfdradiated by non-GS
19、O FSS systems in certain frequency bands The validation limit reference curves are constructed by linear interpolation between values of epfd(dB) and by logarithmic interpolation between values of percentage of time for which the epfdmay be exceeded. Frequency band (GHz) epfd(dB(W/m2) Percentage of
20、time during which epfdlevel may be exceeded Reference bandwidth (kHz) Reference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern 175.4 174 170.8 165.3 160.4 160 160 100 10 1 0.07 0.009 0.003 0 40 60 cm Recommendation ITU-R S.1428 181.9 178.4 173.4 173 164 161.6 161.4 160.8 160.5 160 160 100 0.5 0.26
21、 0.143 0.046 0.016 0.009 0.003 0.003 0.0007 0 40 1.2 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428 10.7-11.7 in all Regions; 11.7-12.2 in Region 2; 12.2-12.5 in Region 3 and 12.5-12.75 in Regions 1 and 3 190.45 189.45 187.45 182.4 182 168 164 162 160 160 100 10 0.5 0.3 0.145 0.029 0.012 0.005 0.001 0 40 3 m Recomme
22、ndation ITU-R S.1428 195.45 195.45 190 190 172.5 160 160 100 1 0.35 0.29 0.01 0.002 0 40 10 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428 Rec. ITU-R S.1589 5 The additional operational limits for the frequency band 10.7-12.75 GHz are given in Table 2, based on RR Table 22-4A1, in terms of the percentage of time dur
23、ing which the epfdlevel may be exceeded. TABLE 2 Additional operational limits on the epfdradiated by non-GSO FSS systems into 3 m and 10 m GSO FSS earth station antennas 3 Continuous curves for validation limits (RR Table 22-1A) 3.1 Antenna diameters between 0.6 and 10 m Two limits are defined for
24、the values of epfd(dB(W/(m2 40 kHz) which may be exceeded for 0% and 100% of time: )kHz40W/(m(dB0.16020=epfd (1) =100110001001if if 001.0if ),(epfdepfdepfd epfdpepfdDp (4) The function 2, derived from an interpolation between the reference curves, is given by: +=103for3log)()(9125.1)(32.1for2.1log)(
25、)(5130.2)(2.16.0for6.0log)()(3219.3)(),(31032.132.16.02.16.02DDpepfdpepfdpepfdDDpepfdpepfdpepfdDDpepfdpepfdpepfdDpvvvvvvvvv(5) where epfdv0.6( p), epfdv1.2( p), epfdv3( p) and epfdv10(p) are the validation limits in RR Table 22-1A for the respective antenna diameters, interpolated to the appropriate
26、 percentage of time. The resulting value of epfd(dB(W/(m2 40 kHz) for antenna diameters between 0.6 m and 10 m is given by: 106.0for),(),(),(21A122=DDpDpDpepfd (6) 3.2 Antenna diameters between 10 m and 18 m The curves are extrapolated up to an antenna diameter of 18 m by treating the short-term and
27、 long-term components separately. The short-term part of the curve is derived through time-shifting by scaling p by (Dref /D)2, while the long-term part is derived through power-addition of the epfd by adding 20 log(Dref /D). Two intermediate functions, 3and 4, are defined, corresponding to the long
28、-term and short-term parts, respectively: +=DpepfdDpv10log20)(),(103(7) =100),(2104DpepfdDpv(8) Rec. ITU-R S.1589 7 The resulting value for epfd is derived from the short-term curve for increasing time percentages up to the first point at which the curves intersect, and from the long-term curve for
29、higher time percentages. This intersection point is defined in terms of the antenna diameter by: Dpc0182.0000179.01+= (9) The value of epfd(dB(W/(m2 40 kHz) for antenna diameters between 10 m and 18 m is then given by: =1810and100for)(1810and0for)(),(1413A122DppDp,DppDp,Dpepfdcc(10) Figure 1 shows t
30、he RR Table 22-1A limits together with derived values for antenna diameters of 7 m and 16 m, while Fig. 2 illustrates the variation with antenna diameter for the levels of epfdwhich may be exceeded for some example percentages of time. 1589-01205200195190185180175170165160102101101102103104Percentag
31、e of time epfd may be exceededepfd(dB(W/(m2 40kHz)0.6 m (RR Table 22-1A)1.2 m (RR Table 22-1A)3.0 m (RR Table 22-1A)10.0 m (RR Table 22-1A)7 m (derived)FIGURE 1RR Table 22-1A epfdlevels versus percentage of time16 m (derived)8 Rec. ITU-R S.1589 1589-022052001951901851801751701651601816121061484201%1
32、0%Antenna diameter (m)epfd(dB(W/(m240 kHz)0.01%0.1%FIGURE 2RR Table 22-1A epfdlevels versus antenna diameter4 Continuous curves for additional operational limits (RR Table 22-4A1) 4.1 Antenna diameters between 3 m and 10 m First, a function max-opis defined as a linear interpolation between the valu
33、es of the operational limits to epfdcontained in RR Table 22-4A for antenna diameters of 3, 6, 9 and 18 m: =189for)9(22222.05.16596for)6(5.016463for)3(91667.025.161)(DDDDDDDopmax(11) The short-term part of the curve is then given by: DpDDDpopxam027.0045.07)(),(25+=(12) and the long-term part of the
34、curve is obtained from a straightforward interpolation between the two curves for the additional operational limits for 3 m and 10 m diameter antennas: +=3log)()(9125.1)(),(31036DppfdeppfdeppfdeDpAOLAOLAOL(13) where epfdAOL3( p) and epfdAOL10( p) are values of the additional operational limits inter
35、polated logarithmically to the appropriate percentage of time. Rec. ITU-R S.1589 9 The function 5applies only to the short-term part of the curve, at time percentages up to the point at which the two curves intersect, defined by pc2: 57454.4)3(131823.0exp2= Dpc(14) The final curve is defined piecewi
36、se about pc2, and the additional operational limit (dB(W/(m2 40 kHz) for antenna diameters in the range 10-18 m is thus given by: 100for),(0for),(),(),(262651A422=ppDpppDpDpDpepfdcc(15) 4.2 Antenna diameters between 10 m and 18 m An intermediate function 7is defined, which provides the long-term par
37、t of the curve, through an extrapolation from the additional operational limits for the 10 m diameter antenna through power addition of the epfd by adding a factor 20 log(Dref /D): +=DppfdeDpAOL10log20)(),(107(16) This is combined piecewise with the short-term part of the curve defined above, 5, app
38、lied to the antenna diameter range 10 m to 18 m, with the transition between the two curves occurring at the first intersection for p decreasing from 100% (long-term interference) to 0% (short-term interference), pc3, which depends on the antenna diameter: 000817.00523.03=Dpc(17) The additional oper
39、ational limit (dB(W/(m2 40 kHz) for antenna diameters in the range 10-18 m is then given by: =1810and100for),(1810and0for),(),(37351A422DppDpDppDpDpepfdcc(18) The additional operational limits are shown in Fig. 3 together with examples of the derived limits for antenna diameters of 6 m and 16 m, and
40、 Fig. 4 shows the derived additional operational limits as functions of antenna diameter for some example percentages of time. 10 Rec. ITU-R S.1589 1589-03210200190180170150102101101102103104160Percentage of time epfd may be exceededepfd(dB(W/(m240 kHz)3 m (RR Tables 22-1A/22-4A1)6 m (derived)FIGURE
41、 3RR Table 22-4A1 epfdlevels versus percentage of time10 m (RR Tables 22-1A/22-4A1)16 m (derived)1589-0420520019519018518017517016516012119861075431%13 14 15 16Antenna diameter (m)epfd(dB(W/(m240 kHz)0.001%0.01%FIGURE 4RR Table 22-4A1 epfdlevels versus antenna diameter0.1%Rec. ITU-R S.1589 11 ANNEX
42、2 Methodology to derive continuous curves of epfdversus GSO FSS earth station antenna diameter in the frequency bands 17.8-18.6 and 19.7-20.2 GHz (Validation limits in RR Table 22-1B and RR Table 22-1C) 1 Introduction This Annex covers the subset of the limits defined in RR Article 22 in RR Tables 2
43、2-1B and 22-1C. The frequency bands considered are: 17.8-18.6 GHz in all Regions 19.7-20.2 GHz in all Regions The values of epfdderived are: referenced to a bandwidth of 40 kHz; applicable to GSO systems with inclination angles less than 2.5; applicable to latitudes below 60; where relevant, applica
44、ble after 31 December 2005; applicable to antenna diameters in the range: 1-5 m for the 17.8-18.6 GHz band, and 0.7-5 m for the 19.7-20.2 GHz band. The curves for epfdare derived from curve-fitting to the values tabulated in RR Article 22, and are only intended as best approximations. 12 Rec. ITU-R
45、S.1589 2 RR Article 22 validation limits in the frequency bands 17.8-18.6 GHz and 19.7-20.2 GHz The validation limits for the frequency band 17.8-18.6 GHz are given from RR Table 22-1B in Table 3, in terms of the percentage of time during which the epfdlevel may be exceeded: TABLE 3 Limits to the ep
46、fdradiated by non-GSO FSS systems in the 17.8-18.6 GHz frequency band Frequency band (GHz) epfd(dB(W/m2) Percentage of time during which epfdlevel may be exceeded Reference bandwidth (kHz) Reference antenna diameter and reference radiation pattern 175.4 175.4 172.5 167 164 164 100 10 1 0.286 0.029 0
47、 40 1 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428 178.4 178.4 171.4 170.5 166 164 164 100 0.6 0.1 0.087 0.029 0.023 0 40 2 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428 17.8-18.6 185.4 185.4 180 180 172 164 164 100 0.2 0.2 0.057 0.057 0.002 0 40 5 m Recommendation ITU-R S.1428 Rec. ITU-R S.1589 13 The validation limits for the f
48、requency band 19.7-20.2 GHz are given from RR Table 22-1C in Table 4, in terms of the percentage of time during which the epfdlevel may be exceeded: TABLE 4 Limits to the epfdradiated by non-GSO FSS systems in the 19.7-20.2 GHz frequency band The validation limit reference curves are constructed by linear interpolation between values of epfd(dB) and by logarithmic interpolation between values of percentage of time for which the epfdmay be exceeded. Frequency band (GHz) epfd (dB(W/m2) Percentage of time during wh
