1、 Recommendation ITU-R SA.1026-5 (07/2017) Aggregate interference criteria for space-to-Earth data transmission systems operating in the Earth exploration-satellite and meteorological-satellite services using satellites in low-Earth orbit SA Series Space applications and meteorology ii Rec. ITU-R SA.
2、1026-5 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which
3、Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is describ
4、ed in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation o
5、f the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Also available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for t
6、elevision BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF
7、Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time signals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure det
8、ailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2017 ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R SA.1026-5 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1026-5 Aggregate interference criteria for space-to
9、-Earth data transmission systems operating in the Earth exploration-satellite and meteorological-satellite services using satellites in low-Earth orbit (Questions ITU-R 139/7 and ITU-R 141/7) (1994-1995-1997-1999-2009-2017) Scope The purpose of this Recommendation is to provide aggregate interferenc
10、e criteria for space-to-Earth transmissions from low-Earth orbiting satellites, applying to both the Earth exploration-satellite and the meteorological-satellite services. Keywords EESS, METSAT, non-GSO satellites, aggregate interference criteria Related Recommendations and Reports Recommendations I
11、TU-R SA.514, ITU-R SA.1020, ITU-R SA.1021, ITU-R SA.1022, ITU-R SA.1023, ITU-R SA.1027, ITU-R SA.1159 The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that the hypothetical reference system specified in Recommendation ITU-R SA.1020 defines space-to-Earth links for a number of functions, including
12、 the direct readout of data and playback of recorded data; b) that interference criteria are needed to ensure that systems can be designed to achieve adequate performance in the presence of interference and to assist in developing criteria for sharing bands among systems, including those operating i
13、n other services; c) that spacecraft operating in the Earth exploration-satellite and meteorological-satellite services may utilize low-Earth orbits; d) that performance objectives for the relevant space-to-Earth data transmission systems operating in the Earth exploration-satellite and meteorologic
14、al-satellite services are specified in Recommendation ITU-R SA.1159 for several frequency bands; e) that, although specific data transmission systems may have performance objectives that differ from those recommended for the Earth exploration-satellite and meteorological-satellite services, all syst
15、ems operating in those services should accommodate interference criteria greater than or equal to the permissible levels of interference that are recommended for the services; f) that interference criteria for data transmission systems in the Earth exploration-satellite and meteorological-satellite
16、services are derived by using the methods in Recommendation ITU-R SA.1022; 2 Rec. ITU-R SA.1026-5 g) that Annex 1 presents the parameters of representative systems that provide the basis for interference criteria for space-to-Earth transmissions in the Earth exploration-satellite and meteorological-
17、satellite services in some frequency bands, recommends 1 that the interference criteria for the frequency bands specified in Table 1 should be used as the permissible aggregate levels of interfering signal power at the antenna output of earth stations operating in the Earth exploration-satellite and
18、 meteorological-satellite services with satellites in low-Earth orbit; TABLE 1 Interference criteria for Earth exploration-satellite and meteorological-satellite earth stations using spacecraft in low-Earth-orbit (see Notes 1, 2, 3, 4) Frequency band Interfering signal power (dBW) in the reference b
19、andwidth to be exceeded no more than 20% of the time Interfering signal power (dBW) in the reference bandwidth to be exceeded no more than 0.0125% of the time. (This value is based on the 99.9% performance requirement in Recommendation ITU-R SA.1159 ) 137-138 MHz 142 dBW per 150 kHz(1) 136 dBW per 1
20、50 kHz(1) 400.15-401.00 MHz 157 dBW per 177.5 kHz 147 dBW per 177.5 kHz 1 698-1 710 MHz 146 dBW per 2 668 kHz 138 dBW per 2 668 kHz 7 750-7 900 MHz 144 dBW per 10 MHz 127 dBW per 10 MHz 8 025-8 400 MHz 147 dBW per 10 MHz 133 dBW per 10 MHz 25.5-27.0 GHz 140 dBW per 10 MHz 116 dBW per 10 MHz (1) The
21、interfering signal powers (dBW) in the reference bandwidths are specified for reception at elevation angles 25; in all other cases the minimum elevation angle is 5. Notes to Table 1 NOTE 1 The aggregate interfering signal power level that may be exceeded for no more than x% of the time, where x is l
22、ess than 20% but greater than the specified short-term time percentage (0.0125% of the time), may be determined by interpolation between the specified values using a logarithmic scale (base 10) for percentage of time and a linear scale for interfering signal power density (dB). NOTE 2 The interferen
23、ce criteria are specified with respect to the percentage of time of reception by the earth station. Thus, receiver performance statistics associated with reception from one particular satellite (i.e. cumulative distribution of bit error rate (BER) are the same as the statistics for reception from se
24、veral similar satellites. The total time of reception includes time periods associated with initial signal acquisition (i.e. before and during local ascension of the satellite), receiver synchronization of the data, and synchronized reception of data. Consequently, because the time required for init
25、ial signal acquisition and synchronization may constitute up to several tens of seconds out of total satellite visibility periods averaging on the order of nine minutes, the analyses of short-term performance that are presented in Annex 1 (i.e. performance exceeded for all but a small percentage of
26、time p, p 1%) assume that the satellite is located at the minimum elevation angle associated with the applicable performance objective. This yields the BER performance exceeded for all but p% of the time because Eb/N0 and BER are monotonically related to elevation angle. Rec. ITU-R SA.1026-5 3 Notes
27、 to Table 1 (end): NOTE 3 The elevation angle exceeded for all but 20% of the time during reception is approximated well by the angle exceeded for all but 20% of the time that the satellite is visible above the minimum elevation angle specified in the performance objective. This approximation is mad
28、e in the performance analyses presented in Annex 1 because the underlying cumulative time error cannot exceed 1% (i.e. p% of the time) and the associated total error in satellite antenna gain, free space loss, excess path loss, and earth station parameter values are negligible. The resulting elevati
29、on angle that is exceeded for all but 20% of the time of reception yields the BER performance exceeded for all but 20% of the time because Eb/N0 and BER are monotonically related to elevation angle. NOTE 4 For frequency bands other than those of Table 1, the interference criterion of Recommendation
30、ITU-R SA.514 is applicable. Annex 1 Basis for determination of interference criteria 1 Introduction This Annex presents, on a band-by-band basis, the parameters used with the methodology of Recommendation ITU-R SA.1022 in the derivation of interference criteria for the Earth exploration-satellite an
31、d meteorological-satellite services using the performance objectives specified in Recommendation ITU-R SA.1159. The performance analyses for a number of reference systems are summarized in Table 2. In all cases, the representative systems utilize satellites in highly-inclined circular orbits. It sho
32、uld be noted that in Table 2 and 2 to 7 below, the terms Mmin, Mmin (long-term) and Mmin (short-term) are to be understood in the sense of the methodology described in Recommendation ITU-R SA.1022, i.e. “the smallest interference-free margin for which the victim system must be fully protected”. It s
33、hould not be taken as representative for all EESS and METSAT systems, in particular those in Table 2, among of which certain systems present lower power margins. 4 Rec. ITU-R SA.1026-5 TABLE 2 Performance analyses used as a basis for interference criteria Frequency band (MHz) 137-138 Type of earth s
34、tation Low gain earth station (APT) (system A) Tracking earth station (LRPT) (system B) Low gain earth station (LRPT) (system C) Percentage of time for link margin not met, p 0.05 20 0.05 20 0.05 20 Elevation angle (exceeded for p) 25 30 5 13 25 30 Satellite antenna input power (dBW) 4.9 6.8 6.8 Sat
35、ellite antenna gain (dBic) 0.7 1.1 1.2 0.5 0.7 1.1 Satellite e.i.r.p. (dBW) 5.6 6.0 5.6 6.3 7.5 7.9 Free space loss (dB) 139.4 138.5 144.3 142.2 139.4 138.5 Excess path loss (dB) 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 Earth station antenna gain (dBic) 2.0 10.0 10.0 2.0 Antenna mispointing loss (dB) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Polariz
36、ation mismatch loss (dB) 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Modulator and demodulator losses (dB) 0.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 Receiver reference bandwidth (kHz) 50 150 150 Data rate (dB-Hz) 45.7 occupied bandwidth 48.6 48.6 Received energy per bit, Eb (dB(W/Hz) 179.2 (C0) 177.9 (C0) 180.9 178.1 182.1 180.8 Receiver system noise t
37、emperature (K) 2 520 1 750 1 750 Thermal noise power density (dB(W/Hz) 194.6 196.2 196.2 Non-thermal receiver noise power density (dB(W/Hz) Total internal noise power density, N0 (dB(W/Hz) 194.6 196.2 196.2 Eb/N0 (dB) 15.4(C0/N0) 16.7(C0/N0) 15.3 18.1 14.1 15.4 Link bit-error ratio 1010 1010 Overall
38、 received bit-error ratio 1010 1010 Threshold Eb/N0 (or C/N) (dB) 12.0 6.5 6.5 Power margin (dB) 3.4 4.7 8.8 11.6 7.6 8.9 q factor (lt: long-term, st: short-term) 0.5 (lt) 1 (st) 0.6 (lt) 1 (st) 0.6 (lt) 1 (st) Mmin (dB) 0.8 1.2 1.2 Percentage of time for interference criteria 20 0.0125 20 0.0125 20
39、 0.0125 Interference criteria dBW in reference bandwidth 151 145 141 133 142 136 Rec. ITU-R SA.1026-5 5 TABLE 2 (continued) Frequency band (MHz) 400.15-401.00 1 698-1 710 Type of earth station or type of transmission Non-tracking antenna (omnidirectional) (system A) Direct Data readout (system A) Di
40、rect data readout (system B) Percentage of time for link margin not met, p 0.05 20 0.05 20 0.05 20 Elevation angle (exceeded for p) 5 13 5 13 5 13 Satellite antenna input power (dBW) 11.1 6.1 6.1 Satellite antenna gain (dBic) 0.0 0.0 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.0 Satellite e.i.r.p. (dBWi) 11.1 11.1 8.2 8.1 8.2 8.
41、1 Free space loss (dB) 153.6 151.4 166.3 164.0 166.3 164.0 Excess path loss (dB) 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.2 Earth station antenna gain (dBic) 0.0 46.8 29.8 Antenna mispointing loss (dB) 0.0 0.5 0.5 Polarization mismatch loss (dB) 0.3 0.2 0.5 Modulator and demodulator losses (dB) 2.0 2.7 2.7 Receiver reference
42、bandwidth (kHz) 177.5 5 334 2 668 Data rate (dB-Hz) 49.5 64.2 58.2 Received energy per bit, Eb (dB(W/Hz) 194.5 192.3 179.1 176.7 190.4 188.2 Receiver system noise temperature (K) 400 320 210 370 240 Thermal noise power density (dB(W/Hz) 202.6 203.5 205.4 202.9 204.8 Non-thermal receiver noise power
43、density (dB(W/Hz) 211.7 202.4 204.2 Total internal noise power density N0 (dB(W/Hz) 202.1 199.9 200.6 200.5 201.5 Eb/N0 (dB) 7.6 9.8 20.8 23.9 10.1 13.3 Link bit-error ratio 108 1010 1012 6 105 109 Satellite data handling error ratio 5 107 Overall received bit-error ratio 108 1010 5 107 6 105 109 Th
44、reshold Eb/N0 (dB) 5.5 5.5 11.2 10.5 10.5 Power margin (dB) 2.1 4.3 9.6 12.7 0.4 2.8 q factor (lt: long-term, st: short-term) 0.33 (lt) 1 (st) 0.6 (lt) 1 (st) 0.33 (lt) 1 (st) Mmin (dB) 1.2 1.2 1.2 Percentage of time for interference criteria 20 0.0125 20 0.0125 20 0.0125 Interference criteria dBW i
45、n reference bandwidth 157 147 128 121 146 138 6 Rec. ITU-R SA.1026-5 TABLE 2 (continued) Frequency band (MHz) 1 698-1 710 7 750-7 900 Type of earth station or type of transmission Direct data readout (system C) Recorded data playback (system A) Direct data readout (system B) Percentage of time for l
46、ink margin not met, p 0.05 20 0.05 20 0.05 20 Elevation angle (exceeded for p) 5 8 5 13 5 8 Satellite antenna input power (dBW) 9.9 6.5 16.3 Satellite antenna gain (dBic) 3.2 3.2 6.0 5.8 4.0 4.1 Satellite e.i.r.p. (dBWi) 13.1 13.0 12.5 12.3 20.3 20.4 Free space loss (dB) 166.1 164.0 179.5 177.3 179.
47、4 177.2 Excess path loss (dB) 0.2 0.2 3.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Earth station antenna gain (dBic) 22.5 55.2 41.7 Antenna mispointing loss (dB) 0.5 0.5 0.5 Polarization mismatch loss (dB) 0.5 0.2 0.5 Modulator and demodulator losses (dB) 2.5 2.0 2.5 Receiver reference bandwidth (MHz) 6.0 10 10 Data rate (dB-Hz
48、) 65.3 78.5 72.4 Received energy per bit Eb (dB(W/Hz) 199.6 197.5 196.4 191.5 193.8 191.5 Receiver system noise temperature (K) 80 70 180 150 115 95 Thermal noise power density (dB(W/Hz) 209.6 210.1 206.0 206.8 208.0 208.8 Eb/N0 (dB) 10.0 12.7 9.6 15.4 14.2 17.3 Link bit-error ratio 108 107 108 Thre
49、shold Eb/N0 (dB) 3.6 7.20 4.1 Power margin (dB) 6.4 9.1 2.40 8.2 10.1 13.2 q factor (lt: long-term. st: short-term) 0.33 (lt) 1 (st) 0.1 (lt) 1 (st) 0.1 (lt) 1 (st) Mmin (dB) 4.5 4.5 4.5 Percentage of time for interference criteria 20 0.0125 20 0.0125 20 0.0125 Interference criteria dBW in reference bandwidth 144 134 146 129 144 126 Rec. ITU-R SA.1026-5 7 TABLE 2 (continued) Frequency band (MHz) 7 750-7 900 Type
