1、 Recommendation ITU-R SA.1414-2 (07/2017) Characteristics of data relay satellite systems SA Series Space applications and meteorology ii Rec. ITU-R SA.1414-2 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency
2、spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunica
3、tion Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent st
4、atements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http:/www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Recommendations (Als
5、o available online at http:/www.itu.int/publ/R-REC/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related sat
6、ellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management SNG Satellite news gathering TF Time sig
7、nals and frequency standards emissions V Vocabulary and related subjects Note: This ITU-R Recommendation was approved in English under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2017 ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any
8、 means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-R SA.1414-2 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1414-2 Characteristics of data relay satellite systems (Question ITU-R 118/7) (1999-2013-2017) Scope This Recommendation provides parameters for data relay satellite (DRS) systems worldwide to be use
9、d as guidance for deriving sharing criteria and coordination thresholds. Keywords DRS, space-to-Earth, Earth-to-space, space-to-space, forward feeder link, return feeder link Related ITU-R Recommendations Recommendations ITU-R SA.510, ITU-R SA.1018, ITU-R SA.1019, ITU-R SA.1155, ITU-R SA.1274, ITU-R
10、 SA.1275, ITU-R SA.1276 The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a) that data relay satellite (DRS) systems operate as described in Recommendation ITU-R SA.1018 Hypothetical reference system for systems comprising data relay satellites in the geostationary orbit and user spacecraft in low-Ea
11、rth orbits; b) that there is an increase in mission requirements and in space research activity conducted particularly in low-Earth orbit; c) that DRS provide support to many programmes/missions in the space research service and are vital to supporting both manned and unmanned space research telecom
12、munications; d) that it is necessary to establish relevant criteria for sharing between DRS systems and other services operating in co-frequency bands; e) that the technical characteristics of representative DRS systems need to be considered in order to derive relevant sharing criteria, recommends 1
13、 that the characteristics of DRS systems, as described in Annex, may be used in interference sharing studies; 2 that the information provided in Annex should also be used as guidance for deriving sharing criteria and coordination thresholds as appropriate for DRS systems. 2 Rec. ITU-R SA.1414-2 Anne
14、x Characteristics of existing Data Relay Satellite (DRS) systems TABLE 1 Forward Earth-to-DRS feeder link characteristics Transmitting earth station Network Russian Federation United States of America Europe Japan China Location Russian Federation(1) United States of America(1) Europe Japan China Fr
15、equency range (GHz) Ku=14.5-15.34 Ka=27.5-28.6 selectable 14.6-15.25 selectable Selectable 27.5-27.51 29.5-31 selectable 29.4-30.2 selectable Link description Forward feeder-links Ku/Ka-bands(5) Composite(2) Decentralized(3) Decentralized (3), (4) Composite(7) Transmission rate 90 Mbit/s 25 Mbit/s 1
16、 Mbit/s 50 Mbit/s 100 Mbit/s Modulation QPSK/SSM(6), QPSK PSK PSK PSK PSK Polarization Left-hand circular Linear Circular Circular Linear Antenna size (m) 13.1(Ku)/9 (Ka) 18.3 6.8 5, 9.2 and 13 3, 12 and 15 Tx antenna gain (dBi) 63.3 (Ku)/66.4 (Ka) 66.4 59.3 63, 68.2 and 71.4 56.9, 68.2 and 70.1 Tx
17、antenna radiation pattern Rec. ITU-R S.580 RR Appendix 8, Annex III Necessary bandwidth (MHz) 80 per channel 650 (composite) 1 978 (composite) 800 (composite) Maximum power spectral density (dB(W/Hz) 52.8 (Ku)/-52 (Ka) 58 36 32.5 47 Maximum e.i.r.p. spectral density (dB(W/Hz) 10.5 (Ku)/14.4 (Ka) 8.8
18、 23.3 38.9 23.1 Receiving DRS Orbital locations Rec. ITU-R SA.1275 or Rec. ITU-R SA.1276 and 31 E (for Europe) Antenna size (m) 0.6 (Ku)/1.2 (Ka) 1.8 2.2(8) 2.0 1.5 Rx antenna gain (dBi) 36 (Ku)/49.6 (Ka) 47.0 34(8) 53 49.5 Rx antenna radiation pattern Rec. ITU-R S.672 System noise temperature (K) 5
19、50 977 438 890 and 579 1 318 Link availability (%) 99.9 99.9 99.6 99.9 99.9 Interference criterion Rec. ITU-R SA.1155 Rec. ITU-R SA.1414-2 3 Notes to Table 1: (1) The earth stations for the Russian Federation network are located within the territory of the Russian Federation. The earth stations for
20、the United States of America network are located in White Sands (New Mexico), Blossom Point (Maryland) and Guam. The coordinates of the stations are: 32.5 N, 106.60 W for White Sands; 38.43 N, 77.08 W for Blossom Point; and 13.62 N, 144.86 E for Guam. (2) The composite link for the United States of
21、America network is composed of seven channels: One DRS command and ranging channel, one DRS pilot tone signal, one S-band (2 GHz) multiple access (S-MA) link, two S-band single access (S-SA) links and two Ku-band (14/11 GHz and 30/20 GHz) single access (K-SA) links. (3) The European DRS ground syste
22、m consists currently of 4 earth stations, including the TT RHC right-hand circular. Rec. ITU-R SA.1414-2 5 TABLE 2 (end) Receiving spacecraft Network Russian Federation China United States of America Europe Japan United States of America Russian Federation China Russian Federation United States of A
23、merica Europe Japan United States of America China Russian Federation Orbital locations Mainly low-Earth orbit Frequency range (GHz) 2.025-2.110(3) 2.090-2.098 2.103-2.110 2.025-2.110(1) 13.4-13.8 13.750-13.800 22.55-23.55 Antenna size (m) Omnidirectional, arrays Omnidirectional, arrays, parabolic =
24、 1.5 Omnidi-rectional, arrays, parabolic 0.8 1.2 (4) 1.3 0.8 1 Rx antenna gain (dBi) 1.5 / 7.2 1.5 27.3 27.1 27.3 11 15 40.8 50 48.9 47 43 45.2 Rx antenna radiation pattern Rec. ITU-R S.672 for high gain antenna Rec. ITU-R S.672 System noise temperature (K) 600 1 000 Required Eb/N0 (dB) 10.6 9.5 9.5
25、 9.5 10.5 9.5 10.6 9.5 10.6 9.5 2.8 10.8 9.5 9.5 9.5 Required BER 1 106 1 106 1 105 1 106 1 106 1 105 1 106 1 106 1 106 1 105 1 109 1 105 1 106 1 106 Link reliability (%) 99.9 99.9 99.99 99.9 99.9 99.99 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.6 99.9 99.9 99.9 Interference criterion Rec. ITU-R SA.1155 SQPN: Staggered
26、 quadriphase pseudo-random noise; SSM: Spread-spectrum modulation. (1) Transmit frequency is selectable in 5 MHz steps, 500 221/240 kHz steps for the Russian Federation DRS, 1 MHz steps for Chinese DRS. (2) Signals with low data rate transmissions will be spread by a pseudo-random noise code so as t
27、o meet pfd limits. (3) For the Russian Federation DRS transmit frequency is selectable in 500 221/240 kHz steps. (4) Since a single antenna is used on the non-geostationary spacecraft for both the forward and return link, the antenna size is driven by the required bit rate on the return link and may
28、 therefore vary according to the spacecraft. 6 Rec. ITU-R SA.1414-2 TABLE 3 Return spacecraft-to-DRS link characteristics Transmitting spacecraft Network Russian Federation China United States of America Europe Japan United States of America China Russian Federation Russian Federation United States
29、of America Europe Japan United States of America China Russian Federation Orbital locations Mainly low-Earth orbit Frequency range (GHz) 2.200-2.290(3) 2.270-2.278 2.284-2.291 2.200-2.290(1) 14.76-15.34 14.891-15.116 25.25-27.50 Link description Multiple access (S-MA) links Single access (S-SA) link
30、s Single access (Ku-SA) links Single access (Ka-SA) links Transmission rate 1 kbit/s 300 kbit/s 3 Mcps 3 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s 12 Mbit/s 6 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 64 kbit/s 90 Mbit/s 300 Mbit/s 300 Mbit/s 300 Mbit/s 800 Mbit/s 600 Mbit/s 600 Mbit/s Modulation QPSK/SSM PSK SQPN/PSK(2) PSK QPSK/SSM QPSK PSK OQPSK P
31、SK PSK PSK MPSK Polarization RHC LHC LHC Circular RHC RHC Circular Antenna size (m) Omnidirectional, arrays Omnidirectional, arrays, parabolic 1.5 Omnidi-rectional, arrays, parabolic = 0.8 Omnidi-rectional, arrays, parabolic = 1.5 1.2 1.5 (3) 1.9 1.5 0.8 1 Tx antenna gain (dBi) 1.5 / 7.2 11 15 27.3
32、27.6 27.3 15 11 42.2 50 49.7 47 44.5 46.1 Tx antenna radiation pattern Rec. ITU-R S.672 for high gain antenna Rec. ITU-R S.672 Necessary bandwidth (MHz) 6 8 6 6 20 6 20 6 80 per channel 225 405 per channel 300 650 600 300(4) Maximum power spectral density (dB(W/Hz) 55.8 46 60.8 51 55.7 60.8 46 55.8
33、71.5 73.5 58.5 58.8 67.5 50 -68.3 Maximum e.i.r.p. spectral density (dB(W/Hz) Compliant with pfd limits 29.3 30.5 8.5 9.1 20.5 5.5 -22.2 Rec. ITU-R SA.1414-2 7 TABLE 3 (end) Receiving DRS Network Russian Federation China United States of America Europe Japan United States of America China Russian Fe
34、deration Russian Federation United States of America Europe Japan United States of America China Russian Federation Orbital locations Rec. ITU-R SA.1275 or Rec. ITU-R SA.1276 Frequency range (GHz) 2.200-2.290(1) 2.270-2.278 2.284-2.291 2.200-2.290(1) 14.76-15.34 14.891-15.116 25.25-27.50 Antenna siz
35、e (m) Horn Phased array 2.8 3.6 4.9 4.2 4 4 4.9 1.3 3.6 4.9 4.2 4 Rx antenna gain (dBi) 14.8 27 30.0 34.7 37.2 36.8 36.5 35.7 52.6 52.6 49.0 58.8 55.9 57.5 57.4 Rx antenna radiation pattern Rec. ITU-R S.672 System noise temperature (K) 450 741 478 590 404 537 741 550 550 661 800 475 870 1 000 550 Li
36、nk reliability (%) 99.9 99.9 99.99 99.9 99.99 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.9 99.6 99.9 99.9 99.9 Interference criterion Rec. ITU-R SA.1155 (1) Transmit frequency is selectable in 5 MHz steps for United States of America DRS, 100 kHz steps for Japanese DRS, 500 kHz for the Russian Federation DRS, 1 MHz steps fo
37、r Chinese DRS. (2) Signals with low data rate transmissions will be spread by a pseudo-random noise code so as to meet pfd limits. (3) Since a single antenna is used on the non-geostationary spacecraft for both the forward and return link, the antenna size is driven by the required bit rate on the r
38、eturn link and may therefore vary according to the spacecraft. (4) Return spacecraft-to-DRS composite link consists of several sub-channels 150 MHz wide. 8 Rec. ITU-R SA.1414-2 TABLE 4 Return DRS-to-Earth feeder link characteristics Transmitting DRS Network Russian Federation United States of Americ
39、a Europe Japan China Russian Federation Orbital locations Rec. ITU-R SA.1275 or Rec. ITU-R SA.1276 and 31 E (for Europe) Frequency range (GHz) 10.7-11.7, 12.5-12.75 13.4-14.05 18.1-21.2 25.5-27(5) 19.7-21.2 18.9-21.2 17.7-21.2 Link description Ku-band (14/11 GHz) return feeder Ku-band (14/11 GHz) re
40、turn feeder Ka-band (30/20 GHz) return feeder Transmission rate (Mbit/s) 150(3) (1) (2) (2) (4) 600 Modulation QPSK, QPSK/SSM PSK NRZ-L/BPSK/PM OQPSK SQPN/PSK PSK MPSK Polarization RHC Linear Circular Circular Linear Circular Antenna size (m) 0.6 2 2.2(6) 2.2(6) 2.0 1.5 1.2 Tx antenna gain (dBi) 34.
41、3 44.8 39(6) 39(6) 49.5 46.4 45.9 Tx antenna radiation pattern Rec. ITU-R S.672 Necessary bandwidth (MHz) 150 per channel 650 (composite), 225 (dedicated) 1 450 per channel 839 2 (composite) 300(7) (composite) Maximum power spectral density (dB(W/Hz) 57.5 58.6 63 71.3 40.9 57.1 69.6 Maximum e.i.r.p.
42、 density (dB(W/Hz) 23.2 13.8 24 31.6 8.6 10.7 23.7 Receiving earth station Location Russian Federation United States of America Europe Japan China Russian Federation Antenna size (m) 13.1 18.3 6.8 6.8 5, 9.2 and 13 3, 12 and 15 9 Rx antenna gain (dBi) 61.3 65.5 62.2 62.8, 64.2 59.5, 67.7 53.4, 65.5
43、and 67.1 62.7 Rx antenna radiation pattern Rec. ITU-R S.580 RR Appendix 8, Annex III Rec. ITU-R S.580 System noise temperature (K) 320 300 320 300 200 330 320 Link availability (%) 99.9 99.9 99.89 99.89 99.9 99.9 Interference criterion Rec. ITU-R SA.1155, Rec. ITU-R S.741 Rec. ITU-R SA.1155 Rec. ITU
44、-R SA.1414-2 9 Notes to Table 4: (1) The United States of America DRS transmits a dedicated and a composite link. Transmission rate for the dedicated link is 300 Mbit/s, for the composite link the transmission rate is on the order of 800 Mbit/s. (2) The European and Japanese networks employ a decent
45、ralized link concept that permits independent return feeder links to different earth station. (3) The Russian Federation DRS transmits several independent return feeder links within the indicated frequency range with transmission rates 150 Mbits/s. (4) The Chinese networks implement a composite link
46、 concept that permits return feeder links to different earth stations. (5) In the frequency band 25.5-27 GHz, the return DRS-to-Earth feeder link carries signals in the space research and Earth exploration-satellite services. (6) The antenna is a shaped antenna. (7) The Russian Federation DRS Return DRS-to-Earth Feeder composite link consists of several sub-channels 150 MHz wide.
