1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T D.53 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2016) SERIES D: TARIFF AND ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION/ICT ECONOMIC AND POLICY ISSUES General tariff principles Principles applicable to
2、 GII-Internet International aspects of universal service Recommendation ITU-T D.53 ITU-T D-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TARIFF AND ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES AND INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION/ICT ECONOMIC AND POLICY ISSUES TERMS AND DEFINITIONS D.0 GENERAL TARIFF PRINCIPLES Private leased telecommunication f
3、acilities D.1D.9 Tariff principles applying to data communication services over dedicated public data networks D.10D.39 Charging and accounting in the international public telegram service D.40D.44 Charging and accounting in the international telemessage service D.45D.49 Principles applicable to GII
4、-Internet D.50D.59 Charging and accounting in the international telex service D.60D.69 Charging and accounting in the international facsimile service D.70D.75 Charging and accounting in the international videotex service D.76D.79 Charging and accounting in the international phototelegraph service D.
5、80D.89 Charging and accounting in the mobile services D.90D.99 Charging and accounting in the international telephone service D.100D.159 Drawing up and exchange of international telephone and telex accounts D.160D.179 International sound- and television-programme transmissions D.180D.184 Charging an
6、d accounting for international satellite services D.185D.189 Transmission of monthly international accounting information D.190D.191 Service and privilege telecommunications D.192D.195 Settlement of international telecommunication balances of accounts D.196D.209 Charging and accounting principles fo
7、r international telecommunication services provided over the ISDN D.210D.260 Economic and policy factors relevant to the efficient provision of international telecommunication services D.261D.269 Charging and accounting principles for next generation networks (NGN) D.270D.279 Charging and accounting
8、 principles for universal personal telecommunication D.280D.284 Charging and accounting principles for intelligent network supported services D.285D.299 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REGIONAL APPLICATION Recommendations applicable in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin D.300D.399 Recommendations applicable in
9、Latin America D.400D.499 Recommendations applicable in Asia and Oceania D.500D.599 Recommendations applicable to the African Region D.600D.699 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T D.53 (10/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T D.53 International aspects of univer
10、sal service Summary Recommendation ITU-T D.53, while recognizing the sovereign right of Member States to define and regulate their universal service/access policies, proposes general outlines to guide governments and regulators in their tasks and management functions regarding universal service fund
11、s in a globalized digital environment. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T D.53 2016-10-25 3 11.1002/1000/12827 Keywords Availability, cost, IIC, internet, universal service, universal service funds, USF. _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handl
12、e.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T D.53 (10/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of tele
13、communications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing teleco
14、mmunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the pr
15、ocedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a te
16、lecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of
17、 these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
18、ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU me
19、mbers or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may
20、not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T D.53
21、 (10/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Abbreviations and acronyms 1 4 Principles of universal service 1 4.1 Concept of universal service 1 4.2 Identification of external forces that determine the success of universal service projects . 2 4.3 How universal service projec
22、ts can help address capacity constraints associated with international Internet connectivity 2 5 Universal service in a global context 2 6 Guidelines for increasing the effectiveness of, and compliance with, universal service policies 2 iv Rec. ITU-T D.53 (10/2016) Introduction Member States have ta
23、ken historically and even today different approaches to universal service as seen in the “Universal service fund and digital inclusion for all study,“ published by ITU in 2013. The success of the different Member States in managing their universal service projects has relied mainly, amongst other th
24、ings, on the ability of regulation and universal service policy to adapt to changing conditions and market technology. In that sense, those regulatory frameworks that are flexible enough to adapt to rapid technological and market developments have allowed governments and regulators to conduct effect
25、ive universal service projects, for example, including broadband as not only a target of universal service, but as the main control variable given the undeniable role of broadband as a catalyst for economic growth in nation states. As broadband is a factor that depends not only on internal condition
26、s of each state, but rather is of a highly international nature, it should be understood that currently, the success of universal service policies that are key to broadband development, are heavily influenced by these external conditions that are uncontrollable for each state. Rec. ITU-T D.53 (10/20
27、16) 1 Recommendation ITU-T D.53 International aspects of universal service1 1 Scope This Recommendation proposes general principles to guide Member States, relevant government agencies and regulators in their tasks and management functions regarding universal service funds in the context of global i
28、ntegration, where the objectives of universal service policies depend not only on internal factors, but are also influenced and conditioned by uncontrollable external conditions. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this
29、 text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editi
30、on of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T D.50 Recommendation ITU-T
31、 D.50 (2011), International Internet connection. 3 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: IIC International Internet Connectivity IRU Indefeasible Right of Use IXP Internet Exchange Point 4 Principles of universal service 4.1 Concept of universa
32、l service It has broadly been recognized that universal service has three main tenets: Availability: The level of service should be identical for all users anywhere and at any time. Affordability: The price of the service should not be prohibitively high so as to have a negative impact on access. Ac
33、cessibility: Subscribers should be treated equally in terms of service, price, quality of service, wherever and whenever they access the service. _ 1 In accordance with clause 9.5.4 of WTSA Resolution 1, it was requested that the following reservations be appended to this Recommendation: The followi
34、ng country has expressed a reservation with respect to this Recommendation: Australia The following countries have expressed a reservation and will not apply this Recommendation: Canada and United States of America This Recommendation is not applicable for Finland, Norway, Switzerland and Sweden Thi
35、s Recommendation is not applicable to Germany, Poland, Portugal and the United Kingdom 2 Rec. ITU-T D.53 (10/2016) While universal service is defined as an instrument and key objective to broadband, then, given the international nature of this factor, both the availability and affordability of this
36、service nationwide will be highly correlated to the price of international connectivity to the Internet, whereby Member States must include in the analysis the intrinsic characteristic of the broadband so as to internalize within the universal service projects all the external forces that condition
37、its success nationwide. 4.2 Identification of external forces that determine the success of universal service projects Member States and regulators should pay special attention to the following points when designing, adapting or revising policies, regulations or projects of universal service/access:
38、 The level of competition in the market for the provision of international Internet capacity, both locally and regionally. The evolution of prices and taxation issues for international transit, of prices of the (IRU) contracts, or other types of contracts for the provision of international Internet
39、capacity. The ability to establish and facilitate peering contracts between national operators, regional operators and operators worldwide of international Internet capacity. 4.3 How universal service projects can help address capacity constraints associated with international Internet connectivity
40、Administrations and regulators of Member States should reduce the impact of economic and contractual conditions of the international Internet connectivity (IIC) on the level of achievement of the policies and projects of universal service by using universal service funds to promote and support the f
41、ollowing initiatives: Creation and/or strengthening of national or regional Internet exchange points (IXPs). Creation and/or strengthening of data centres, both national and regional. 5 Universal service in a global context Where legislation permits, in order to reduce the nationwide effects of IIC
42、costs in a region or group of Member States, administrations and regulators of these Member States may initiate and carry out bilateral or multilateral agreements to invest the funds of universal service in projects of common infrastructure, as a basis for international Internet connectivity. 6 Guid
43、elines for increasing the effectiveness of, and compliance with, universal service policies It is recommended that Member States consider the following measures: Encourage national and international providers to finance universal service, under conditions of transparency, and non-discrimination. Pro
44、mote, where possible, public private partnerships for the development of universal services projects. Reduce the costs of IIC. Where possible, work towards the reduction of custom duties for telecommunications equipment. Encourage investment in services in rural areas, notably to public health and e
45、ducational institutions, even when return on investment is not immediately visible. Increase availability of new technologies, with a particular view for the development of broadband networks and technologies and next-generation cellular mobile networks. Rec. ITU-T D.53 (10/2016) 3 Ensure conditions
46、 that sustain investments, despite the speed with which modern telecommunications networks and systems are becoming obsolete. Comply with international regulations such as ITU-T D.50, which promote the application of payment mechanisms between countries that take account of the costs borne by develo
47、ping countries for Internet access.Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2017 SERIES OF ITU-T RECOMMENDATIONS Series A Organization of the work of ITU-T Series D Tariff and accounting principles and international telecommunication/ICT economic and policy issues Series E Overall network operation, telephone
48、 service, service operation and human factors Series F Non-telephone telecommunication services Series G Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks Series H Audiovisual and multimedia systems Series I Integrated services digital network Series J Cable networks and transmission of t
49、elevision, sound programme and other multimedia signals Series K Protection against interference Series L Environment and ICTs, climate change, e-waste, energy efficiency; construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant Series M Telecommunication management, including TMN and network maintenance Series N Maintenance: international sound programme and television transmission circuits Series O Specifications of measuring equipment Series P Telephon
