1、STDOITU-T RECMN F.18-ENGL 1998 = 48b2591 0b471bb 154 INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUN KATION UN ION ITU=T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU F.18 (03/98) SERIES F: NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES Telegraph service - Operating methods for the international public telegram service Guidel
2、ines on harmonization of international public bureau services ITU-T Recommendation F.18 (Previously CCITT Recommendation) STD-ITU-T RECMN F-118-ENGL 11798 48625911 06471167 O90 The gentex network Message switching The international telemessage service The international telex service Statistics and p
3、ublications on international telegraph services Scheduled and leased communication services Phototelegraph service Mobile services and multidestination satellite services MOBILE SERVICE TELEMATIC SERVICES Public facsimile service Teletex service Videotex service General provisions for telematic serv
4、ices MESSAGE HANDLING SERVICES DIRECTORY SERVICES DOCUMENT COMMUNICATION Document communication Programming communication interfaces DATA TRANSMISSION SERVICES AUDIOVISUAL SERVICES 1 ISDN SERVICES UNIVERSAL PERSONAL TELECOMMUNICATION I ITU-T F-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS NON-TELEPHONE TELECOMMUNICATION S
5、ERVICES TELEGRAPH SERVICE F.20-F.29 F.30-F.39 F.40-F.58 F.59-F.89 F.90-F.99 F. 100-F. 104 F. 1 OS-F. 1 O9 F. 1 10-F. 159 F. 160-F. 199 F.200-F.299 F.300-F.349 F.350-F.399 F.400-F.499 F SOO-F. 549 F.550-F.579 F. 580-F.599 F.600-F. 699 F.700-F.799 F.800-F.849 F.850-F.899 F.900-F.999 For further detail
6、s, please refer to ITU-T List of Recommendations. ITU-T RECOMMENDATION Fe18 GUIDELINES ON HARMONIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC BUREAU SERVICES Summary This Recommendation contains the general concept for the harmonized application of international public bureau services. It is intended to guide Adm
7、inistrationsROAs in implementing Recommendation F. 1 1 (Continued availability of traditional services). Source ITU-T Recommendation F.18 was revised by ITU-T Study Group 2 (1997-2000) and was approved under the WTSC Resolution No. 1 procedure on the 9th of March 1998. Recommendation F.18 (03/98) 1
8、FOREWORD IT (International Telecommunication Union) is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommuni- cations. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the ITU. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions
9、 and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their turn, produce Recommendat
10、ions on these topics. The approval of Recommendations by the Members of the ITU-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with IS0 and IEC.
11、NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendati
12、on may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approv
13、al of this Recommendation, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TS
14、B patent database. O ITU 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITU. 11 Recommendation F.18 (03/98) - - STD-ITU-T RECMN F-1
15、8-ENGL 1998 48b2593 Ob47170 685 D CONTENTS 1 Introduction 2 Terminology . 3 Scope 4 Basic requirements . 5 Mode of operation Annex A - Harmonization of international public bureau services - Detailed guidelines . A.l Introduction A.2 Possible solutions for a harmonization of bureau services . A.3 Ro
16、uting and retransmission of messages (Selection modes) Recommendation F.18 (03/98) Page 1 1 1 iii Recommendation F.18 GUIDELINES ON HARMONIZATION OF INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC BUREAU SERVICES (revised in 1998) 1 Introduction considering a) the reasonable needs of customers for a service of last resort; b)
17、 ITU-T Study Group Is work on harmonization of the telegram, telemessage and bureaufax services; c) Resolution No. 6 (World Administrative Telegraph and Telephone Conference, WATC, Melbourne 1988) and Recommendation F.11 on continued availability of traditional services in accordance with which the
18、classical telegram service is no longer obligatory for international relations where a reasonable alternative such as bureaufax or telemessage exists: d) e) efficient operation of traditional services; f) services; the moral obligation on IT Members to provide at least a form of international servic
19、e of last resort; the possibilities of newly introduced transport mechanisms or services which could play an important role for that there is no basis in the Regulations of the ITU to require any particular form of transmission for bureau g) flexibility, simplify operation, and increase cost-effecti
20、veness; h) that bureaufax, in view of its much greater flexibility, simple operation and cost-effectiveness, might be encouraged in other countries to allow a transfer from telegram transmitted in accordance with the 1998 version of Recommendation F.l to facsimile applications over a wide area; i) t
21、hat a harmonization and utilization of positive elements of the individual bureau services could improve that other technical solutions may be developed, this Recommendation provides broad guidelines on the minimum requirements for a harmonized operation of existing bureau services. 2 Terminology Fo
22、r the purpose of this Recommendation, a bureau service is a message service for those who are permanently or temporarily not subscribers to other services or who wish to use this service for any other reason whereby it will be perceived as simply transporting a message regardless of the mechanism us
23、ed. 3 Scope 3.1 bureau services. It is intended to guide AdministrationsROAs in implementing Recommendation F.11. This Recommendation contains the general concept for the harmonized application of international public 3.2 other to the extent practicable. 3.3 Recommendations. The international public
24、 bureau services should provide the capability of operation in conjunction with each The tariff principles for the international public bureau services are laid down in the relevant D-Series Recommendation F.18 (03198) 1 STDmITU-T RECMN F.38-ENGL 1998 YBb259L Ob47372 458 3.4 networks: a) b) c) d) e)
25、 f) g) h) The provisions set out below shall apply to the operation of public bureau services via telecommunication between public facsimile bureaux (bureaufax: see Recommendations F. 170 and F.171); between public facsimile bureaux and subscribers facsimile stations, and vice versa (see Recommendat
26、ion F. 190); between telegram offices (see Recommendations F.l and F.31); between telemessage offices (see Recommendation F.40); between telegram and bureaufax offices (see Recommendations F. 1, F.31 and F. 170); between telegram offices and subscriber facsimile stations (see Recommendation F. 1); b
27、etween telegram offices and telex subscribers (see Recommendation F. 1); between telegram and telemessage offices and vice versa (see Recommendation F.41). 3.5 Classes of service Classes of service in each category mentioned in 3.4 are handled in the relevant F-Series Recommendations. 4 Basic requir
28、ements 4.1 a) The basic requirements for international public bureau services are: reasonable access to the national service in the country of origin for lodging messages (e.g. over a counter, by telephone and perhaps by other telecommunication links to a public office, which may need to include for
29、mat conversion); international transmission (e.g. by facsimile, telegram retransmission, gentex, telex, MHS, .); format conversion, store-and-forward at a gateway if required; national transmission and/or format conversion as necessary; delivery by mail, or electronically as an option where practica
30、ble. b) c) d) e) 4.2 Recommendations as necessary, including the operational procedures, and service parameters. 4.3 of operational simplicity. The more likely and preferred harmonized applications will be identified in the appropriate service Any effects on charging and accounting will be covered i
31、n the D-Series Recommendations with the objective 5 Mode of operation 5.1 see 4.1, b). The mode of operation should be in accordance with the mechanism used for transporting the message 5.2 5.3 Specific details will be found in the individual service Recommendations. The quality of service aspects a
32、re also handled in the relevant F-Series Recommendations. Annex A Harmonization of international public bureau services - Detailed guidelines A.1 Introduction This annex represents a more detailed approach for possible solutions for a harmonization of bureau services, taking into account the differe
33、nt situations in the various countries. Different steps or phases seem to be necessary and/or possible to introduce improvements in the area of bureau services. 2 Recommendation F.18 (03/98) STD-ITU-T RECMN F-18-ENGL 1998 W 4862573 Ob47373 394 A number of problems/solutions depend on national organi
34、zationlstructure of bureau services. The following subclauses propose arrangements where facsimile transmission is used to carry telegrams nationally and/or internationally. Specific operational provisions applying to facsimile transmissions can be found in Recommendations F.l, Part E, and F. 170. I
35、f specific provisions do not exist in Recommendation F.l, a number of problems could be solved by bilateral agreements. A.2 Possible solutions for a harmonization of bureau services A.2.1 The harmonization of both services could start nationally simply by common use of telegram and bureaufax facilit
36、ies. No technical changes are necessary. Possible first approach (Domestic telegram and bureaufax services; see Figure A.l) The way this services are named, charged and marketed is a national matter. National innovation should not be restrained. Which organization (postal authority, telecommunicatio
37、n ROA, etc.) operates any bureau service is also a national matter. At this stage, at the international interface, a clear distinction should be made between telegrams and bureaufax. Internationally the character-coded telegram service could be replaced by a fax-based bureau service. Where suitable
38、replacements exist, the international telegram will gradually disappear. Abolition in low-volume relations should be encouraged. This stage could be characterised by: - - - - The existing technical facilities will be used further, only necessary improvements will be implemented. The transmission via
39、 facsimile will be preferred. Reasonable access to the national service for the input of messages will be provided. Domestic messages handed in over the counter will be transmitted via facsimile to the appropriate public bureau. Messages can contain written matter or printed matter, drawings or any
40、other graphics. Telegrams and bureaufax for abroad will be transmitted, by the accepting public bureau, to the appropriate national gateway for further transmiscion (character-coded or image-coded). Where agreed, the office of origin may route telegrams directly to a telefax subscriber in another co
41、untry - - A.2.2 Possible next step (International telegram and bureaufax service; see Figure A.2) All aspects under A.2.1 should be considered. The domestic Telegram Retransmission System will be improved (character-codedimage-coded interface to a fax store-and-forward system). Direct transmission a
42、nd delivery to fax machines nationwide and abroad will be possible. By bilateral agreement it becomes possible to transmit (F.l) telegrams from the ongin country to a public bureau abroad by fax. The character set (ITA2) used for telegrams remains unchanged. Direct international transmission via poi
43、nt-to-point (p.t.p.) and gentex will no longer be the sole means of international transmission. Some countries may need to continue an F.1-type service nationally for longer. In this case a gateway to the international bureaufax service would facilitate these international transmission. Recommendati
44、on F.18 (03/98) 3 - STD-ITU-T RECMN F.1A-ENGL 1998 4862591 Ob47174 220 = I CUSTOMER (Sender) I II I II + TLX n Point-to-Point z. 4 .ln TRS o Gentex z - 3 2 . 3. Telegram Retransmission Facsimile System transmission I I -i + + 1 1 TOZMBC I Addressee Figure A.llF.18 - Possible solutions for a harmoniz
45、ation of bureaux services The number of fax machines in public bureaux will be increased, gentex transmission to teleprinters (domestic) will be substituted by facsimile transmission. Advantages: Cost reduction (fax machines and transmission over the pubic telephone network is cheaper than the costs
46、 of teleprinters and the use of the national gentex network). The handling of messages takes less time (no word count necessary, easy transmission by facsimile etc.). in the absence of new international accounting provisions, accounting could be solved by bilateral agreements. A.2.3 Possible second
47、approach (International telegram and bureaufax services; see Figure A.3) All aspects under A.2.1 and A.2.2 should be considered. implementation of a domestic fax store-and-forward-system with automatic routing capabilities and centralised accounting and statistics. In addition, where bilaterally agr
48、eed, the form accepted from the originator can be transmitted by facsimile internationally. Where agreed, characters outside ITA2 may be used. The treatment of such messages, including international accounting, can be agreed bilaterally. A.2.4 Possible final solution; see Figure A.4 The aim is to re
49、place the classical telegram transmission technique completely by another transport mechanism. 4 Recommendation F.18 (03/98) STDIITU-T RECMN F.38-ENGL 1778 4862573 Ob47175 Lb7 1 Fax A.3 Routing and retransmission of messages (Selection modes) - Messenger charactercoded and/or National It should be noted that the choice of international transmission mode is not necessarily the same in each direction. For ? National gateway example, in any international relation it may be agreed that facsimile be used in one direction and printing telegraph in the other.
