1、INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Series J Supplement 4 (09/99) SERIES J: TRANSMISSION OF TELEVISION, SOUND PROGRAMME AND OTHER MULTIMEDIA SIGNALS Terminology for new services in television and sound-programme transmission ITU-T J-SERIES RECO
2、MMENDATIONS TRANSMISSION OF TELEVISION, SOUND PROGRAMME AND OTHER MULTIMEDIA SIGNALS General Recommendations General specifications for analogue sound-programme transmission Performance characteristics of analogue sound-programme circuits Equipment and lines used for analogue sound-programme circuit
3、s Digital encoders for analogue sound-programme signals Digital transmission of sound-programme signals Circuits for analogue television transmission Analogue television transmission over metallic lines and interconnection with radio-relay links Digital transmission of television signals Ancillary d
4、igital services for television transmission Operational requirements and methods for television transmission Interactive systems for digital television distribution Transport of MPEG-2 signals on packetised networks Measurement of the quality of service Digital television distribution through local
5、subscriber networks J. 1-J.9 J.lO-J.19 J.20-J.29 J.30-J.39 J.40-J.49 J.50-J.59 J.60-J.69 J.70-J.79 5.80-5.89 J.90-J.99 J.100-J.EO9 J. 1 10-J. 129 J. 130-J. 139 J. 140-J.149 J. 150-J.159 For further details, please refer to ITU-T List of Recommendations. SUPPLEMENT 4 TO ITU-T J-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS
6、 TERMINOLOGY FOR NEW SERVICES IN TELEVISION AND SOUND-PROGRAMME TRANSMISSION Summary This Supplement provides a recommended glossary of tem, definitions and acronyms applicable to ITU texts on the transmission of television and sound-programme signals and of related data signals for purposes of cont
7、ribution, primary distribution and secondary distribution, wich have been compiled from ITU-T Recommendations of the J series and a selection from Recommendation N. 1. The terminology covers, among other subjects, cable television and its related services. Source Supplement 4 to ITU-T J-series Recom
8、mendations was prepared by ITU-T Study Group 9 (1997-2000) and was approved under the WTSC Resolution No. 5 procedure on 17 September 1999. FOREWORD ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommuni- cations. The ITU Telecommunication St
9、andardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the ITU. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conferen
10、ce (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of Recommendations by the Members of the ITU-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. In some areas
11、 of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with IS0 and IEC. NOTE In this publication, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operatin
12、g agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The ITLJ draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this publication may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectua
13、l Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the publication development process. As of the date of approval of this publication, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this publication. However, i
14、mplementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database. o ITU 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
15、 photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITU. CONTENTS Page 1 . Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions . 1 3 Abbreviations and acronyms 20 Introduction This Supplement 4 is a companion to Recommendation J. 1. In the pursuit of its work aimed towards the standardization of the tra
16、nsmission of television and sound-programme signals and of related data signals for purposes of contribution, primary distribution and secondary distribution, including cable television, SMATV and similar services, ITU-T has often found it necessary to develop new terminology, or to adapt it from cu
17、rrent technical parlance. This continuing work has resulted in a small glossary of terms, acronyms and definitions that is specific to that area of activity, and that should desirably find wide recognition and application. The purpose of this Supplement is to formalize this small glossary of terms,
18、acronyms and definitions, and to recommend its use in all the texts that address the services and technologies listed above. It is expected that the glossary will continue to gradually grow over the years, as new terms are developed or adapted. For an up-to-date listing of the glossary, the reader i
19、s referred to the ITU-T Website. _ SUPPLEMENT 4 TO J-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS TERMINOLOGY FOR NEW SERVICES IN TELEVISION AND SOUND-PROGRAMME TRANSMISSION 1 Scope This Supplement provides a glossary of terms, acronyms and definitions for application to new services related to the transmission of televi
20、sion and sound-programme signals and of related data signals for purposes of contribution, primary distribution and secondary distribution, including cable television, SMATV and similar services. 2 Terms and definitions Definition Source Recommendation Term IAN 5.117 Audio and Video. A quantizer in
21、which the step size is controlled by the chosen slice type, the buffer occupancy and a model of human vision. A approach that selects the optimal pattern to scan the two-dimensional array of transform coefficient, in order to minimize the number of coefficients scanned up to the end of the block. 2
22、adaptive quantizer 5.88 3 adaptive scanning 5.88 4 additional service A service which consists in the sending of telecommunication signals for transmission by means of the use of the spare capacity within the signals carrying sound and/or television services to the audience. 5.112 5 Address Resoluti
23、on Protocol (ARP) 6 algorithm A protocol of the IETF for converting network addresses to 48-bit Ethernet addresses. 5.112 5.93 A mathematical process which can be used for the scrambling and descrambling of a data stream. The process of acquiring the resources, the address and other parameters of a
24、plug for the purpose of establishing an asynchronous connection data transfer capability. 7 allocate 5.1 I7 8 ancillary service A service (e.g. subtitling for the deaf) that is ancillary to the sound and/or television programmes delivered on a given channel, and directly related to their content. J.
25、90 A signal (e.g. the signal used for the teletext service) that carries an ancillary service and is sent on the spare capacity within the signals carrying the main sound andor television service provided on a given channel. NOTE -The term “ancillary signal“ is also sometimes used to refer to signal
26、s that carry “additional“ services rather than “ancillary“ ones. A service for which the represented media (text, still pictures, audio, video) and their information contents are specified, but not the way in which the user must select them for presentation. 5.80 9 ancillary signal 1 O application-f
27、ree J.90 - 11 asynchronous connection A point-to-point communication path established between a producer node and a consumer node, that supports robust high-bandwidth flow-controlled transfers of one or more data frames. 5.117 J series - Supplement 4 (09/99) 1 Source Recommendation 5.1 i7 Term Defin
28、ition 12 asynchronous push A method of data delivery in which the node producing the data uses 1394 write transactions to deposit data into the address space of a consumer node. A protocol for the transmission of a vanety of digital signals using uniform 53-byte cells. 5.1 i2 13 Asynchronous Transfe
29、r Mode (ATM) 14 attach The process of communicating the address and other parameters of a plug to another plug for the purpose of establishing data transfer capability. 3.117 15 Audio Alignment Signal (AS) Sine-wave signal at 1020 Hz at a level of O dBmOs, which is used to align the international so
30、und-programme connection. N.13 5.93 16 authentication The process intended to allow the system to check with certainty the identification of a party. A digital word that describes the personality or service access capability of the subscriber decoder unit. NOTE - This code word, which is based on th
31、e service access authorized by the billing system, determines which keys are distributed to each customer, and is required at the subscriber decoder to authorize the descrambling of any specific program. 17 authorization coding J.95 18 Bandwidth Efficiency (BWE) The data capacity that can be transmi
32、tted through the channel. It is expressed in terms of the amount of data transmitted through the unit of bandwidth per unit of time (bitssHz). 5.141 19 basic amplitude _ The difference between the ali-ones level and the all-zeros level in a digital signal. A process that is applied to the source bit
33、 rate to reduce the bit rate needed to deliver digital video or digital audio. The ratio between the source bit rate and the reduced bit rate, in a BRR process. Note that this term should not be used interchangeably with bandwidth reduction factor. 5.101 20 Bit-Rate Reduction (BW 21 bit rate reducti
34、on factor (Note i) (Note i) 22 block A unit of 8 pixels by 8 lines size for application of the Walsh Hadamart Transform. 5.88 23 bouquet 5.94 A collection of services marketed as a single entity. A unit spanning tree protocol messages as defined in ISOflEC 10038. 5.112 24 Bridge Protocol Data Unit (
35、BPDU) 25 broadcast address A predefined destination address that denotes the set of all data network service access points. 5.112 26 broadcast channel A radio-frequency channel, operated by an operating agency and used for the broadcast or cable distribution of programming; it is characterized irres
36、pective of the programme channel(s) it delivers, and it may carry a (reconfgurable) multiplex of programme channels. 5.112 2 J series - Supplement 4 (09/99) Term Definition Source Recommendation 27 broadcast network (Note i) A set of interconnectable broadcast channels, operated by an operating agen
37、cy; it is characterized irrespective of the programme channels it carries, and it may carry the same programme channel in several broadcast channels. 28 broadcaster (service provider) 29 broadcasting organization An organization which assembles a sequence of events or programmes to be delivered to t
38、he viewer based upon a schedule. An organization which is concerned with either or both sound and television broadcasting. NOTE - Most of the customers ordering facilities for sound-programme and television transmission are broadcasting organizations. For convenience, the term “broadcasting organiza
39、tion“ is used to denote the activity of any user or customer and, where so used, it is equally applicable to any other customer requiring sound-programme or television transmissions. J.94 N. 1 _ The broadcasting organization at the receiving end of an international sound-programme or television tran
40、smission. N. 1 30 broadcasting organization (receive) 3 1 broadcasting organization (send) The broadcasting organization at the sending end of an international sound- programme or television transmission. N. 1 32 byte 8 bits of data. J.117 33 Cable Modem (called CM, or IIM, or MH) A modulator-demodu
41、lator at subscriber locations intended for use in conveying data communications on a cable television system. J.1 i2 34 Cable Modem Termination System (called CMTS, or INA, or MC) Cable modem termination system, located at the cable television system headend or distribution hub, which provides compl
42、ementary functionality to the cable modems to enable data connectivity to a wide-area network. 5.112 35 Cable Modem Termination System - Network Side Interface (called NSI, or INA, or MC) The interface between a CMTS and the equipment on its network side. J.112 36 Cable Modem to CPE Interface (CMCI)
43、 The interface between a CM and CPE. 5.112 37 cablecasting The distribution of programmes over a cable television network (colloquial). N. 1 The entity that provides the technical facilities needed to deliver a programme schedule (e.g. the common carrier). J.90 38 capacity provider J.112 The peak-to
44、-peak magnitude of the amplitude distortion relative to the RF carrier signal level due to the fundamental and low-order harmonics of the power-supply frequency. 39 carrier hum modulation J series - Supplement 4 (09/99) 3 Term 40 carrier related band 4 1 Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (C/N or CNR) 42 circui
45、t section (sound-programme) 43 circuit section (television) 44 CompareSwap4 45 Composite Second Order beat (CSO) 46 Composite Triple Beat (CTB) 47 compression 48 Conditional Access system (CA) 49 consumer 50 consumer port 5 I content provider 52 contribution Definition A frequency bandwidth spacing
46、of television channels on a cable television system in exact frequency increments. The square of the ratio of the root mean square (rms) of the voltage of the digitally-modulated RF carrier to the rms of the continuous random noise voltage in the defined measurement bandwidth (if not specified expli
47、citly, the measurement bandwidth is the symbol rate of the digital modulation). The Unidirectional national or international sound-programme transmission path between two stations at which the programme is accessible at audio frequencies. The transmission path may be established via terrestrial or s
48、ingle destination satellite routing. NOTE - See also: “permanent sound-programme or television circuit“ and “temporary sound-programme or television circuit“. The various types of international sound-programme circuit. or sections of such circuits should be referred to by quoting the top nominal fre
49、quency, in kHz, effectively transmitted. Example: IO-kHz sound-programme circuit. The unidirectional national or intemational television transmission path between two stations at which the programme is accessible at video frequencies. The transmission path may be established via terrestrial or single destination satellite routing. A bus transaction that stores, at the specified address, a provided data value when the contents of the specified address is equal to a provided argument value. This operation is perform
