1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T X.1500TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU Amendment 1(03/2012) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY Cybersecurity information exchange Overview of cybersecurity Overview of cybersecurity information exchange Amendme
2、nt 1: Revised structured cybersecurity information exchange techniques Recommendation ITU-T X.1500 (2011) Amendment 1 ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS X.1X.199 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION X.200X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWO
3、RKS X.300X.399 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.499 DIRECTORY X.500X.599 OSI NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS X.600X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT X.700X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS X.850X.899 OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999 INFORMATION AND NETWORK SECURITY General security aspects X.1000X.1029
4、 Network security X.1030X.1049 Security management X.1050X.1069 Telebiometrics X.1080X.1099 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES Multicast security X.1100X.1109 Home network security X.1110X.1119 Mobile security X.1120X.1139 Web security X.1140X.1149 Security protocols X.1150X.1159 Peer-to-peer security
5、 X.1160X.1169 Networked ID security X.1170X.1179 IPTV security X.1180X.1199 CYBERSPACE SECURITY Cybersecurity X.1200X.1229 Countering spam X.1230X.1249 Identity management X.1250X.1279 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES Emergency communications X.1300X.1309 Ubiquitous sensor network security X.1310X.1
6、339 CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION EXCHANGE Overview of cybersecurity X.1500X.1519Vulnerability/state exchange X.1520X.1539 Event/incident/heuristics exchange X.1540X.1549 Exchange of policies X.1550X.1559 Heuristics and information request X.1560X.1569 Identification and discovery X.1570X.1579 Assured e
7、xchange X.1580X.1589 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T X.1500 (2011)/Amd.1 (03/2012) i Recommendation ITU-T X.1500 Overview of cybersecurity information exchange Amendment 1 Revised structured cybersecurity information exchange techniques Summary Amen
8、dment 1 to Recommendation ITU-T X.1500 (2011) provides a list of structured cybersecurity information techniques that have been created to be continually updated as these techniques evolve, expand, are newly identified or are replaced. The list follows the outline provided in the body of the Recomme
9、ndation. This amendment reflects the situation of recommended techniques as of February 2012, including bibliographical references. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T X.1500 2011-04-20 17 1.1 ITU-T X.1500 (2011) Amd. 1 2012-03-02 17 ii Rec. ITU-T X.1500 (2011)/Amd.1 (03/20
10、12) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for
11、studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study
12、groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis wi
13、th ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory prov
14、isions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of
15、such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no posi
16、tion concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, prote
17、cted by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2012 All rights reserved. No part o
18、f this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T X.1500 (2011)/Amd.1 (03/2012) 1 Recommendation ITU-T X.1500 Overview of cybersecurity information exchange Amendment 1 Revised structured cybersecurity information exchange techniqu
19、es 1) Replace Appendix I with the appendix below. Appendix I Structured cybersecurity information exchange techniques (This appendix does not form an integral part of this Recommendation.) Table I.1 Techniques in the weakness, vulnerability and state exchange cluster Technique Description References
20、 Common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVE) Common vulnerabilities and exposures is a method for identifying and exchanging information security vulnerabilities and exposures, and provides common identifiers for publicly known problems. The goal of CVE is to make it easier to share data across separ
21、ate vulnerability capabilities (tools, repositories, and services) with this “common enumeration“. CVE is designed to allow vulnerability databases and other resources to be linked together, and to facilitate the comparison of security tools and services. As such, CVE does not contain information su
22、ch as risk, impact, fix information, or detailed technical information. CVE only contains the standard identifier number with status indicator, a brief description, and references to related vulnerability reports and advisories. The intention of CVE is to be comprehensive with respect to all publicl
23、y known vulnerabilities and exposures. While CVE is designed to contain mature information, the primary focus is on identifying vulnerabilities and exposures that are detected by security tools, as well as identifying any new problems that become public, and then addressing any older security proble
24、ms that require validation. b-ITU-T X.1520 2 Rec. ITU-T X.1500 (2011)/Amd.1 (03/2012) Table I.1 Techniques in the weakness, vulnerability and state exchange cluster Technique Description References Common vulnerability scoring system (CVSS) The common vulnerability scoring system process provides fo
25、r an open framework for communicating the characteristics and impacts of ICT vulnerabilities. CVSS consists of three groups: base, temporal and environmental. Each group produces a numeric score ranging from 0 to 10, and a vector, a compressed textual representation that reflects the values used to
26、derive the score. The base group represents the intrinsic qualities of a vulnerability. The temporal group reflects the characteristics of a vulnerability that change over time. The environmental group represents the characteristics of a vulnerability that are unique to the environment of the user.
27、CVSS enables ICT managers, vulnerability bulletin providers, security vendors, application vendors and researchers to all benefit by adopting a common language of scoring ICT vulnerabilities. b-ITU-T X.1521 Common weakness enumeration (CWE) Common weakness enumeration is a process for identifying an
28、d exchanging unified, measurable sets of software weaknesses. CWE enables more effective discussion, description, selection, and use of software security tools and services that can find these weaknesses in source code and operational systems. It also provides for better understanding and management
29、 of software weaknesses related to architecture and design. CWE implementations are compiled and updated by a diverse, international group of experts from business, academia and government agencies, ensuring breadth and depth of content. CWE provides standardized terminology, allows service provider
30、s to inform users of specific potential weaknesses and proposed resolutions, and allows software buyers to compare similar products offered by multiple vendors. b-ITU-T X.1524 Common weakness scoring system (CWSS) The common weakness scoring system provides for an open framework for communicating th
31、e characteristics and impacts of software weakness. b-CWSS See Note. Rec. ITU-T X.1500 (2011)/Amd.1 (03/2012) 3 Table I.1 Techniques in the weakness, vulnerability and state exchange cluster Technique Description References Open vulnerability and assessment language (OVAL) Open vulnerability and ass
32、essment language is an international specification effort to promote open and publicly available security content, and to standardize the transfer of this information across the entire spectrum of security tools and services. OVAL includes a language used to encode system details, and an assortment
33、of content repositories held throughout the community. The language standardizes the three main steps of the assessment process: representing configuration information of systems for testing, analysing the system for the presence of the specified machine state (vulnerability, configuration, patch st
34、ate, etc.), and reporting the results of this assessment. The repositories are collections of publicly available and open content that utilize the language. OVAL schemas written in XML have been developed to serve as the framework and vocabulary of the OVAL language. These schemas correspond to the
35、three steps of the assessment process: an OVAL system characteristics schema for representing system information, an OVAL definition schema for expressing a specific machine state, and an OVAL results schema for reporting the results of an assessment. b-OVAL See Note. eXtensible configuration checkl
36、ist description format (XCCDF) The eXtensible configuration checklist description format is a specification language for writing security checklists, benchmarks, and related kinds of documents. An XCCDF document represents a structured collection of security configuration rules for some set of targe
37、t systems. The specification is designed to support information interchange, document generation, organizational and situational tailoring, automated compliance testing, and compliance scoring. The specification also defines a data model and format for storing results of benchmark compliance testing
38、. The intent of XCCDF is to provide a uniform foundation for expression of security checklists, benchmarks, and other configuration guidance, and thereby foster more widespread application of good security practices. XCCDF documents are expressed in XML. b-XCCDF See Note. Common platform enumeration
39、 (CPE) Common platform enumeration (CPE) is a standardized method to identify and describe the software systems and hardware devices present in an enterprises computing asset inventory. CPE provides: a naming specification, including the logical structure of well-formed CPE names and the procedures
40、for binding and unbinding these names with machine-readable encodings; a matching specification, which defines procedures for comparing CPE names to determine whether they refer to some or all of the same products or platforms; and a dictionary specification, which defines the concept of a dictionar
41、y of identifiers and prescribes high-level rules for dictionary curators. b-CPE See Note. Common configuration enumeration (CCE) Common configuration enumeration provides unique identifiers to system configuration issues in order to facilitate fast and accurate correlation of configuration data acro
42、ss multiple information sources and tools. For example, CCE identifiers can be used to associate checks in configuration assessment tools with statements in configuration best-practice documents. b-CCE See Note. 4 Rec. ITU-T X.1500 (2011)/Amd.1 (03/2012) Table I.1 Techniques in the weakness, vulnera
43、bility and state exchange cluster Technique Description References Asset Reporting Format (ARF) The asset reporting format (ARF) is a data model to express the transport format of information about assets, and the relationships between assets and reports. The standardized data model facilitates the
44、reporting, correlating, and fusing of asset information throughout and between organizations. ARF is vendor and technology neutral, flexible, and suited for a wide variety of reporting applications. b-SCAP NOTE ITU is currently considering the creation of an ITU-T Recommendation specifying this tech
45、nique. Table I.2 Techniques relevant to the event, incident, and heuristics exchange cluster Technique Description References Common event expression (CEE) Common event expression standardizes the way computer events are described, logged, and exchanged. By using CEEs common language and syntax, ent
46、erprise-wide log management, correlation, aggregation, auditing, and incident handling can be performed more efficiently and produce better results. The primary goal of the effort is to standardize the representation and exchange of logs from electronic systems. CEE breaks the recording and exchangi
47、ng of logs into four (4) components: the event taxonomy, log syntax, log transport, and logging recommendations. b-CEE See Note. Incident object description exchange format (IODEF) The incident object description exchange format defines a data representation that provides a standard format for the e
48、xchange of information commonly exchanged by CIRTs about computer security incidents. IODEF describes an information model and provides an associated data model specified with XML schema. See Note Extensions to IODEF for reporting Phishing This extends the incident object description exchange format
49、 to support the reporting of phishing events. Recommendation ITU-T X.1500 is intended to only describe techniques for commonly understood, assured means for cybersecurity entities to exchange cybersecurity information, and does not include the uses of that information. b-IETF RFC 5901 Common attack pattern enumeration and classification (CAPEC) CAPEC is a specification method for the identification, description, and enumeration of attack patterns. Attack patterns are a powerful mechanism to capture and communicate th
