1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T X.609 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (06/2015) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY OSI networking and system aspects Networking Managed peer-to-peer (P2P) communications: Functi
2、onal architecture Recommendation ITU-T X.609 ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities X.1X.19 Interfaces X.20X.49 Transmission, signalling and switching X.50X.89 Network aspects X.90X.149 Maintenance X.150X.179
3、 Administrative arrangements X.180X.199 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION Model and notation X.200X.209 Service definitions X.210X.219 Connection-mode protocol specifications X.220X.229 Connectionless-mode protocol specifications X.230X.239 PICS proformas X.240X.259 Protocol Identification X.260X.269 Sec
4、urity Protocols X.270X.279 Layer Managed Objects X.280X.289 Conformance testing X.290X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General X.300X.349 Satellite data transmission systems X.350X.369 IP-based networks X.370X.379 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.499 DIRECTORY X.500X.599 OSI NETWORKING AND SYSTEM A
5、SPECTS Networking X.600X.629 Efficiency X.630X.639 Quality of service X.640X.649 Naming, Addressing and Registration X.650X.679 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) X.680X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT Systems management framework and architecture X.700X.709 Management communication service and protocol X.710X
6、.719 Structure of management information X.720X.729 Management functions and ODMA functions X.730X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS Commitment, concurrency and recovery X.850X.859 Transaction processing X.860X.879 Remote operations X.880X.889 Generic applications of ASN.1 X.890X.899 OPEN DIS
7、TRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999 INFORMATION AND NETWORK SECURITY X.1000X.1099 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1100X.1199 CYBERSPACE SECURITY X.1200X.1299 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1300X.1399 CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION EXCHANGE X.1500X.1599 CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY X.1600X.1699 For further
8、details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T X.609 (06/2015) i Recommendation ITU-T X.609 Managed peer-to-peer (P2P) communications: Functional architecture Summary Recommendation ITU-T X.609 describes the detailed functional architecture of managed P2P networking and the i
9、nformation flows for providing managed P2P-based services. A peer-to-peer (P2P) network is composed of participants called peers that share their available resources such as processing power, storage or network resources that are available to other participants without central coordination. P2P netw
10、orking characteristics include self-organization, high scalability and sharing of resources among many other participants. These characteristics mean that P2P technology can be used in various applications such as file distribution, distributed computing, VoIP, media streaming, etc. In spite of vari
11、ous advantages such as high scalability and high throughput, P2P networking may incur problems such as high churn, illegal distribution of content or absence of distribution control. Managed P2P networking aims to provide manageability features for P2P networking. History Edition Recommendation Appr
12、oval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T X.609 2015-06-13 11 11.1002/1000/12502 Keywords Functional architecture, managed peer-to-peer. _ * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example,
13、http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T X.609 (06/2015) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization
14、 Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets
15、every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts pur
16、view, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is vol
17、untary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and
18、the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involv
19、e the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recomm
20、endation, ITU had received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http
21、:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T X.609 (06/2015) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere
22、1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 4 6 Overview . 4 6.1 MP2P framework defined in ISO/IEC TR 20002 5 7 Functional architecture of a managed P2P . 6 7.1 User management server (UMS) 7 7.2 Peer activity management server (PAMS) . 8 7.3 Overlay m
23、anagement server (OMS) . 9 7.4 Underlying network information server (UNIS) 10 7.5 Index server (IXS) 11 7.6 Peer . 11 7.7 Cache server (CS) . 14 7.8 Relay server (RS) . 16 8 Reference points . 18 8.1 Reference point R1 . 18 8.2 Reference point R2 . 18 8.3 Reference point R3 . 18 8.4 Reference point
24、 R4 . 18 8.5 Reference point R5 . 18 8.6 Reference point R6 . 19 8.7 Reference point R7 . 19 8.8 Reference point R8 . 19 8.9 Reference point R9 . 19 8.10 Reference point R10 . 19 9 Information flows . 19 9.1 Content distribution control 19 9.2 Use of overlay resources 22 9.3 Recommending related con
25、tents . 24 9.4 Peer list optimization 25 Bibliography. 27 Rec. ITU-T X.609 (06/2015) 1 Recommendation ITU-T X.609 Managed peer-to-peer (P2P) communications: Functional architecture 1 Scope This Recommendation describes the functional architecture of managed P2P as follows: overview of managed P2P fr
26、amework; functional architecture of managed P2P; reference points; information flows. This Recommendation extends the framework of managed P2P defined in ISO/IEC TR 20002 to describe in more detail functional entities for providing manageability features to P2P-based services. 2 References The follo
27、wing ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recom
28、mendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not
29、give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ISO/IEC TR 20002 ISO/IEC TR 20002:2012, Information technology Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Managed P2P: Framework. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following term
30、s defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 content delivery b-ITU-T Y.2080: In the context of the DSN functional architecture, the operation of sending and receiving content between the requested peer and the requesting peer or client. NOTE A client is a service consumer external to DSN. A peer is a node within DSN
31、. 3.1.2 content distribution b-ITU-T Y.2080: In the context of the DSN functional architecture, the whole process of content sending from one or more content sources, and sharing among DSN nodes. NOTE During the content distribution process, content is often sent to appropriate intermediate nodes to
32、 enable subsequent delivery. 3.1.3 control plane b-ITU-T G.8081: The control plane performs the call control and connection control functions. Through signalling, the control plane sets up and releases connections, and may restore a connection in case of a failure. The control plane also performs ot
33、her functions in support of call and connection control, such as routing information dissemination. 3.1.4 data plane b-ITU-T Y.2011: The set of functions used to transfer data in the stratum or layer under consideration. 2 Rec. ITU-T X.609 (06/2015) 3.1.5 functional entity b-ITU-T Y.2012: An entity
34、that comprises an indivisible set of specific functions. Functional entities are logical concepts, while groupings of functional entities are used to describe practical, physical implementations. 3.1.6 managed P2P ISO/IEC TR 20002: P2P with manageability features to manage the P2P-based service and
35、P2P network by the P2P participants such as P2P service provider, ISP, and peer. 3.1.7 overlay network b-ITU-T X.1162: An overlay network is a virtual network that runs on top of another network. Like any other network, the overlay network comprises a set of nodes and links between them. Because the
36、 links are logical ones, they may correspond to many physical links of the underlying network. 3.1.8 peer b-ITU-T X.1161: Communication node on P2P network that functions simultaneously as both “client“ and “server“ to the other nodes on the network. 3.1.9 peer-to-peer (P2P) b-ITU-T Y.2206: A system
37、 is considered to be P2P if the nodes of the system share their resources in order to provide the service the system supports. The nodes in the system both provide services to other nodes and request services from other nodes. NOTE Peer is the node in a P2P system. 3.1.10 user profile b-ITU-T Q.1741
38、.4: The set of information necessary to provide a user with a consistent, personalized service environment, irrespective of the users location or the terminal used (within the limitations of the terminal and the serving network). 3.1.11 reference point b-ITU-T Y.2012: A conceptual point at the conju
39、nction of two non-overlapping functional entities that can be used to identify the type of information passing between these functional entities. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 buffermap: A map showing the downloading status of fragmen
40、ts comprising a shared content. 3.2.2 delivery: The procedures and means employed to provide a user with the required archived material for reuse. 3.2.3 fragment: A piece of the shared content. 3.2.4 fragmentation: A process that divides the shared content into multiple fragments in order to share t
41、he content in a distributed manner. 3.2.5 metadata: The parts of Content which describe the Essence and other aspects of the program material. 3.2.6 peer status information: Both the dynamic and static status information of a peer. The dynamic status information describes the activity of a peer in t
42、he participating overlay network. The static status information describes a peers activity configuration. 3.2.7 resource virtualization: Creation of virtual resources comprised of parts of resources or whole resources shared by the participating peers. The virtual resources can be utilized by peers
43、for a certain purpose. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: BC Buffermap Comparison BM Buffermap Management Rec. ITU-T X.609 (06/2015) 3 CIM Content Information Management CMM Content Meta-information Management CP Content Provider CR Conten
44、t Reconstruction CS Cache Server CSR Cache Server Resource CSRM Cache Server Resource Management DD Data Delivery DE Data Exchange DR Data Relay FE Functional Entity FW Firewall ISP Internet Service Provider IXS Index Server LBIM Local Buffermap Information Management LPM Local Profile Management MI
45、C Meta Information Management MP2P Managed Peer-to-Peer NIP Network Information Management OIM Overlay Information Management OMS Overlay Management Server ONIM Overlay Network Information Management ONM Overlay Network Management ONMP Overlay Network Management Peer ONRIM Overlay Network Resource I
46、nformation Management ORC Overlay Resource Control ORM Overlay Resource Management OSPF Open Shortest Path First P2P Peer-to-Peer P2PSP P2P Service Provider PAIM Peer Activity Information Management PAM Peer Activity Management PAMS Peer Management Server PC Peer Communication PDC Peer Distance Calc
47、ulation PIA Peer Information Analysing PLM Peer List Management 4 Rec. ITU-T X.609 (06/2015) PLO Peer List Optimizing PPIM Peer Profile Information Management PPM Peer profile Management PRM Peer Resource Management RBIM Remote Buffermap Information Management RIP Routing Information Protocol RMIM R
48、elay Mapping Information Management RS Relay Server RSM Resource Status Management RSR Relay Server Resource RSRM Relay Server Resource Management RUIM Resource Usage Information Management RV Resource Virtualization UAL User Activity Logging UIM User Information Management UMS User Management Serve
49、r UNIS Underlying Network Information Server VoIP Voice over IP 5 Conventions In this Recommendation: The keyword “functions“ is defined as a collection of functionalities and is represented by the following symbol: The keyword “functional entity“ (FE) is defined as a group of functionalities that has not been further subdivided at the level of detail described. It is represented by the following symbol: NOTE In the future, other groups or other Recommendation
