1、INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU=T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU X.851 (1 2/97) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATION OS1 applications - Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Service definition for the
2、commitment, concurrency and recovery service element ITU-T Recommendation X.851 (Previously CCITT Recommendation) STD=ITU-T RECMN X-85lt-ENGL 1997 m 4862593 0647765 575 ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATION PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities Interfaces
3、Transmission, signalling and switching Network aspects Maintenance Administrative arrangements OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTION Model and notation Service definitions Connection-mode protocol specifications Connectionless-mode protocol specifications PICS proformas Protocol Identification Security Protoc
4、ols Layer Managed Objects Conformance testing INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General Satellite data transmission systems MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS DIRECTORY OS1 NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS Networking Efficiency Quality of service Naming, Addressing and Registration Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.
5、1) Systems Management framework and architecture Management Communication Service and Protocol Structure of Management Information Management functions and ODMA functions OS1 MANAGEMENT SECURITY II OST APPLICATIONS X.1-X.19 X.20-X.49 X.50-X.89 X.90-X.149 X.150-X.179 X. 180-X. 199 X.200-X.209 X.210-X
6、.219 X.220-X.229 X.230-X.239 X.240-X.259 X.260-X.269 X.270-X.279 X.280-X.289 X.290-X.299 X.300-X.349 X.350-X.399 X.400-X.499 X.500-X.599 X.600-X.629 X.630-X.639 X.640-X.649 X.650-X.679 X.680-X.699 X.700-X.709 X.7 10-X.7 19 X.720-X.729 X.730-X.799 X. 800-X. 849 Concurrency and Recovery X.85-X.859 Tra
7、nsaction processing Remote operations OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.860-X.879 X.880-X.899 X.900-X.999 For further details, please refer to ITU-T List of Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 9804 ITU-T RECOMMENDATION X.851 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY .- OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION - SERVICE DEFINITION
8、 FOR THE COMMITMENT, CONCURRENCY AND RECOVERY SERVICE ELEMENT Summary This Recommendation I International Standard describes the application layer service for OS1 commitment, concurrency and recovery service element. OS1 CCR provides a service by which a set of actions are grouped together to form a
9、n “atomic action“, where either the entire set of actions performed or none is performed. Source The ITU-T Recommendation X.851 was approved on the 12th of December 1997. The identical text is also published as ISOAEC International Standard 9804. ITU-T Rec. X.851(1997 E) 1 - STD-ITU-T RECMN X.85L-EN
10、GL 3777 4862573 Ob477b7 348 = FOREWORD ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommuni- cations. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the IT. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical,
11、operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in t
12、heir turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of Recommendations by the Members of the IT-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within IT-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborat
13、ive basis with IS0 and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The IT draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implemen
14、tation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by IT members or others outside of the Recommendation development process
15、. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strong
16、ly urged to consult the TSB patent database. O ITU 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITU. ii ITU-T Rec. X.851(1997 E)
17、STDmITU-T RECMN X-BII-ENGL I1997 4Bb259L Ob479bB 284 1 2 3 7 8 9 CONTENTS Scope Normative references . 2.1 Identical Recommendations I International Standards 2.2 Paired Recommendations I International Standards equivalent in technical content Definitions 3.1 Reference Model definitions . 3.2 Servic
18、e conventions definitions 3.3 Presentation service definitions 3.4 ACSE service definitions 3.5 Application Layer Structure definitions 3.6 CCR service definitions Abbreviations . Conventions . Concepts . 6.1 Use of CCR in a distributed application environment 6.2 CCR facilities 6.3 Heuristic decisi
19、ons Service definition . 7.1 C-INITIALIZE service . 7.2 C-BEGIN service 7.3 C-PREPARE service . 7.4 C-READY service 7.5 C-COMMIT service 7.6 C-ROLLBACK service . 7.7 C-NOCHANGE service 7.8 C-CANCEL service 7.9 C-RECOVER service 7.10 C-P-ERROR service . Sequencing information . 8.1 General 8.2 Events
20、 8.3 States . 8.4 Predicates 8.5 Interpretation of the state table 8.6 Completing the branch Collisions and disruptive services . 8.7 Using CCR . 9.1 General 9.2 Use of CCR with non-reference mapping . 9.3 Use of session synchronization and resynchronization services . 9.4 Use of CCR with session ac
21、tivities . 9.5 Use of presentation services Page 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 7 8 8 8 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 20 21 22 23 23 25 25 25 32 32 32 32 32 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 . ITU-T Rec . X.851(1997 E) 111 Annex A . CCR service-user rules . A.l Introduction . A.2 Compliance . A.3 A.4 AS A.6 CCR service primitive
22、usage rules Atomic action data manipulation rules . Bound data manipulation rules . CCR service-user data transfer rules . Annex B - Relationship of CCR to the Application Layer Structure B . 1 CCR service-provider . B.2 CCR service-user B.3 Atomic action graph Annex C - CCR tutorial c . 1 c.2 c.3 c
23、.4 c.5 C.6 c.7 C.8 c.9 iv Introduction . Structure of an atomic action tree . CCR service-user information resources Concurrency Recovery . Time relations and sequence of service primitives . Comments on implementation complexity Using the User Data parameter on CCR services . Optional use of C-PREP
24、ARE . ITU-T Rec . X.851(1997 E) Page 34 34 34 34 37 38 39 40 40 40 40 42 42 43 45 47 48 52 53 53 59 Introduction This Recommendation I International Standard is one of a set of Recommendations I International Standards produced to facilitate the interconnection of information processing systems. It
25、relates to other ITU-T Recommendations I International Standards in the set defined by the Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection (see ITU-T Rec. X.200 I ISO/IEC 7498). The reference model subdivides the area of standardization for interconnection into a series of layers of specification,
26、each of manageable size. The goal of Open Systems Interconnection is to allow, with a minimum of technical agreement outside the interconnection Recommendations and International Standards, the interconnection of information processing systems: - from different manufacturers; - under different manag
27、ements; - of different levels of complexity; and - of different technologies. This Recommendation I International Standard recognizes that application-processes may wish to communicate with each other for a wide variety of reasons. However, any communication requires certain services independent of
28、the reasons for communication. The application-service-element defined in this Recommendation I International Standard provides such services. This Recommendation I International Standard defines the facilities of the application-service-clement for Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery (CCR). CCR pr
29、ovides services for a single association. A referencing specification uses these services for starting and ending a specific sequence of distributed application operations despite application or communication failure. This Recommendation I International Standard is referenced by a specification to a
30、pply CCR to its operation. CCR services may be used with presentation services (see ITU-T Rec. X.216 I ISOLEC 8822), or with other Application Layer services. However, the use of CCR services is subject to the restrictions specified in clause 9. The use of CCR services allows a referencing specifica
31、tion to define its activity as an atomic action. An atomic action may use many associations, possibly with different protocols on each association. Annex A describes the rules that shall be followed by a specification that references this Recommendation I Intemational Standard. Annex B presents the
32、relationship of the CCR model and concepts to the Application Layer Structure (sec ITU-T Rec. X.207 I ISO/IEC 9545). Annex C is a tutorial to aid the understanding of the concepts and facilities of CCR. ITU-T Rec. X.851 (1997 E) V STD-ITU-T RECMN X-BII-ENGL I1977 O 4862573 0647773 877 W ISO/IEC 9804
33、 : 1998 (E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ITU-T RECOMMENDATION INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION - SERVICE DEFINITION FOR THE COMMITMENT, CONCURRENCY AND RECOVERY SERVICE ELEMENT 1 Scope This Recommendation I International Standard is intended for reference by other specifications when
34、the functionality of commitment, concurrency and recovery is required. It can be referenced whenever the processing of two or more application-entity invocations in a distributed application needs to be organized into an atomic action. This Recommendation I International Standard defines services th
35、at are used on a single association to coordinate two application-entity invocations involved in an atomic action. The determination of which application-entity invocations are involved in an atomic action is not within the scope of this Recommendation I International Standard. This Recommendation I
36、 International Standard establishes the general principles for the coordinated use of the CCR services when more than two application-entity invocations are involved in a single atomic action, or when recovery is required after failure. The coordination of multiple associations and the related appli
37、cation-entity invocations that constitute an atomic action is achieved by a referencing specification in conjunction with this Recommendation I International Standard. This Recommendation I International Standard is only applicable to a distributed application whose specification references this Rec
38、ommendation I International Standard. This Recommendation I International Standard does not specify individual implementations or products. It does not constrain the implementation of entities and interfaces within a computer system. No requirement is made for conformance to this Recommendation I In
39、ternational Standard. This Recommendation I International Standard includes requirements for compliance that apply to a referencing specification. The CCR service defined in this Recommendation I International Standard requires that CCR Protocol Version 2 (or a later version) is being used. 2 Normat
40、ive references The following Recommendations and International Standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation I International Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendation and Standards ar
41、e subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Recommendation I International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and Standards indicated below. Members of EC and IS0 maintain registers of currently valid I
42、nternational Standards. The Telecommunication Standardization Bureau of the ITU maintains a list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations. 2.1 Identical Recommendations 1 International Standards - ITU-T Recommendation X.200 (1994) I ISO/IEC 7498-1: 1994, Information technology - Open Systems Int
43、erconnection - Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model. ITU-T Recommendation X.207 (1993) I ISODEC 9545: 1994, Information technology - Open Systems interconnection - Application layer structure. ITU-T Recommendation X.210 (1993) I ISOAEC 1073 1:1994, Information technology - Open Systems Inierconnec
44、tion - Basic Reference Model : Conventions for the definition of OSI services. ITU-T Recommendation X.215 (1995) I ISODEC 8326:1996, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Session service definifion. - - - ITU-T Rec. X.851(1997 E) 1 ISO/IEC 9804 : 1998 (E) - ITU-T Recommendation X.2
45、16 (1994) I ISO/IEC 8822:1994, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Presentation service definition. ITU-T Recommendation X.217 (1995) I ISO/IEC 8649:1996, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Sewice definition for the association control service element. ITU-T
46、Recommendation X.227 (1995) I ISO/IEC 8650-1:1996, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Connection-oriented prorocol for the association control service element: Protocol specijcation. ITU-T Recommendation X.650 (1996) I ISO/lEC 7498-3:1997, Information technology - Open Sysiems I
47、nterconnection - Basic Reference Model: Naming and addressing. ITU-T Recommendation X.852 (1997) I ISO/IEC 9805-1:1998, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Protocol for the commitment, concurrency and recovery service element: Protocol specijcation . - - - - 2.2 Paired Recommenda
48、tions I International Standards equivalent in technical content - IT-T Recommendation X.860 (1 997), Open Systems Interconnection - Distributed transaction processing: Model. ISO/IEC 10026- 1 l), Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Distributed Transaction Processing - Part I: OSI
49、 TP Model. - ITU-T Recommendation X.862 (1 997), Open Systems Interconnection - Distributed transaction processing: Protocol Specification. ISOIEC 10026-3), information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Distributed Transaction Processing - Part 3: Protocol specijication. 3 Definitions 3.1 Reference Model definitions 3.1.1 Basic Reference Model definitions This Recommendation 1 International Standard is based on the concepts developed in ITU-T Rec. X.200 I ISO/IEC 7498- 1. It makes use of the following terms defined in them: a) application-asso
