1、INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UN ION ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU X.860 (1 2/97) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COM M U N I CATI ON S OS I applications - Transaction processing Open Systems Interconnection - Distributed transaction processing: Model IT U -T Recom
2、mend at ion X. 860 (Previously CCITT Recommendation) ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS AND OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities Interfaces Transmission, signalling and switching Network aspects Maintenance Administrative arrangements OPEN SYSTEM INTERCON
3、NECTION Model and notation Service definitions Connection-mode protocol specifications Connectionless-mode protocol specifications PICS proformas Protocol Identification Security Protocols Layer Managed Objects Conformance testing INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General Satellite data transmission sys
4、tems MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS DIRECTORY OS1 NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS Networking Efficiency Quality of service Naming, Addressing and Registration Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN. 1) OS1 MANAGEMENT Systems Management framework and architecture Management Communication Service and Protocol Stru
5、cture of Management Information Management functions and ODMA functions SECURITY OS1 APPLICATIONS X. 1 -X. 19 X.20-X.49 X.50-X.89 X.90-X. 149 X. 150-X. 179 X.180-X.199 X.200-X.209 X.2 10-X.2 19 X.220-X.229 X.230-X.239 X.240-X.259 X.260-X.269 X.270-X.279 X.280-X.289 X.290-X.299 X.300-X . 349 X.350-X.
6、399 X.400-X.499 X.500-X.599 X.600-X.629 X.630-X.639 X.640-X. 649 X.650-X.679 X.680-X.699 X.700-X.709 X.7 1 O-X.7 1 9 X.720-X.729 X.730-X.799 X.800-X.849 II Commitment, Concurrency and Recovery X.850-X.859 II Transaction processing X.860-X.879 Remote operations OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.880-X.899
7、 X.900-X.999 For further details, please refer to ITU-T List of Recommendations. ITU-T RECOMMENDATION X.860 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION - DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTION PROCESSING: MODEL Summary This Recommendation provides a general introduction to the concepts and model of distributed Transaction Proces
8、sing (TF) and defines the requirements to be met by the TP service. Source IT-T Recommendation X.860 was revised by ITU-T Study Group 7 (1997-2000) and was approved under the WTSC Resolution No. 1 procedure on the 12th of December 1997. Recommendation X.860 (12/97) 1 STD-ITU-T RECMN X.8bO-ENGL 1777
9、M Li8b2571 Ob115770 74b FOREWORD ITU (International Telecommunication Union) is the United Nations Specialized Agency in the field of telecommuni- cations. The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the ITU. The IT-T is responsible for studying technical, operat
10、ing and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their t
11、urn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of Recommendations by the Members of the ITU-T is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSC Resolution No. 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative
12、basis with IS0 and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS The ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementat
13、ion of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Properly Right. The ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process.
14、As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, the ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementors are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly
15、 urged to consult the TSB patent database. O IT 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITU. 11 Recommendation X.860 (12/97)
16、 STD-ITU-T RECMN X-8bO-ENGL 1777 Li8b2541 Ob1i577L 82 m CONTENTS Scope Normative references . 2.1 Identical Recommendations I International Standards 2.2 Paired Recommendations I International Standards equivalent in technical content 2.3 Additional references Definitions 3.1 Terms defined in other
17、Recommendations . 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . Abbreviations . Conventions . Requirements 6.2 User requirements . . 6.3 Modelling requirements Concepts of distributed TP . 6.1 Introduction 6.4 OS1 TP service and Protocol requirements . 7.1 Transaction . 7.2 Distributed transaction 7.3
18、Transaction data and coordination level . 7.4 Tree relationships . 7.5 Dialogue . 7.6 Dialogue tree . 7.7 Transaction branch 7.8 Transaction tree 7.9 Channel . 7.10 Handshake 7.1 1 Hinterland . Model of the OS1 TP service 8.1 Nature of the OS1 TP service . 8.2 Rules on dialogue trees . 8.3 Rules on
19、transaction trees . 8.4 Naming . 8.5 Data transfer . . 8.6 Coordination of resources . . 8.7 Recovery . 8.8 8.9 Sec urisl . Concurrency control and deadlock . Annex A . Relationship of the OS1 TP model to the Application Layer Structure . A.l Introduction A.2 Application-processes within OS1 TP . A.
20、3 A.4 OS1 TP service boundary Annex B - Tutorial on concurrency and deadlock control in OS1 TP . Annex C - Tutonal on the presumed rollback two-phase commit protocol Application entities within OS1 TP . Recommendation X.860 (12/97) Page 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 4 8 8 9 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 1
21、3 14 14 14 15 17 18 19 20 25 32 32 32 32 32 32 33 34 35 . 111 - STD-ITU-T RECMN X-Bb-ENGL 1977 m 4b257L b45772 717 = Page 36 D . 1 Dynamic Commit with Polarized Control 36 D.2 Implicit Prepare not selected and Ready allowed both ways 36 D.3 Implicit Prepare 37 38 Annex D . Combinations of commitment
22、 optimizations Annex E - Summary of changes to the second edition . iv Recommendation X.860 (12/97) Introduction This Recommendation is one of a set of Standards produced to facilitate the interconnection of computer systems. It is related to other Recommendations and International Standards in the
23、set as defined by the Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection (see ITU-T Rec. X.200 I ISO/IEC 7498-1). The Reference Model subdivides the area of standardization for interconnection into a series of layers of specification, each of manageable size. The aim of Open Systems Interconnection is
24、 to allow, with a minimum of technical agreement outside the interconnection standards, the interconnection of computer systems: a) from different manufacturers; b) under different management; c) d) of different technologies. The IT-T X.860-Series Recommendations and ISOfiEC 10026 defines an OS1 TP
25、Model, an OSITP Service and specifies an OS1 Tp Protocol available within the Application Layer of the OS1 Reference Model. The OS1 TP service is an Application Layer service. It is concerned with information which can be related as distributed transactions, which involve two or more open systems. T
26、his Recommendation provides sufficient facilities to support transaction processing, and establishes a framework for coordination across multiple OS1 TP resources in separate open systems. This Recommendation does not specifj the interface to local resources or access facilities that are provided wi
27、thin the local system. However, future enhancement of this Recommendation may deal with these issues. of different levels of complexity; and Recommendation X.860 (12/97) V Recommendation X.860 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION - DISTRIBUTED TRANSACTION PROCESSING: MODELi) (revised in 1997) 1 Scope This R
28、ecommendation: a) b) c) d) provides a general introduction to the concepts and mechanisms for distributed transaction processing; defines a model of distributed transaction processing; defines the requirements to be met by the OS1 TP service; and takes into consideration the need to coexist with oth
29、er Application Service Elements, e.g. Remote Database Access (RDA), Remote Operations Service Element (ROSE), and non-ROSE based applications. This Recommendation makes sufficient provisions to allow the specification of transaction-mode communications services and protocols that meet the properties
30、 of: atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (the ACID properties), as defined in ITU-T Rec. X.851 I ISO/IEC 9804. This Recommendation does not specie individual implementations or products, nor does it constrain the implementation of entities or interfaces within a computer system. 2 Norm
31、ative references The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to rev
32、ision; all users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigage the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid IT-T Recommendations is regularly published. 2.1 Identical Recommendations I Int
33、ernational Standards ITU-T Recommendation X.200 (1994) I ISO/IEC 7498- 1 : 1994, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model. ITU-T Recommendation X.210 (1993) I ISO/IEC 1073 1 : 1994, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Re
34、ference Model: Conventions for the definition of OSI services. ITU-T Recommendation X.215 (1995) I ISO/IEC 8326: 1996, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Session service definition. ITU-T Recommendation X.2 16 (1 994) I ISO/IEC 8822: 1994, Information technology - Open Systems I
35、nterconnection - Presentation service definition. ITU-T Recommendation X.217 (1995) I ISO/IEC 8649:1996, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Service definition for the association control service element. ITU-T Recommendation X.501 (1997) I ISO/IEC 9594-2: 1997, Information techn
36、ology - Open Systems Interconnection - The Directory: Models. ITU-T Recommendation X.650 (1996) I ISO/IEC 7498-3:1997, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model: Naming and addressing. I) Recommendation X.860 and ISO/IEC 10026- i “Information technology - Open Sys
37、tems Interconnection - Distributed Transaction Processing - Pari i : OS1 TP Model” were developed in close collaboration and are technically aligned. Recommendation X.860 (12/97) 1 - ITU-T Recommendation X.85 1 (1997) I ISOAEC 9804: 1994, Information technology - Open Systems Znterconnection - Servi
38、ce definition for the commitment, concurrency and recovery service element. - ITU-T Recommendation X.863 (1994) I ISOAEC 10026-4:1995, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Distributed transaction processing: Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) proforma. 2.2 - Pair
39、ed Recommendations I International Standards equivalent in technical content CCITT Recommendation X.800 (1991), Security architecture for Open Systems Interconnection for CCITT applications. IS0 7498-2: 1989, Information processing systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model - Par
40、t 2: Security Architecture. ITU-T Recommendation X.861 (1997), Open Systems Interconnection - Distributed transaction processing: Service definition. ISOhEC 10026-2: 1996, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Distributed Transaction Processing - Part 2: OSI TP service. ITU-T Recom
41、mendation X.862 (1 997), Open Systems Interconnection - Distributed transaction processing: Protocol specification. ISOIEC 10026-3: 1996, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Distributed Transaction Processing - Part 3: Protocol specification. - - 2.3 Additional references - ISOhE
42、C 9545: 1994, Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - Application Layer structure. NOTE - This Recommendation uses the terminology and modelling mechanisms of the first (1 989) edition of the Application Layer Structure (ISOAEC 9545:1989). 3 Definitions For the purposes of this Recom
43、mendation, the following definitions apply. 3.1 Terms defined in other Recommendations 3.1.1 a) application-entity; b) application-process; c) application-protocol-data-unit; d) concatenation; e) open system; f, presentation-service; g) presentation-service-access-point; h) presentation-service-data
44、-unit; i) real open system; and j) separation. 3.1.2 a) access control; b) audit; c) authentication; d) confidentiality; e) integrity; and f) non-repudiation. The following terms are defined in ITU-T Rec. X.200 I ISOhEC 7498-1 The following terms are defined in CCITT Rec. X.800 I IS0 7498-2: 2 Recom
45、mendation X.860 (12/97) 3.1.3 a) application-process-invocation-identifier; b) application-process-title; c) application-entity-invocation-identifier; d) application-entity-qualifier; and e) application-entity-title. 3.1.4 - quality-of-service. 3.1.5 a) request; b) indication; c) response; d) confir
46、m; e) service primitive; primitive; f) service-provider; and g) service-user. 3.1.6 The following terms are defined in ITU-T Rec. X.650 I ISOAEC 7498-3: The following term is defined in ITU-T Rec. X.215 I ISOAEC 8326: The following terms are defined in IT-T Rec. X.210 I ISOAEC 10731: The following t
47、erms are defined in ISO/IEC 9545: a) application-association; association; b) application-context; c) application-context-name; d) application-entity-invocation; e) application-process-invocation; f) application-service-element; g) association control service element; h) multiple association control
48、 function; i) j) single association object. 3.1.7 a) Directory Information Tree; b) Directory entry; entry; c) distinguished name; d) object class; and e) relative distinguished name. single association control function; and The following terms are defined in ITU-T Rec. 501 I SO/IEC 9 94-2: 3.1.8 a)
49、 atomic action data; b) atomicity; c) bound data; d) consistency; e) durability; f) final state; g) heuristic decision; h) initial state; and i) isolation. The following terms are defined in ITU-T Rec. X.851 I ISOAEC 9804: Recommendation X.860 (12/97) 3 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms. 3.2.1 responsible for the maintenance of the ACID properties. application-supported distributed transaction: A transaction where the user of the OS1 TP service is 3.2.2 dialogue, that are aimed
