1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Y.1540TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (03/2011) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS Internet protocol aspects Quality of service and network performance Internet protocol data
2、 communication service IP packet transfer and availability performance parameters Recommendation ITU-T Y.1540 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applic
3、ations and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and app
4、lications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.180
5、0Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and network
6、s in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Numbering, naming and addressing Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Smart ubiquitous networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 Futu
7、re networks Y.3000Y.3099 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (03/2011) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.1540 Internet protocol data communication service IP packet transfer and availability performance parameters Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.1540 defin
8、es parameters that may be used in specifying and assessing the performance of speed, accuracy, dependability and availability of IP packet transfer of international Internet Protocol (IP) data communication services. The defined parameters apply to end-to-end, point-to-point IP service and to the ne
9、twork portions that provide, or contribute to the provision of, such service in accordance with the normative references specified in clause 2. Connectionless transport is a distinguishing aspect of the IP service that is considered in this Recommendation. History Edition Recommendation Approval Stu
10、dy Group 1.0 ITU-T I.380 1999-02-26 13 1.0 ITU-T Y.1540 1999-02-26 13 2.0 ITU-T Y.1540 2002-12-14 13 2.1 ITU-T Y.1540 (2002) Amend. 1 2003-08-01 13 3.0 ITU-T Y.1540 2007-11-13 12 3.1 ITU-T Y.1540 (2007) Amend.1 2009-03-19 12 4.0 ITU-T Y.1540 2011-03-01 12 ii Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (03/2011) FOREWORD The
11、International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technica
12、l, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in
13、turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. N
14、OTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure
15、, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does n
16、ot suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning t
17、he evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents,
18、which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2011 All rights reserved. No part of this publicatio
19、n may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (03/2011) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 3 3 Abbreviations and acronyms 4 4 Layered model of performance for IP service 5 5 Generic IP service performance model . 6 5.1 Ne
20、twork components 6 5.2 Exchange links and network sections . 7 5.3 Measurement points and measurable sections 8 5.4 IP packet transfer reference events (IPREs) . 9 5.5 IP packet transfer outcomes 10 6 IP packet transfer performance parameters 16 6.1 Packet qualifications . 16 6.2 IP packet transfer
21、delay (IPTD) 17 6.3 IP packet error ratio (IPER) 20 6.4 IP packet loss ratio (IPLR) . 20 6.5 Spurious IP packet rate . 20 6.6 IP packet reordered ratio (IPRR) 20 6.7 IP packet severe loss block ratio (IPSLBR) . 21 6.8 IP packet duplicate ratio (IPDR) 21 6.9 Replicated IP packet ratio (RIPR) 21 6.10
22、Stream repair parameters 21 6.11 Capacity parameters . 21 6.12 Flow-related parameters . 24 7 IP service availability . 24 7.1 IP service availability function . 25 7.2 IP service availability parameters . 26 Appendix I IP packet routing considerations 27 Appendix II Secondary terminology for IP pac
23、ket delay variation 28 II.1 Introduction 28 II.2 Definition of inter-packet delay variation 28 II.3 Definition of 1-point packet delay variation 29 II.4 Guidance on applying the different parameters 29 Appendix III Rate and throughput capacity related parameters . 31 III.1 Definition of IP packet ra
24、te parameters 31 III.2 References for throughput parameters and measurements . 31 III.3 Open issues . 31 iv Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (03/2011) Page Appendix IV Minimal test of IP service availability state and sampling estimation of IP service availability parameters . 33 IV.1 Minimal test of IP service av
25、ailability state (for test methodologies and test sets) 33 IV.2 Sampling estimation of IP service availability . 33 Appendix V Material relevant to IP performance measurement methods 34 Appendix VI Background on IP service availability 35 VI.1 Introduction 35 VI.2 Background . 35 VI.3 Definitions of
26、 the regions in Figure VI.1 . 36 VI.4 Summary . 36 Appendix VII Packet performance parameters for estimation and optimization of stream repair techniques . 37 VII.1 Introduction 37 VII.2 Short description of application-layer stream repair techniques 38 VII.3 Simple model of application-layer stream
27、 repair techniques . 38 VII.4 Example of performance parameters to characterize stream repair variables 39 VII.5 Discussion of parameter measurement and usage 39 VII.6 Additional considerations . 40 Appendix VIII IP-layer capacity framework 41 VIII.1 Introduction 41 VIII.2 Terminology and relation t
28、o IETF RFC 5136 41 VIII.3 Items for further study 41 Bibliography. 43 Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (03/2011) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.1540 Internet protocol data communication service IP packet transfer and availability performance parameters 1 Scope This Recommendation defines parameters that may be used in s
29、pecifying and assessing the performance of speed, accuracy, dependability and availability of IP packet transfer of international Internet Protocol (IP) data communication services. The defined parameters apply to the end-to-end, point-to-point IP service and to the network portions that provide, or
30、 contribute to the provision of, such service in accordance with the normative references specified in clause 2. Connectionless transport is a distinguishing aspect of the IP service that is considered in this Recommendation. For the purpose of this Recommendation, end-to-end IP service refers to th
31、e transfer of user-generated IP datagrams (referred to in this Recommendation as IP packets) between two end hosts as specified by their complete IP addresses. This differs from the boundaries implied by the phrase “end-to-end“ in some other Recommendations. For example, ITU-T P.10 defines end-to-en
32、d quality as related to the performance of a communication system, including all terminal equipment. For voice services, end-to-end is equivalent to mouth-to-ear quality. NOTE 1 This Recommendation defines parameters that can be used to characterize IP service provided using IPv4 and IPv6; applicabi
33、lity or extension of this Recommendation to other protocols (e.g., RSVP) is for further study. NOTE 2 Recommendations for the performance of point-to-multipoint IP service are currently under development. The Recommendation ITU-T Y.1540 performance parameters are intended to be used in planning and
34、offering international IP service. The intended users of this Recommendation include IP service providers, equipment manufacturers and end users. This Recommendation may be used by service providers in the planning, development and assessment of IP service that meets user performance needs; by equip
35、ment manufacturers as performance information that will affect equipment design; and by end users in evaluating IP service performance. The scope of this Recommendation is summarized in Figure 1. The IP service performance parameters are defined on the basis of IP packet transfer reference events th
36、at may be observed at measurement points (MPs) associated with specified functional and jurisdictional boundaries. For comparability and completeness, IP service performance is considered in the context of the 3 3 performance matrix defined in Recommendation ITU-T I.350. Three protocol-independent c
37、ommunication functions are identified in the matrix: access, user information transfer and disengagement. Each function is considered with respect to three general performance concerns (or “performance criteria“): speed, accuracy and dependability. An associated two-state model provides a basis for
38、describing IP service availability. NOTE 3 In this Recommendation, the user information transfer function illustrated in Figure 1 refers to the attempted transfer of any IP packet, regardless of its type or contents. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (03/2011) IP pkt IP pkt IP pktBoundary BoundaryMP MPIP pkt IP p
39、kt IP pktBoundary BoundaryMP MPRouter RouterIP networkMP: Measurement Pointpkt: PacketITU-T Y.1540 IP packet transfer reference eventsCriterionFunctionAccessDisengagementSpeed Accuracy Dependability(See clause 5)(See clause 6)(See clause 7)LinkIP serviceunavailableITU-T Y.1540 Availabilityparameters
40、IP serviceavailableUser informationtransferITU-T Y.1540 IP packet transfer performance parametersNetwork section Exchange linkRouteror SRCIP pktIP pktRouteror DSTFigure 1 Scope of this Recommendation The performance parameters defined in this Recommendation describe the speed, accuracy, dependabilit
41、y and availability of IP packet transfer as provided by the IP data communication service. Future ITU-T Recommendations may be developed to provide standard methods of measuring the ITU-T Y.1540 performance parameters in an international context. The end-to-end performance of international IP servic
42、es providing access and disengagement functions (e.g., domain name service) and higher-layer transport capabilities (e.g., transmission control protocol) may be addressed in separate Recommendations. This Recommendation is structured as follows: Clause 1 specifies its scope. Clause 2 specifies its n
43、ormative references. Clause 3 provides a list of abbreviations. Clause 4 illustrates the layered model that creates the context for IP performance specification. Clause 5 defines the model used for IP performance, including network sections and measurement points, reference events and outcomes. Clau
44、se 6 uses this model to define IP packet transfer performance parameters. Clause 7 then defines IP service availability parameters. Appendix I describes IP packet routing considerations and their effects on performance. Appendix II provides secondary terminology for IP packet delay variation. Append
45、ix III describes some possible metrics for IP packet rate and reference material for assessing the throughput and throughput capacity of IP service. Appendix IV describes estimation of IP service availability. Appendix V presents considerations for measuring the ITU-T Y.1540 parameters. Appendix VI
46、gives some background on IP service availability. Appendix VII offers background information on the stream repair parameters, and Appendix VIII Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (03/2011) 3 adds information on capacity parameters (including a mapping to prior IETF metrics and items for further study). NOTE 4 The IT
47、U-T Y.1540 parameters may be augmented or modified based upon further study of the requirements of the IP applications (e.g., interactive, block, stream) to be supported. NOTE 5 The ITU-T Y.1540 speed, accuracy and dependability parameters are intended to characterize IP service in the available sta
48、te. NOTE 6 The parameters defined in this Recommendation can apply to a single end-to-end IP service between two end hosts identified by their IP addresses. The parameters can also be applied to those IP packets from a given end-to-end IP service that are offered to a given network or exchange link.
49、 NOTE 7 The ITU-T Y.1540 parameters are designed to characterize the performance of service provided by network elements between specified section boundaries. However, users of this Recommendation should be aware that network elements outside the specified boundaries can sometimes influence the measured performance of the elements between the boundaries. Examples are described in Appendix V. NOTE 8 The parameters defined in this Recommendation can also be applied to any subset
