1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Y.2241 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (09/2017) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS, NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS, INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES Next Generation Networks
2、 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Service framework to support web objects based ubiquitous self-directed learning Recommendation ITU-T Y.2241 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS, NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS, INTERNET
3、 OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y
4、.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.
5、1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabiliti
6、es and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Enhancements to NGN Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Packet-based Networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 G
7、eneralized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 FUTURE NETWORKS Y.3000Y.3499 CLOUD COMPUTING Y.3500Y.3999 INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES AND COMMUNITIES General Y.4000Y.4049 Definitions and terminologies Y.4050Y.4099 Requirements and use cases Y.4100Y.4249 Infrastru
8、cture, connectivity and networks Y.4250Y.4399 Frameworks, architectures and protocols Y.4400Y.4549 Services, applications, computation and data processing Y.4550Y.4699 Management, control and performance Y.4700Y.4799 Identification and security Y.4800Y.4899 Evaluation and assessment Y.4900Y.4999 For
9、 further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.2241 (09/2017) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.2241 Service framework to support web objects based ubiquitous self-directed learning Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.2241 provides a framework to support a web objects based ubiq
10、uitous self-directed learning (uSDL) service including overview, content object model, functional capabilities, security and trust considerations of web objects based uSDL. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T Y.2241 2017-09-13 13 11.1002/1000/13348 Keywords Compo
11、site virtual object, contents objects database, ubiquitous self-directed learning, virtual object, web of objects. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int
12、/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.2241 (09/2017) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is
13、a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, e
14、stablishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary
15、 standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, th
16、e Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equiva
17、lents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a clai
18、med Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had n
19、ot received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/I
20、TU-T/ipr/. ITU 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.2241 (09/2017) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms de
21、fined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 Overview of web objects based uSDL 3 6.1 General features of uSDL . 3 6.2 Service provisioning model of web objects based uSDL . 4 7 Educational content object model in web objects based uSDL 4 7.1 Structure of educati
22、onal content objects . 4 7.2 Content objects attributes in web objects based uSDL 5 8 Functional capabilities of web objects based uSDL . 7 8.1 Layered architecture of web objects based uSDL 7 8.2 Functional capabilities of web object based uSDL virtual level 9 8.3 Functional capabilities of web obj
23、et based uSDL service level . 13 9 Security support for web object based uSDL environment 15 10 Trust provisioning . 15 Appendix I Example of educational content object model in web objects based uSDL 16 Appendix II Example of an architecture to support smart uSDL entity perspectives . 17 II.1 LOM a
24、pproach for notation of uSDL . 17 II.2 VO/CVO based description of learning object metadata in uSDL . 17 Bibliography. 21 Rec. ITU-T Y.2241 (09/2017) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2241 Service framework to support web objects based ubiquitous self-directed learning 1 Scope A web objects based ubiquitous
25、self-directed learning (uSDL) service provides the educational capabilities in a setting of pervasive or omnipresent computing environment to support various contexts of learners situations and capabilities. This Recommendation provides the followings: an overview of web objects based uSDL; a conten
26、t object model of web objects based uSDL; functional capabilities for web objects based uSDL; security support for web objects based uSDL environment; trust provisioning of web objects based uSDL. Two appendices have been provided. Appendix I indicates an example of an architecture to support smart
27、uSDL entity perspectives and provides an associated model. Appendix II provides an example of an architecture to support smart uSDL entity perspectives. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisio
28、ns of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations
29、and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T X.1314 Recommendation ITU-T X.1314 (2014), Security
30、 requirements and framework of ubiquitous networking. ITU-T Y.4000 Recommendation ITU-T Y.4000/Y.2060 (2012), Overview of the Internet of things. ITU-T Y.4452 Recommendation ITU-T Y.4452 (2016), Functional framework of web of objects. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation use
31、s the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 composite virtual object (CVO) ITU-T Y.4452: A collection of multiple VOs to abstract a service feature, operation or management function, to enable the mash-up and collaboration. 3.1.2 information model ITU-T Y.4452: A model to define how the elements
32、(i.e., VO and CVO) in an information environment are represented as a common set of objects and relationships between them. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.2241 (09/2017) 3.1.3 Internet of things (IoT) ITU-T Y.4000: A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (p
33、hysical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies. NOTE 1 Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the IoT makes full use of things to offer services to all kinds of applicat
34、ions, whilst ensuring that security and privacy requirements are fulfilled. NOTE 2 From a broader perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implications. 3.1.4 object b-ITU-T Y.2002: An intrinsic representation of an entity that is described at an appropriate
35、level of abstraction in terms of its attributes and functions. NOTE 1 An object is characterized by its behaviour. An object is distinct from any other object. An object interacts with its environment including other objects at its interaction points. An object is informally said to perform function
36、s and offer services (an object which makes a function available is said to offer a service). For modelling purposes, these functions and services are specified in terms of the behaviour of the object and of its interfaces. An object can perform more than one function. A function can be performed by
37、 the cooperation of several objects. NOTE 2 Objects include terminal devices (e.g., used by a person to access the network such as mobile phones, personal computers), remote monitoring devices (e.g., cameras, sensors), information devices (e.g., content delivery server), products, contents, and reso
38、urces. 3.1.5 resource b-IETF RFC 3986: This specification does not limit the scope of what might be a resource; rather, the term “resource“ is used in a general sense for whatever might be identified by a uniform resource identifier (URI). 3.1.6 virtual object (VO) ITU-T Y.4452: A virtual representa
39、tion of a real world object (e.g., sensor, device, task, process and information). NOTE Real world objects are identifiable through their virtual representation. 3.1.7 Web of Objects (WoO) ITU-T Y.4452: A way to incorporate virtual objects on the World Wide Web and to facilitate the creation of IoT
40、services. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 self-directed learning (SDL): A process by which individuals take the initiative, with or without the assistance of others, in diagnosing their learning needs, formulating learning goals, identi
41、fying human and material resources for learning, choosing and implementing appropriate learning strategies, and evaluating learning outcomes. 3.2.2 ubiquitous-learning (u-learning): Learning in a ubiquitous computing environment at anywhere and anytime closely associated with mobile technologies. 3.
42、2.3 ubiquitous self-directed learning (uSDL): A self-directed learning (SDL) process in a ubiquitous computing environment. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AI Artificial Intelligence COD Contents Objects Database COI Community of Intere
43、st CVO Composite Virtual Object CVOs Composite Virtual Objects Rec. ITU-T Y.2241 (09/2017) 3 IoT Internet of Things LMS Learning Management Systems LOM Learning Objects Metadata RDF Resource Description Framework SDL Self-Directed Learning SLA Service Level Agreement u-learning ubiquitous-learning U
44、RI Uniform Resource Identifier URL Uniform Resource Locator uSDL ubiquitous Self-Directed Learning UI/UX User Interface/User Experience VO Virtual Object WoO Web of Objects XML Extensible Markup Language 5 Conventions None. 6 Overview of web objects based uSDL 6.1 General features of uSDL The functi
45、onal features of uSDL provides the means for mobile learning, including a mobile and pervasive or omnipresent educational environment. uSDL supports adaptive learning methodologies in accordance with the learners preference, learning situations and the learners level of understanding. uSDL enables l
46、earners to access educational objects flexibly and seamlessly in both a pervasive and a persistent environment. A learner may move or locate around ubiquitous space and collaborate with various learning objects (texts, media and all educational materials) to get learning information. The uSDL conten
47、t objects are created via a virtualization process from physical digital text, images and other media such as presentations, streamed audio, or video files. The information model of uSDL content objects is in accordance with ITU-T Y.4452. Thus, uSDL promotes the following enhanced educational effect
48、s: a learner is empowered to take increasingly more responsibility for various decisions associated with the learning endeavour; a learner is able to transfer learning in terms of both knowledge and study skill; uSDL supports various activities and resources, such as self-guided reading, participati
49、on in study groups, internships, electronic dialogues, and reflective writing activities; uSDL gives the learner the opportunity to access educational materials at different times from different locations. 4 Rec. ITU-T Y.2241 (09/2017) 6.2 Service provisioning model of web objects based uSDL As shown in ITU-T Y.4452, the WoO facilitates distributed applications to combine educational information from different domains. The web objects based uSDL provides an
