1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Y.3031TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (05/2012) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS Next Generation Networks Future networks Identification framework in future networks Recomm
2、endation ITU-T Y.3031 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.4
3、00Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource managemen
4、t Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional a
5、rchitecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Numbering, naming and addressing Y.2300Y.2399 Network management
6、Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Smart ubiquitous networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 Future networks Y.3000Y.3099For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommen
7、dations. Rec. ITU-T Y.3031 (05/2012) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.3031 Identification framework in future networks Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.3031 deals with potential identifiers pertinent to networks envisioned in Recommendation ITU-T Y.3001. It presents a review analysis of user, data, service, n
8、ode and location identifiers being used in current networks and projects related to future networks (FNs). Details of the review are in the appendix. It then specifies the identification framework and general requirements of these identifiers in future networks. History Edition Recommendation Approv
9、al Study Group 1.0 ITU-T Y.3031 2012-05-07 13 Keywords Future network, identification framework, identifier. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.3031 (05/2012) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communicat
10、ion technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The Wor
11、ld Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In
12、 some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recog
13、nized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The w
14、ords “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility th
15、at the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommenda
16、tion development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and
17、are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.3031 (05/2012) iii Table of Contents Page 1
18、 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 Considerations on new identifiers in future networks 3 7 Analysis of existing identifiers from the FN prospective . 4 7.1 Analysis of i
19、dentifiers used in the Internet . 4 7.2 Analysis of identifiers considered in FN-related projects 5 8 Identification framework in FNs 5 8.1 General architecture 5 8.2 ID spaces 7 8.3 ID mapping services . 8 9 High-level requirements for identifiers 8 10 Environmental considerations 9 11 Security con
20、siderations . 9 Appendix I Overview of identifiers used in existing networks and FN-related projects 10 I.1 Node ID in the Internet . 10 I.2 User, device, and location IDs in ITU-T next generation networks . 11 I.3 Node ID in 3GPP system architecture evolution 12 I.4 Identifiers considered in FN-rel
21、ated projects . 13 Bibliography. 16 Rec. ITU-T Y.3031 (05/2012) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3031 Identification framework in future networks 1 Scope This Recommendation deals with potential identifiers pertinent to networks envisioned in ITU-T Y.3001. Identifiers in ITU-T Y.3001 cover nodes in the netw
22、ork and their locations, data to be exchanged across the nodes, and services and their users. This Recommendation describes key components and their capabilities for identifier handling as a framework. High-level requirements are also given for the succeeding specifications on future networks. 2 Ref
23、erences The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users
24、of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is published regularly. The reference to a document within this Recommendat
25、ion does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T Y.2015 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2015 (2009), General requirements for ID/locator separation in NGN. ITU-T Y.2022 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2022 (2011), Functional architecture for the support of host-based separation o
26、f node identifiers and routing locators in next generation networks. ITU-T Y.2057 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2057 (2011), Framework of node identifier and routing locator separation in IPv6-based next generation networks. ITU-T Y.2720 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2720 (2009), NGN identity management framework
27、. ITU-T Y.3001 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3001 (2011), Future networks: Objectives and design goals. ITU-T Y.3011 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3011 (2012), Framework of network virtualization for future networks. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined el
28、sewhere: 3.1.1 future network (FN) ITU-T Y.3001: A network able to provide services, capabilities, and facilities difficult to provide using existing network technologies. A future network is either: a) A new component network or an enhanced version of an existing one, or b) A heterogeneous collecti
29、on of new component networks or of new and existing component networks that is operated as a single network. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.3031 (05/2012) 3.1.2 identifier b-ITU-T Y.2091: An identifier is a series of digits, characters and symbols or any other form of data used to identify subscriber(s), user(s), n
30、etwork element(s), function(s), network entity(ies) providing services/applications, or other entities (e.g., physical or logical objects). 3.1.3 service b-ITU-T Z.100 Sup.1: A set of functions and facilities offered to a user by a provider. 3.1.4 service node (SN) b-ITU-T G.902: Network element tha
31、t provides access to various switched and/or permanent telecommunication services. In the case of switched services, the SN provides access call and connection control signalling and access connection and resource handling. NOTE The above definition is applicable to the “network“ service node. This
32、Recommendation uses “service node“ also to refer to the “content“ service node. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation None. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AD Authoritative Domain BAN Body Area Networks DNS Domain Name System EPC Evo
33、lved Packet Core FN Future Network FQDN Fully Qualified Domain Name GUID Globally Unique Identifier HID Host ID HSS Home Subscriber Server ID Identifier IdM Identity Management IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identity IMSI International Mobile Subscription Identity LAN Local Area Network LINP Lo
34、gically Isolated Network Partition MAC Media Access Control MAN Metropolitan Area Network MCC Mobile Country Code MME Mobility Management Entity MNC Mobile Network Code MSIN Mobile Subscription Identification Number MSISDN Mobile Subscriber Integrated Services Digital Network NAI Network Access Iden
35、tifier Rec. ITU-T Y.3031 (05/2012) 3 NAP Network Attachment Point NDN Named Data Networking PAN Personal Area Network PGW Packet data network Gateway PK Public Key PKI Public Key Infrastructure QoS Quality of Service SAE System Architecture Evolution SIM Subscriber Identity Module TMSI Temporary Mob
36、ile Subscriber Identity UE User Equipment URI Uniform Resource Identifier URL Uniform Resource Locator VLAN Virtual Local Area Network VLR Visitor Location Register WAN Wide Area Network 5 Conventions None. 6 Considerations on new identifiers in future networks According to ITU-T Y.3001, it is recom
37、mended that future networks (FNs) provide a new identification framework that can be helpful for intrinsic mobility support and optimal data access. FNs have a major goal of specifying a new architecture considering emerging networks that embrace various innovative communication paradigms. Therefore
38、, it is required to specify an identification framework that defines new identifiers of communication objects. Such an identification framework should efficiently support the new communication paradigms in FNs. The objects involved in a communication network may include users, data or contents, node
39、s (host or device, both physical and virtual), links, and communication sessions. A communication service is created by a functional interaction among these objects. These objects need to be uniquely identified in order to make it possible to select the proper combination of the functions they provi
40、de. The current Internet base functions designed in the 1970s were dependent on only one type of identifier, called an IP address. An IP address identifies both a node and the location of the node on the network topology. The Internet also uses IP addresses for identifying a realm of the administrat
41、ive autonomy domain of the network through mapping of domain names to IP addresses. IP addresses are often implicitly used in the application layer, e.g., through mapping between the IP address and the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of a mail server. The use of IP addresses as both identifiers,
42、to identify hosts in the application and transport layers, and locators in the network layer, is the root cause of the Internets inability to support mobility in a native manner ITU-T Y.2015. Although ITU-T Y.2022 and ITU-T Y.2057 are specifying the functional architecture for the introduction of ID
43、/locator split functions in NGNs, they do not describe the architecture of IDs and their configuration methods. Therefore, new identifiers are needed for identifying nodes, data, communication sessions, or services in the upper layer protocols in FNs. 4 Rec. ITU-T Y.3031 (05/2012) Similarly, the bas
44、e functions of the present-day Internet lack identifiers for universally representing data or contents, which are the basic requirements for realizing content-centric or data-aware networking. The data-aware networks are considered to scale in a better manner as they can serve users with required da
45、ta from the nearest points in the network. Therefore, new identifiers for data or contents should be defined so that a large volume of data can be efficiently accessed regardless of their locations. In addition to new node IDs and data or content IDs, FNs also need user IDs, service IDs, and locatio
46、n IDs. They also need new mapping or resolution systems for storing and providing dynamic relationships between different types of IDs. The current domain name system (DNS) stores the mappings between domain names and other parameters such as IP addresses. However, the DNS takes more time than accep
47、table for updating its records, thus not suitable for storing dynamic ID mappings. 7 Analysis of existing identifiers from the FN prospective This clause presents an analysis of identifiers used in the current networks and FN-related projects. Appendix I provides an overview of identifiers used in e
48、xisting networks and FN-related projects. 7.1 Analysis of identifiers used in the Internet The identifiers used in the Internet can be summarized as follows: Service and users: URI or URL, email address, IP address, NAI. Node: IP address. Network attachment point (NAP): IP address and/or MAC address
49、. Path: IP prefix. In the above list, IP addresses are the common identifiers for most objects and in multiple protocol layers. The bindings between these objects in the current Internet could be summarized as follows: Service and/or user to node: the bindings are maintained in the DNS servers and are mostly static. Node to NAP: the bindings are fixed as an IP address identifies both the node and its NAP. NAP to Path: the bindings are maintained in the routing table by the use of the prefix
