1、 KSKSKSKSKSKSKSK KSKSKS KSKSK KSKS KSK KS KS A ISO 14850 1 1： KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 2012 11 23 http:/www.kats.go.krKS A ISO 14850 1:2012 : ( ) ( ) () ( ) : () () ( ) () () () () ( ) : (http:/www.standard.go.kr) ： ：2006 9 30 ：2012 11 23 2012-0633 ： ：() ( 02-509-7270) (http:/www.kats.go.kr). 10 5 , .
2、KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 i ii . iii 1 1 2 , .1 3 3 4 4 4.1 .4 4.2 4 4.3 .5 4.4 - (ADC)5 4.5 (MCA) .5 4.6 5 4.7 5 4.8 5 5 5 5.1 6 5.2 .7 5.3 .10 5.4 11 6 12 7 .12 7.1 .12 7.2 12 7.3 .13 8 .14 9 .14 A( ) (ICRP 38).16 18 KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 ii . , , . , , . KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 iii 2004 1 ISO 14850 1,
3、Nuclear energy Waste-packages activity measurement Part 1： High-resolution gamma spectrometry in integral mode with open geometry . KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 1： Nuclear energy Waste-packages activity measurement Part 1： High-resolution gamma spectrometry in integral mode with open geometry 1 KS A ISO 14
4、850 1 . ( , ) (unconditioned) , 100 L, 200 L, 400 L 800 L , ( , , ) (conditioned) , ( ) , 1 . 0.05 MeV 3 MeV . 2 , . 2.1 (reference source) , . 2.2 (source volume) ( ) (m3) 2.3 (source weight) (kg) KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 2 2.4 (package) ( ) ( , ) 2.5 (mockup) 2.6 (reference package) 2.7 (apparent den
5、sity of the source) 2.8 (container) (envelope) 2.9 (matrix) 2.10 - (radioprotection-shield) 2.11 (gamma ray attenuator) , 2.12 (detector) , 2.13 (efficiency) 2.14 (collimator and background shield) ( ) ( ) KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 3 2.15 (background noise) Be , e (s 1) 2.16 (decision threshold) TD (s 1
6、) (0 ) . 2.5 % . 2.17 (detection limit) LD (1 ) (Bq). , . 2.5 % . 2.18 (combined standard uncertainty) uCxA ( si) B ( uj) 2/122c)()(+=ijjixusu 2.19 (coverage factor) k , , k 1 ( ) k 2 ( 95 % ) 2.20 (expanded uncertainty) k 3 . . KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 4 , 1. , (mockup) . , . , , 4 . a) ： ( , ) ( , )
7、( ) , , b) ： - “ (stand alone)” c) 4.1 4.1.1 . , . 4.1.2 . . 4.2 . . KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 5 (400 keV ) . . , . 4.3 0.25 s 15 s . (pileup rejector) , . . . 4.4 - (ADC) - . - . . - 4.5 (MCA) . 4.2, 4.3 4.4 . . 4.6 ( ) . . 4.7 ( , , , ) . . 4.8 . . 5 ( ) ( ) KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 6 . . / ( ) . 5.1 5.1
8、.1 e i ( ) . ),(11)(21e,ee,ee,e,LkkfKBNAiiiii=(1) Ai, e： e i (Bq) Ni, e： e i (s 1) Be： e (s 1) i, e： e i e： e Ki： i ( Ki 1) fi, e(k1, k2, ) ： e i , i . fi, e(k1, k2, ) . , ( ) . . ),(121e,eLkkfi5.1.2 . a) ( ) ： (e) . fi, e(k1, k2, ) ( ) . b) ( , ) . . “ ” ( ) . ( , , , ). “ ” ( , , ). KS A ISO 14850
9、 1:2012 7 . 5.1.3 . a) “ ”( , ) ： b) ( ) ： ( ) ( ) , c) ： ( , ) ( , ) 5.2 5.1.3 . , “ ” . 5.2.1 , ( ) “ ” . “ ” “ ” . 5.2.2 “ ” ( ). “ ” . “ ” , . ( 1 ). , ： 2 50 keV 2 MeV . . KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 8 ： “ ” . . , . . , 133Ba, 152Eu 241Am( 239Pu, 137Cs 60Co .) . , . . 1 “ ” kg m 3 100 300 150 400 ( )
10、 700 1 000 2 300 2 keV % 60Co (5.2710.001) 1 173.240.004 1 332.500.005 99.890.02 99.980.001 88Y (106.620.02) 898.040.004 1 836.060.013 94.100.5 99.360.05 137Cs (30.150.02) 661.660.003 85.200.2 133Ba (10.50.1) 53.160.001 79.620.01 81.000.005 276.400.002 302.850.001 356.020.002 383.850.003 2.200.04 2.
11、630.08 34.100.5 7.170.04 18.320.07 62.000.3 8.930.06 KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 9 2 ( ) keV % 152Eu (13.530.03) 121.78 244.700.001 344.280.002 411.120.005 443.980.007 778.900.006 867.390.008 964.130.009 1 085.910.013 1 089.700.015 1 112.120.017 1 212.950.012 1 299.12 1 408.010.015 28.400.15 7.540.05 26.5
12、20.18 2.250.016 3.100.02 12.940.07 4.230.03 14.600.08 10.090.04 1.740.008 13.560.06 1.420.01 1.630.01 20.800.12 235U (7.04E 081E 06) 143.760.02 163.330.02 185.720.005 205.310.01 10.960.08 5.080.04 57.200.5 5.010.05 238Pu (87.740.1) 99.850.001 152.720.002 7.4E-038E-05 9.4E-041E-05 239Pu (2.41E 0430)
13、51.620.001 94.66 98.44 129.300.001 203.550.005 332.850.005 345.010.004 375.050.003 413.710.005 2.7E-024E-04 4.8E-032E-04 7.8E-032E-04 6.2E-036E-05 5.7E-044E-06 5.0E-041E-05 5.6E-048E-06 1.6E-031E-05 1.5E-033E-05 240Pu (6 56010) 160.310.003 4.0E-044E-06 241Pu (14.40.1) 148.570.01 164.610.02 208.010.0
14、3 1.9E-043E-06 4.5E-052E-06 5.3E-042E-05 241Am (432.70.6) 59.540.001 35.900.4 5.2.3 a) “ ” , - d . 21d . b) “ ” , . KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 10 . . , ( ) PVC . . R( , R/2, 2/R ) . . 8 , (visible) . ( , 5 cm ) . 5.2.4 ( ) , . 5.2.5 , . . 5.3 5.3.1 , . , a) ： b) (ADC) ： 5.3.2 , . (FWHM) . . 122.0 keV(57C
15、o), 121.8 keV(152Eu) 1 332.5 keV(60Co) . 5.3.3 KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 11 1 keV ( ). 5.3.4 ( , 10 000 ). , , , ( ) . 5.4 (1) . ),(11)(21e,e,e,ee,LkkfKABNiiiiii= (2) 5 . (Ni, e Be)； 1/i, e； 1/Ai, e； Ki fi, e(k1, k2, ). , . 1 . 2/1212e,2)2,1(e,c222e,2c2e,22ee,2e1e,c),()(+=LLkkfuKuAuuBNtBtNuikkifiiKiiAii
16、iiii(3) , t1 t2 Ni, e Be . (3) . . , )(e),(geoe,)(e),(ec)e)(ec,e1eiixxixCfii=(4) Cgeo： (ec, e) (i, e)： e i x(ec) x(i)： fi, e . KS A ISO 14850 1:2012 12 (4) 2/12e),(2)(2)(2e),(2e)(ec,2(ec)2(ec)2e)(ec,2geo2geoe,e,c4 +iiixixCiifuxuuxuCufu (5) , 2/112e,e,e,e,e,c)1()(1=njijiiiifnffffu(6) fj, i, e： n j e,if ： n fi, e 6 . ,
