1、 Standard Test Method Test Method for Measurement of Gouge Resistance of Coating Systems This NACE International standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he
2、or she has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE standard is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, o
3、r use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. This standard represents minimum requirements and should in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better
4、procedures or materials. Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. NACE assumes no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this standard by other parties and a
5、ccepts responsibility for only those official NACE interpretations issued by NACE in accordance with its governing procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. Users of this NACE standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, en
6、vironmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE standard may not necessarily address all potential health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use of materials, equipment, and/or operat
7、ions detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this NACE standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing appli
8、cable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this standard. CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE standards are subject to periodic review, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time in accordance with NACE technical committee procedures. NACE requires that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw t
9、his standard no later than five years from the date of initial publication and subsequently from the date of each reaffirmation or revision. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers of NACE standards may receive current information on all standards and other NACE publications b
10、y contacting the NACE FirstService Department, 15835 Park Ten Place, Houston, TX 77084-5145 (telephone +1 281-228-6200). Approved 2015-06-25 NACE International 15835 Park Ten Place Houston, Texas 77084-5145 +1 281-228-6200 ISBN 1-57590-316-2 2015, NACE International NACE TM0215-2015 Item No. 21270 T
11、M0215-2015 NACE International i _ Foreword Organic coatings are the most frequently used materials to protect buried ferrous metal pipelines from corrosion and mechanical damage. During storage, transport, and installation, pipes are exposed to severe mechanical stress that can lead to damage of the
12、 protective coating layer. Therefore, it is important to use coatings with high-mechanical strength and toughness. Impact resistance, wear resistance, hardness, and resistance to shear scratch/indentation are good indicators of the coatings mechanical strength and toughness. This NACE standard test
13、method describes a reliable measuring methodology for determining the gouge resistance to shear scratch/indentation of coating systems. The purpose of this standard is to provide a test method for determining the gouge resistance of coating systems used on buried ferrous metal pipelines. There have
14、been several efforts in the past to develop a reliable test method for determining the gouge resistance of coating systems, but they failed because different kinds of test equipment and test conditions have led to scattered data. This tighter test method should lead to more consistent test data. Thi
15、s latest effort to develop a test method was driven by the joint efforts of representatives of coating manufacturers, coating applicators, equipment suppliers, corrosion specialists, and other personnel concerned with the construction of underground pipeline facilities. It is intended to be used by
16、pipeline operating companies, pipeline owners, pipeline contractors, pipeline inspection services, and pipeline coating mills. This test method was prepared in 2015 by Task Group (TG) 034, “Pipeline Coatings, ExternalGouge Test.” It is administered by Specific Technology Group (STG) 03, “Coatings an
17、d Linings, ProtectiveImmersion and Buried Service.” It is sponsored by STG 35, “Pipelines, Tanks, and Well Casings.” This standard is issued by NACE under the auspices of STG 03. In NACE standards, the terms shall, must, should, and may are used in accordance with the definitions of these terms in t
18、he NACE Publications Style Manual. The terms shall and must are used to state a requirement, and are considered mandatory. The term should is used to state something good and is recommended, but is not considered mandatory. The term may is used to state something considered optional. _ TM0215-2015 i
19、i NACE International _ NACE International Standard Test Method Test Method for Measurement of Gouge Resistance of Coating Systems Contents 1. General . 1 2. Equipment . 1 3. Test Samples 3 4. Conditioning of Test Samples. 3 5. Test Procedures . 4 6. Report . 5 7. References . 6 FIGURES Figure 1: Sch
20、ematic of Gouge Test 1 Figure 2: Example of a Gouge 1 Figure 3a: SL1 Smooth Carbide Bit 2 Figure 3b: SL1 Single Cut Burr . 2 Figure 3c: SL1 Hard Metal Burr 2 Figure 4: Example of a Gouge Depth Gauge . 3 Figure 5: Test Sample with Gouges and Straight Lines Drawn Through Middle Points . 5 _ TM0215-201
21、5 NACE International 1 _ Section 1: General 1.1 This standard describes the design and operation of an apparatus to determine the gouge resistance of pipe coatings. 1.2 This test method is used for organic coatings that are used on buried ferrous metal pipelines. The primary application is for testi
22、ng thermosetting coatings (e.g., fusion-bonded epoxy FBE, liquid epoxy). Polyolefins (polyethylene PE and polypropylene PP may also use this test method. _ Section 2: Equipment 2.1 Gouge Test Apparatus 2.1.1 A shear gouge test apparatus consisting of a gouge tool (see Paragraph 2.1.2), an adjustable
23、 load system (see Paragraph 2.1.3), and other accessories necessary for repeatable test results shall be used (see Figures 1 and 2). Figure 1: Schematic of a Gouge Test Apparatus Figure 2: Example of a Gouge Tester TM0215-2015 2 NACE International 2.1.2 A gouge tool, the SL-11,2smooth carbide bit (i
24、.e., not SL-1M), and single cut burrare shown in Figure 3a and Figure 3b, respectively. The size of the bit and burr are referenced in ISO(1)7755.10 as shown in Figure 3c.2They are specified as d = 6 mm (0.24 in), l = 16 mm (0.625 in) and R 1.2 mm (0.05 in). 2.1.3 The SL-1 gouge tool shall be replac
25、ed after a maximum of 60 gougings and the smooth gouge tool can be used for up to 100 gouges. Gouge tools shall not be used after direct contact with the metal of the test samples (see Paragraph 5.3.7). Figure 3a: SL-1 Smooth Carbide Bit Figure 3b: SL-1 Single Cut Burr Figure 3c: SL-1 Hard metal bur
26、r 2.1.4 An adjustable load system shall apply a total load, including the gouge tool assembly, of 30 kg (66 lb) or 50 kg (110 lb) and other loads as required, to the gouge tool at a 90 angle against the coating. The load at the tip of the gouge tool shall be calibrated a minimum of once per year. 2.
27、1.5 The speed of the sample movement shall be 250 mm/min 50 mm/min (10 in/min 2 in/min) (see Paragraph 5.3.4). 2.2 The nominal thickness of the coating on the test samples shall be determined using a coating thickness gauge with an accuracy of 3% of the reading. (1)International Organization for Sta
28、ndardization (ISO), 1 ch. de la Voie-Creuse, Case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland. TM0215-2015 NACE International 3 2.3 A gouge depth gauge (example shown in Figure 4) shall have an accuracy of 0.01 mm (0.4 mil). The tip of the probe shall have an end radius less than 1.2 mm (0.05 in), bu
29、t shall not be a sharp needle-type tip. Figure 4: Example of a Gouge Depth Gauge 2.4 A rigid, straight-edge ruler with a minimum length of 100 mm (4 in) and an accuracy of 1 mm (0.04 in) shall be used for evaluation. 2.5 The accuracy of the load shall be 1% of the load. 2.6 Holiday testing shall use
30、 the appropriate method based on coating thickness in accordance with NACE SP0188.3_ Section 3: Test Samples 3.1 The test samples shall be laboratory coated panels or cut coupons from a pipe. The laboratory coated panels shall be prepared in accordance with the coating manufacturers or customers rec
31、ommended processes and coating thickness shall be the same as that used in service on the pipeline. 3.2 The size of laboratory coated panels shall be approximately 100 mm x100 mm x min 6 mm (4 in x 4 in x 0.24 in) thickness. The coupons cut from a pipe shall measure approximately 100 mm (pipe longit
32、udinal direction) x 50 mm x pipe wall thickness (4 in pipe longitudinal direction x 2 in x pipe wall thickness). 3.3 The test samples shall have a surface representative of the final product without visible scratches or other defects. 3.4 The test samples shall be holiday-free in accordance with NAC
33、E SP0188. 3.5 One laboratory coated panel shall be provided. The panel shall be gouged three times, resulting in three parallel gouges. The distance between individual gouges shall be at least 10 mm (0.4 in) (see Paragraph 5.3.2). For coupons cut from a pipe, three samples are required. Each test sa
34、mple shall be gouged only once at the apex of the pipe segment curvature (see Paragraph 5.3.2). The cut coupon should be strong enough to withstand a deformation caused by the applied load. _ Section 4: Conditioning of Test Samples 4.1 The test samples shall be conditioned (i.e., aged) in a standard
35、 laboratory atmosphere of 23 2 C (74 2 F), or at other specified temperature for a minimum of 24 hours before the test, or in accordance with the coating system manufacturers specifications. Aging time of each test sample shall be recorded. TM0215-2015 4 NACE International _ Section 5: Test Procedur
36、es 5.1 Cleaning of Test Samples 5.1.1 The test samples shall be washed using warm tap water to remove any machining or cutting oils or loose soils from the sample. If needed, a mild detergent and a nonabrasive pad may be used to lightly scrub the coating surface. 5.1.2 The test samples shall be ligh
37、tly towel dried, avoiding any excessive scrubbing of the coating surface because gouges may result. 5.2 Coating Thickness 5.2.1 The thicknesses of the individual coating layers should be reported based on measurement with a Tooke gauge in accordance with ASTM(2) D41384or other measurements. 5.2.2 If
38、 an overall coating thickness is required, the nominal thickness should be determined in accordance with ASTM G12.5A minimum of nine measurements shall be performed on the surface of the test sample (ideally in the regions of the panel to be gouge tested). The average thickness and variation on the
39、samples shall be reported and be in accordance with the specified thickness for the mother pipe. 5.3 Procedure 5.3.1 The test sample shall be fixed on the sliding platform of the gouge test apparatus, and the coating side shall be facing up and in a horizontal position. For pipe coupon samples, the
40、longitudinal direction shall be parallel to the direction of movement and perpendicular to the gouge tool. 5.3.2 The gouge test shall be performed with a minimum distance of 12 mm (0.5 in) from the sample edges. The distance between individual gouges should be a minimum of 10 mm (0.4 in) for laborat
41、ory coated panels. Coupons cut from a pipe shall be tested only once per sample in the middle of the sample at the apex of the pipe curvature. The test area shall be perpendicular to the gouge tool. 5.3.3 A load of 30 kg for single-layer FBE coatings, and 50 kg for dual- and triple-layer FBE coating
42、s, multilayer liquid abrasion resistant overcoatings (ARO), and extruded polyolefin coatings, shall be applied onto the gouge tool and the test shall be started immediately to avoid the gouge tool penetrating the coating over time and causing a deeper gouge than would normally be observed. 5.3.3.1 O
43、ther test loads may be specified by the customer. 5.3.4 The sample shall be moved at a speed of 250 mm/min 50 mm/min (10 in/min 2 in/min) over a distance of 75 mm (3 in). The movement shall be at a constant speed without wavering. Any observation of chattering or skipping of the tool during scribing
44、 invalidates that test. 5.3.5 When samples are tested at a temperature other than ambient, the gouge test shall be finished within 2 minutes of removal of the samples from the oven or refrigerator. 5.3.6 The test samples shall be removed from the apparatus. 5.3.7 The SL-1 gouge tool shall be replace
45、d after a maximum of 60 gouges and the smooth gouge tool can be used for up to 100 gouges. Gouge tools shall not be used after contact with the metal of the test samples (see Paragraph 2.1.3). 5.4 Gouge Depth Measurement 5.4.1 Any loose coating chips above the normal coating surface should be remove
46、d using a sharp knife or razor blade before taking a gouge depth measurement. Care should be taken to avoid creating a holiday in the coating. (2)ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. TM0215-2015 NACE International 5 5.4.2 The measurement reference point
47、s shall be marked for each gouge. A rigid, straight-edge ruler shall be used to draw a line across the middle point of all gouges as shown in Figure 5. Using this first line as a reference point, two more parallel lines shall be drawn across the width of the test sample, each at a distance of 25 mm
48、(1 in) from the first line. The three lines that cross the width of the gouge shall be the measurement reference points. Figure 5: Test Sample with Gouges and Straight Lines Drawn Through Middle Points 5.4.3 The probe tip of the gouge depth gauge (see Figure 4) shall be positioned on a non-damaged area of the coating surface just in f
