1、 NACE International Standard Test Method Effects of High-Temperature, High-Pressure Carbon Dioxide Decompression on Elastomeric Materials This NACE International standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance doe
2、s not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE International standard is to be construed as granting
3、any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of Letters Patent. This standard represents minimum requirements and should
4、in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials. Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. NACE International assumes no respons
5、ibility for the interpretation or use of this standard by other parties and accepts responsibility for only those official NACE International interpretations issued by NACE International in accordance with its governing procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by indivi
6、dual volunteers. Users of this NACE International standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE International standard may not necessarily add
7、ress all potential health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this NACE International standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and envi
8、ronmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this standard. CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE International standards are subject to periodic review, and may
9、be revised or withdrawn at any time in accordance with NACE technical committee procedures. NACE International requires that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of initial publication and subsequently from the date of each reaffirmati
10、on or revision. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers of NACE International standards may receive current information on all standards and other NACE International publications by contacting the NACE International First Service Department, 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston, Texa
11、s 77084-4906 (telephone +1 281/228-6200) NACE Standard TM0297-2008 Item No. 21229 Reaffirmed 2008-03-15 Reaffirmed 2002-04-10 Approved 1997-10-01 NACE International 1440 South Creek Drive Houston TX, 77084 +1 (281) 228-6200 ISBN 1-57590-043-2 2008, NACE International TM0297-2008 NACE International i
12、 _ Foreword This standard test method presents information on carbon dioxide (CO2) environment testing at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure and temperatures of 50C (122F) or greater.(1)It is intended to serve as a tool in the evaluation of elastomeric materials for use in the oil field and
13、 other energy-related areas where CO2gaseous environments are encountered. The use of one standard test method allows engineers who evaluate these materials to compare data from separate laboratories that use this method. The precision of this test method and reproducibility within and among laborat
14、ories has not been established. The user of this standard is encouraged to establish statistical significance of the data resulting from this test method. Other technical organizations may have comparable standard test methods. No attempt or implication is made to establish any pass/fail criteria fo
15、r material tested by this method. The change in properties of an elastomeric material is indicative of its resistance to a specific environment. This test method can be regarded only as a relative measure of the resistance of a material under the conditions of this particular test, and does not nece
16、ssarily have any direct relation to service performance. The significance of the results can be determined only by each laboratory for its particular application. This standard was originally prepared in 1997 by NACE International Task Group T-1G-26, a component of Unit Committee T-1G on Protective
17、Coatings, Elastomers, and Other Nonmetallic Materials for Oilfield Use. This standard was reaffirmed in 2002 and 2008 by Specific Technology Group (STG) 33Oil and Gas Production: Nonmetallics and Wear Coatings (Metallic). NACE International technical committees are composed of industry representativ
18、es including consumers, producers, and other interested individuals. This standard is issued under the auspices of STG 33. In NACE standards, the terms shall, must, should, and may are used in accordance with the definitions of these terms in the NACE Publications Style Manual. The terms shall and m
19、ust are used to state a requirement, and are considered mandatory. The term should is used to state something good and is recommended, but is not considered mandatory. The term may is used to state something considered optional. _ _ (1) Refer toNACE Standard TM01921for testing at room temperature. T
20、M0297-2008 ii NACE International _ NACE International Standard Test Method Effects of High-Temperature, High Pressure Carbon Dioxide Decompression on Elastomeric Materials Contents 1. General 1 2. Definitions. 1 3. Test Environment . 1 4. Test Conditions. 1 5. Test Specimens 2 6. Test Equipment 2 7.
21、 Test Procedures . 2 8. Reporting of Test Results. 4 References . 4 Bibliography 5 _ TM0297-2008 NACE International 1 _ Section 1: General 1.1 This standard sets forth procedures to measure the effect on elastomeric materials subjected to rapid depressurization from elevated pressures and temperatur
22、es of 50C (122F) or greater in dry CO2environments and is designed for testing O-rings or other test specimens of elastomeric vulcanizates.(2)This method is not applicable to the testing of cellular rubber or porous materials. 1.2 This standard may be used to evaluate materials in either the free or
23、 constrained state. If the state is constrained, the fixture design shall be agreed on by the parties involved. 1.3 This standard sets forth procedures for the preparation of test specimens and equipment to be used, the test procedures to be followed, and procedures for reporting test results. The t
24、est results are determined by monitoring changes in physical and mechanical properties as well as changes in appearance of the test specimen after exposure to CO2. 1.4 In view of the wide range of service conditions, this standard is intended only to provide a means of initial material evaluation an
25、d comparison. The test results are not intended to provide any direct correlation with service performance. This standard is useful in conducting research and development of elastomeric vulcanizates. 1.5 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: This test involves the use of high-pressure CO2. The appropriate safety prec
26、autions for working with high-pressure gases shall be observed. One source of safety information is CGA(3)P-1.2_ Section 2: Definitions 2.1 ASTM(4)D 15663provides definitions of technical terms used in this standard. _ Section 3: Test Environment 3.1 Standard industrial-grade CO2(99% minimum purity)
27、 shall be used for this testing. It is usually desirable to evaluate elastomers in the specific environments where they will be in service. However, the use of this standard CO2environment is intended to provide a uniform basis for the evaluation and comparison of different elastomeric materials. _
28、Section 4: Test Conditions 4.1 Test Temperature 4.1.1 The test shall be performed at one of the following temperatures: 50, 100, 120, 150, 175, or 230 3C (122, 212, 248, 302, 347, or 446 5F). The test temperature shall be stated in the test report. 4.2 Test Pressure 4.2.1 The test shall be performed
29、 at one of the following gauge pressures: 7, 17, 28, or 38 0.7 MPa (1,000, 2,500, 4,000, or 5,500 100 psig). The pressure at test temperature shall be stated in the test report. 4.3 Test Exposure Period 4.3.1 The test exposure period shall be 24 1 h minimum. Other test exposure periods are permitted
30、 and shall be agreed on prior to testing by parties requesting and performing the test. 4.3.2 The test exposure period shall be defined as the period elapsed from the time the test pressure and test temperature are established until the time the test pressure is discontinued or released. _ (2)Refer
31、to NACE Standard TM01921for testing at room temperature. (3)Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., 5th Floor, Chantilly, VA 20151.(4)ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.TM0297 2008 2 NACE International 4.4 Pressure Release Rate 4.4.1 The test
32、vessel shall be decompressed at a constant rate of 7 0.7 MPa/min (1,000 100 psi/min). _ Section 5: Test Specimens 5.1 Test specimen selection is often restricted by the size and shape of the available material. The test specimens geometry, cross-sectional diameter (thickness), and orientation can af
33、fect the results and must be recorded. 5.2 O-Ring Test Specimen 5.2.1 The test specimen should be an O-ring with a 37.47-mm (1.475-in) inside diameter and a 5.33-mm (0.210-in) cross-sectional diameter. This corresponds to a standard SAE(5)AS 568-3254O-ring.5.2.2 Alternate test specimens are acceptab
34、le as long as the size and configuration are recorded. 5.3 Test specimens shall be obtained from one batch of compound that is large enough to complete the necessary testing. 5.3.1 A minimum of nine test specimens per batch are required to execute this test as described in Paragraphs 7.2.3 and 7.3.2
35、. For each additional exposure condition, a minimum of six additional test specimens are required for each batch in accordance with Paragraph 7.3.2. _ Section 6: Test Equipment 6.1 Test Vessels 6.1.1 Many types of test vessels or chambers are acceptable for the exposure of elastomers to CO2 environm
36、ents. The test vessel shall be rated for the maximum pressure stated in Paragraph 4.2.1. 6.1.2 Test vessels shall be capable of being purged to remove air before testing is initiated. 6.1.3 The size of the test vessel shall be such that the ratio of the vessels volume to the total test specimen volu
37、me is greater than 25 to 1. 6.1.4 If the test fixture uses elastomeric seals, it should be selected with care because it is subject to the same conditions as the test specimen. NOTE: The seals may need to be replaced after each test. 6.2 When constrained testing is performed, details of the test fix
38、ture shall be recorded._ Section 7: Test Procedure 7.1 The test procedures in this standard provide for the determination of physical changes of the free-state test specimen as follows: Change in visual appearance (internal and external) Change in tensile properties: ASTM D 412,5ASTM D 14146 Change
39、in tensile strength Change in ultimate elongation Change in modulus Change in cross-sectional diameter (optional) Change in durometer hardness: ASTM D 2240,7ASTM D 14158(optional) Change in durometer hardness (ASTM D 2240)7(ASTM D 1415)8(optional) 7.2 Test Specimen Preparation 7.2.1 The original cro
40、ss-sectional diameter of each test specimen shall be measured and recorded. _ (5) SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. TM0297-2008 NACE International 3 7.2.2 The original hardness of each test specimen shall be measured and recorded. 7.2.3 The original tensile pr
41、operties shall be determined using three test specimens from one batch used for the exposure tests. 7.2.3.1 The properties measured shall be tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and modulus at 25, 50, and 100% elongation or higher when applicable. The data shall be recorded in the test report. 7.3
42、 Test Exposure Sequence 7.3.1 Three of the test specimens shall be measured to determine the cross-sectional diameter, hardness, and tensile properties and the measured values shall be recorded in the test report. 7.3.2 Six of the test specimens shall be placed in the test vessel. 7.3.3 The test ves
43、sel shall be purged three times with CO2for 20 to 30 s at a gauge pressure no greater than 0.7 MPa (100 psig) to remove any air. 7.3.4 The test vessel shall be charged with CO2at a minimum rate of 0.7 MPa/min (100 psi/min) to a precalculated pressure at the starting test temperature to achieve the a
44、pproximate test pressure at the specified test temperature. 7.3.5 The test vessel shall be heated to the specified test temperature selected in accordance with Paragraph 4.1.1. This temperature shall be recorded in the test report. The pressure shall be monitored so that it does not exceed the maxim
45、um test pressure. 7.3.6 The test vessel pressure shall be adjusted with CO2to the test pressure selected in accordance with Paragraph 4.2.1. This pressure shall be recorded in the test report. 7.3.6.1 Pressure and temperature when raised concurrently shall not exceed the maximum pressure and tempera
46、ture limits. 7.3.7 The test specimens shall be maintained at the test pressure in CO2at the selected test temperature for 24 1 h minimum. Other exposure periods are permitted and shall be agreed on prior to testing by parties requesting and performing the test. 7.3.8 Depressurization 7.3.8.1 A minimum of one depressurization cycle is acceptable. Additional cycles are permitted and shall be agreed on prior to testing by parties requesting and performing the test, and shall be recorded in the test report. If multiple depressurization cycles are performed, a
