1、Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NASA Technical Memorandum 4368 NASA Aerodynamics Program Annual Report 1991 Louis J. Williams, Kristin A. Hessenius, Victor R. Corsiglia, Gary Hicks, Pamela F. Richardson, George Unger, Benjamin Neumann
2、, and Jim Moss NASA Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology Washington, D.C. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Off ice of Management Scientific and Technical Information Program 1992 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-This
3、 annual report contains information describing highlighted accomplishments for the past year from NASAs Aerodynamics Research and Technology Program. The Aerodynamics Research and Technology Program is conducted as part of the response to NASAs charter to: (1) Preserve the role of the United States
4、as a leader in aeronauti- cal science and technology, and the application thereof; (2) Improve the usefulness, perfor- mance, speed, safety, and efficiency of aeronautical vehicles; (3) Supervise and direct the scientific study of the problems of flight with a view to their practical solution; and (
5、4) Ensure the timely provision of a proven technology base for a safe, efficient, and environ- mentally compatible air transportation system. The Aerodynamic Research and Technology Program includes both fundamental and applied research directed at the full spectrum of aerospace vehicles, from rotor
6、craft to planetary entry probes. The program encompasses analytical, computational, and experi- mental efforts conducted using the worlds best wind tunnel, computational, and flight research facilities at NASAs Ames and Langley Research Centers. It is impossible to do justice to the breadth and dept
7、h of this comprehensive research program in a single document. The intent of this report is to render a balanced view of NASAs Aerodynamics Program by presenting accomplishment highlights from fiscal year 1991. Other documents and conferences provide a more extensive forum for detailed coverage of a
8、 given area. For brevity, we have not included all of the highlights that were submitted for consideration, and we apologize to those whose submissions were not incorporated. This report is arranged in chapters which outline the applied research and technology programs by vehicle type and the fundam
9、ental research by subject area. Each chapter includes an introduction by the appropriate Aerodynamics Division program manager, and each accomplishment highlight identifies the responsible researcher at the field centers. To facilitate communication, the address and phone numbers are also listed. Du
10、ring this year, the Aerodynamics Research and Technology Program was managed by the Aerodynamics Division, one of five divisions in the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) at NASA Headquarters. At the close of 1991 OAST was reorganized, and the five discipline divisions were replaced b
11、y separate aeronautics and space divi- sions in spedc thrust areas. In line with this new organization, this will be the last report of this type covering the entire Aerodynamics Research and Technology Program. Mr. Louis J. Williams Dr. Kristin A. Hessenius Director Deputy Director Aerodynamics Div
12、ision, Code RF National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC 20546 , i Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-, Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Table of Content
13、s Chapter One Subsonic Aerodynamics . 1 Hybrid Laminar Flow Control Flight Research . 3 Vortex Generators for High-Lift Airfoils . 5 Porous Transonic Airfoils for Multipoint Design . 7 Subsonic Transport High-Lift Flight Research - Phase I . 9 Chapter Two Test Techniques and Instrumentation 11 Lumin
14、escent Paint Sensor Development . 13 Phosphor Thermography Technique 17 Using Holographic Interferometry 19 Measurement Techniques for Hypersonic Flows . 21 Temperature and Density Measurements in Air Using Laser-Induced Fluorescence 15 Density Field Measurements in a Nonequilibrium Expanding Flow C
15、hapter Three Transition and Turbulence Physics 23 Compressible Boundary Layer Transition Using PSE . 25 Compressible Large-Eddy Simulation of Isotropic Turbulence 27 Compressible Turbulence Modeling for High-speed Shear Layers 29 Development of a Mach 18 Quiet Helium Tunnel . 31 Efficient Supersonic
16、 Wind Tunnel Drive System for Transition Research at Mach 2.5 . 37 Simulation of Homogeneous Turbulence on the Intel i860 Hypercube 43 Compressible Turbulence: Modeling Rapid Compression 45 Direct Simulation of Compressible Homogeneous Shear Flow 33 Dynamic Subgrid Scale Modeling and the New LES Pro
17、gram . 35 Numerical Simulation of Laminar Breakdown in Supersonic Transition 39 Receptivity of Low-Speed Boundary Layers . 41 Separating Boundary Layer Experiment for Turbulence Modeling . 47 Chapter Four Computational Methods and Validation 49 Direct Numerical Simulation of Transition and Turbulenc
18、e in a Spatially Evolving Boundary Layer . 51 Multigrid Algorithm for Hypersonic Viscous Flows . 53 Unstructured and Adaptive Multigrid for the Three-Dimensional Euler Equations 55 S3D - An Interactive Surface Grid Generation Tool . 57 Accelerated Preparation of Grid Generation Input Data 59 Numeric
19、al Simulation of the YAV-8B Harrier VSRA in Ground Effect 61 High-speed Civil Transport Navier-Stokes Computations 63 CFD-Based Aerodynamics Design of Hypersonic Wind Tunnel Nozzles 65 Turbulent Flow Over a Backward Facing Step 67 Nebwall Laser Velocimeter Measurements 69 iii Provided by IHSNot for
20、ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Chapter Five Numerical Aerodynamics Simulation (NAS) . 71 Parallel Computers in the NAS Program . 73 NAS Parallel Benchmarks 75 Virtual Wind Tunnel 77 Vector Field Topology Visualization Software . 79 Distributed and Cooperat
21、ive Processing of Unsteady Fluid Flows . 81 Chapter Six Rotorcraft 83 Large-Scale Tiltrotor Performance Program 85 Tiltrotor Download Reduction . 89 Tiltrotor Hover Acoustics 91 Civil Tiltrotor Technology . 93 Number for the XV-15 Tiltrotor Aircraft 95 Stability, and Performance 97 Analysis of Tiltr
22、otor Phenomena Utilizing CAMRAD/JA 99 Blade-Vortex Interaction Noise Prediction Validation 101 High Resolution Rotor Blade Loads for Blade-Vortex Interaction Noise Prediction 103 Ray-Acoustics Approach to Fuselage Scattering of Rotor Noise 105 Rotor Impulsive Noise Reduction Using Higher Harmonic Co
23、ntrol . 107 Cooperative Army/NASA/Boeing Pressure-Instrumented Rotor Program . 109 Rotor/Fuselage Aerodynamic Interactions Program 111 Five-Bladed Bearingless Rotor Program . 115 Rotor Airloads Correlation Using CFDLifting-Line Methods . 117 Rotor Flow Field Investigation 119 Tiltrotor Aemlastic Sta
24、bility Control . 87 Theoretical Determination of Noise Reduction With Increasing Blade XV-WATB Flight Investigations: Advanced Technology Blades Loads. Rotor-Wake-Fuselage Code Development 113 Chapter Seven FightedAttack Aircraft . 121 Full-scale Test of F/A-18 at High Angles-of-Attack . 123 Require
25、ments for Relaxed Static Stability Combat Aircraft . 127 Investigation of the Tumbling Phenomenon in Aerodynamic Configurations 129 F- 106 Vortex Flap night Experiment 131 STOVL E-7A Configuration . 135 Validation of Out of Ground Effect Prediction Capability for Powered Lift Aircraft . 137 Comparis
26、on of Shaved and Beveled Fins for Rolling Missile Applications . 139 STOL/STOVL Concepts for High-Performance Aircraft 141 Effect of a Close-Coupled Canard on Wing-Body Aerodynamics 143 Fundamental Research in Vortex Interactions . 145 Tail Buffet Research 125 Development of High- Angle-of- Attack N
27、ose-Down Pitch Control Wing Camber Effects on Flap Effectiveness at Supersonic Speeds 133 Outdoor Static Tests of the Full-scale Ejector-Lift/Vectored-Thmst . iv Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Chapter Eight Hypersonic Aerodynamics .
28、147 Experimental Study of Hypersonic Shock-Wave/Turbulent-Boundary Layer Interaction Elows . 149 Numerical Performance Estimates for a Generic Hypersonic Forebody . 151 Aero-Space Mane Configuration . 153 Computatiomd/Expeiimental Parametric Study of 3-D Scramjet Irilets at Mach 10 . 155 Technique f
29、or Hypersonic Powered Tests of Airbreathing Configurations . 157 Effect of Inlet Representation on Powered Hypersonic Aftbody Flows 159 Advanced Aem-Propulsion Performance Design Tool (PEMACH) . 163 Wing Glove for Pegasus Crossflow Transition Experiment 165 Calculation of Forebody Flow Field for a C
30、andidate Generic Scramjet Nozzle/Aftbody Studies 161 Chapter Nine Aeroacoustics Research and Technology . 167 Jet Noise Redictions for Reduced Thrust Takeoff Study 169 ASTOVL Acoustic Loads Test 171 Aeroacoustic Loads on F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV) 173 DireGt Computation of Aerodynamic S
31、ound Generation . 175 Computational Model for Long-Range Acoustic Propagation 177 Quiet Struts and Sensors for Wind Tunnel Acoustic Studies 179 Chapter Ten High Speed Research 181 Effect of Fuselage Forebody Fineness Ratio on HSCT High-Lift Directional Stabilty . 183 High-Lift Systems Research for H
32、SCT Application 185 Integration of Flight Simulation With Aircraft Noise Prediction . 187 Design System for Low Sonic Boom Configurations 189 Sonic Boom Shaping For Reduced Loudness 191 Prediction of Subjective Response to Sonic Booms 193 Indoor/Outdoor Sonic Boom Simulation Facility 195 Preliminary
33、 Sonic Boom Survey 197 Minimum Sonic Boom Rise Time Determined by Absorption . 199 Supersonic Laminar Flow Control Program 201 Flow Quality Study in the Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel . 203 Chapter Eleven Aerot ermodynamics Research and Tchnology 205 Advancements in Radiation Transport . 207 Energetics of
34、 Gas-Surface Interactions in Transitional Flows at Entry Velocities . 209 Asynchmnous Macrotasked Relaxation Strategies for the Solution of Viscous Hypersonic Flows 211 Particle Simulation in a Multiprocessor Environment . 213 Numerical and Experimental Analyses of Small Rocket Flows 215 Hypersonic
35、Rarefied Flow About a Compression Comer . 217 Advancement in Developing an Efficient 3-D DSMC Code . 219 V Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Flow-Field Computations for Shuttle Orbiter 221 Approximate Heating Analysis 223 Data on a Modi
36、fied Shuttle Orbiter at MACH 6 225 Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Shock-Induced Combustion 227 HL-2O/HL-20 A/B Lifting Body Configurations 229 Comparison of Heating Rate Calculations with Experimental Aerodynamic/Aemtherodynamic Characteristics of Chapter Twelve Aerobraking 231 Effect of Atmospher
37、ic and Aerodynamic Uncertainties on Manned-Mars Aerobrake Feasibility . 233 Heat Shield Erosion in a Dusty Martian Atmosphere 235 Aerobraked Lunar Transfer Vehicle Cost and Operatios Study 237 Aerobrake Design Studies for Manned Mars Missions . 239 Heating Rates for Aeroassist Flight Experiment 241
38、Wake Flows for Aerobrakes . 243 Aeroassist Flight Experiment Ground-Based Testing 245 . vi Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-List of Figures Chapter One Subsonic Aerodynamics . 1 Figure 1.1 . Figure 1-2 . Figure 1-3 . Figure 1-4 . Hybri
39、d Laminar Flow Conml night Research 2 Separation Control for High-Lift Airfoils; Three Element Landing Configuration; Counter Rotating Low-Profile Vortex Generators . 4 Porosity for Transonic Airfoils With a View Toward Multipoint Design 6 Flight Results on a Subsonic Transport Flap System 8 Chapter
40、 WQ Test Techniques and Instrumentation 11 Figure 2.1 . Figure 2.2 . Figure 2.3 . Figure 2-4 . Figure 2.5 . Luminescent Paint Sensor Development 12 Laser-Induced Fluorescence Instrumentation in the Ames 3.5-Foot Hypersonic Wind Tunnel 14 Application of Thermographic Phosphor Technique 16 Holographic
41、 Interferometry Layout at EAST Reflected Shock Tunnel 18 Mared Map of Wakes Behind Vortex Generators in Hypersonic Flow . 20 Chapter Three Wansition and hrbulence Physics 23 Figure 3.1 . Figure 3.2 . Figure 3.3 . Figure 3-4 . Figure 3.6 . Figure 3.7 . FiguE 3.5 . Figure 3.8 . Figure 3.9 . Figure 3.1
42、0 . Figure 3-1 1 . Figure 3.12 . Evolution of Linear and Nonlinear Disturbances in Mach 1.6 Boundary Large-Eddy Simulation of Compressible Isotropic Turbulence . 26 Effect of Compressibility Corrections on Vorticity Thickness Growth Rate . 28 Mach 18 Quiet Helium Tunnel . 30 Direct Simulation of Com
43、pressible Homogeneous Shear Flow . 32 Dynamic Subgrid Scale Modeling and the New LES Program 34 Efficient Supersonic Wind Tunnel Drive System for Transition Research at Mach 2.5 . 36 Precursor Effect in Hypersonic Transition 38 Receptivity of Low-Speed Boundary Layers 40 Simulation of Homogeneous Tu
44、rbulence on the Intel i860 Hypercube 42 (A) Pressure Dilatation During 1D Rapid Compression Layer Flow at the Given Nondimensional Frequency F(R= dReJ 24 (B) Response of Turbulent Energy to the Normal Shock . 44 An Experiment to Guide Turbulence Modeling for Separated Flows 46 Chapter Four Computati
45、onal Methods and Validation 49 Figure 4.1 . Figure 4.2 . Figure 4-3 . Direct Numerical Simulation of Transition and Turbulence in a Spatially Evolving Boundary Layer 50 Multigrid Algorithm for Hypersonic Viscous Flows 52 Unstructured and Adaptive Multigrid for the Three-Dimensional Euler Equations .
46、 54 S3D - An Interactive Surface Grid Generation Tool 56 Figure 4-4 . . vii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Figure 4.5 . Figure 4.6 . Figure 4.8 . Acceleted Preparation of Grid Generation Input Data . 58 Numerical Simulation of the YA
47、V-8B Harrier VSRA in Ground Effect . 60 Figure 4.7 . High-speed Civil Transport Navier-Stokes Confguration . 62 CFD-Based Hypefionic Wind Tunnel Nozzle Design 64 Figure 4.9 . Turbulent Flow Over a Backward Facing Step . 66 Figure 4.10 . Near-Wall Laser Velocimeter . 68 Chapter Five Numerical Aerodyn
48、amics Simulation (NAS) . 71 Figure 5.1 . Parallel Computers in the NAS Program 72 Performance of NAS Pseudo CFD Applications 74 Figure 5.3 . Virtual Wind Tunnel . 76 Figure 5-4 . Harrier Topological Vortex Cores . 78 Figure 5.5 . Distributed and Cooperative Visualization of Unsteady Fluid Flow 80 Fi
49、gure 5.2 . Chapter Six Rotorcraft 83 Figure 6.1 . Figure 6.2 . Figure 6-4 . Figure 6.5 . Figure 6.3 . Figure 6.6 . Figure 6.7 . Figure 6.8 . Figure 6.9 . Figure 6.10 . Figure 6.11 . Figure 6.12 . Figure 6.13 . Figure 6.15 . Figure 6.16 . Figre 6.14 . Figure 6.17 . Figure 6.18 . Large-Scale Tiltrotor Performance Program . 84 Til
