1、2011 年南京大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷及答案与解析一、填空题1 1 , a nineteenth-century literary critic, describes literary criticism as “ a disinterested endeavor to learn and propagate the best that is known and thought in the world“.2 At the turn of the twentieth century, there arose a more deliberate kind of realism call
2、ed 2 which aimed to provide a precise description of actual circumstances of human life in minute details.3 Poets usually create a 3 , or fictitious “character“ to express feelings and thoughts.4 For a time American poetry imitated the traditional verse of England. It was 4 who brought a new America
3、n voice to the world.5 For the generation who had lived through the wars, the problem of communication in an increasingly complex and terrifying world became the major issue. Their response to the spiritual and material impoverishment, and the ultimate threat of total annihilation was put clear in 5
4、6 James Joyce styled 6 in his fiction, each being shaped around a moment of revelation as “ a sudden spiritual manifestation. “7 E. M. Forster makes a distinction between 7 and 8 characters. The former are simple and unchanging; the latter are complex and dynamic.8 Many writers who figured prominent
5、ly in the 1920s, belong to the group which Gertrude Stein dubbed the 99 In the 1960s and 1970s there appeared 10 that explicitly concerns itself with the process of narration, writing, and composition.10 Author_Title_ Here is no water but only rock Rock and no water and the sandy road The road windi
6、ng above among the mountains Which are mountains of rock without water11 Author_Title_ I relinquished the intention he had detected, for I knew him! Even yet I could not recall a single feature, but I knew him! If the wind and the rain had driven away the intervening years, had scattered all the int
7、ervening objects, had swept up to the churchyard where we first stood face to face on such different levels, I could not have known my convict more distinctly than I knew him now, as he sat in the chair before the fire.12 Author_Title_ Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard Are sweeter; therefo
8、re, ye soft pipes, play on; Not to the sensual ear, but, more endeard, Pipe to the spirit ditties of no tone:13 Author_Title He felt that his luck was better than usual today. When he had reported for work that morning he had expected to be shut up in the relief office at a clerks job, for he had be
9、en hired downtown as a clerk, and he was glad to have, instead, the freedom of the streets and welcomed, at least at first, the vigor of the cold and even the blowing of the hard wind. But on the other hand he was not getting on with the distribution of the checks. It was true that it was a city job
10、; nobody expected you to push too hard at a city job.14 Author_Title_ He was an odd old guy,my grandfather,and I am told I take after him. It was he who caused the trouble. On his deathbed he called my father to him and said, “Son, after Im gone I want you to keep up the good fight. I never told you
11、, but our life is a war and I have been a traitor all my born days, a spy in the enemys country ever since I give up my gun back in the Reconstruction. Live with your head in the lions mouth. I want you to overcomeem with yeses, undermineem with grins, agreeem to death and destruction, letem swoller
12、 you till they vomit or bust wide open. “15 Author_Title_ What I must do is all that concerns me, not what the people think. This rule, equally arduous in actual and in intellectual life, may serve for the whole distinction between greatness and meanness. It is the harder because you will always fin
13、d those who think they know what is your duty better than you know it.16 Author_Title_ It was fathers idea that both he and mother should try to entertain the people who came to eat at our restaurant. I cannot now remember his words but he gave the impression of one about to become in some obscure w
14、ay a kind of public entertainer.17 Author_Title_ Honey, I told you I thoroughly checked on these stories! Now wait till I finished. The trouble with Dame Blanche was that she couldnt put on her act any more in Laurel! They got wised up after two or three dates with her and then they quit, and she go
15、es on to another, the same old line, same old act, same old hooey!18 Author_Title_ I placed a jar in Tennessee, And round it was, upon a hill. It made the slovenly wilderness Surround that hill.19 Author_Title_ When the young womanthe mother of this childstood fully revealed before the crowd, it see
16、med to be her first impulse to clasp the infant closely to her bosom; not so much by an impulse of motherly affection, as that she might thereby conceal a certain token, which was wrought or fastened into her dress.20 Author_Title_ I wake to sleep, and take my waking slow. I feel my fate in what I c
17、annot fear. I learn by going where I have to go. We think by feeling. What is there to know? I hear my being dance from ear to ear. I wake to sleep, and take my waking slow.21 Author_Title_ When the correspondent again opened his eyes, the sea and the sky were each of the gray hue of the dawning. La
18、ter, carmine and gold was painted upon the waters. The morning appeared finally, in its splendor with a sky of pure blue, and the sunlight flamed on the tips of the waves.22 Author_Title_ I was seated by the shore of a small pond, about a mile and a half south of the village of Concord and somewhat
19、higher than it, in the midst of an extensive wood between that town and Lincoln, and about two miles south of that our only filed known to fame, Concord Battle Ground;.23 Author_Title_ A succession of loud and shrill screams, bursting suddenly from the throat of the chained form, seemed to thrust me
20、 violently back. For a brief moment I hesitated, I trembled. Unsheathing my rapier, I began to grope with it about the recess; but the thought of an instant reassured me. I placed my hand upon the solid fabric of the catacombs and felt satisfied. I reapproached the wall. I replied to the yells of hi
21、m who clamoured.24 Author_Title_ Summertime, oh, summertime, pattern of life indelible, the fade-proof lake, the woods unshatterable, the pasture with the sweetfern and the juniper forever and ever, summer without end; .25 Author_Title_ Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon, Who is already sick
22、 and pale with grief That thou her maid art far more fair than she.26 Author_Title_ The earth seemed unearthly. We are accustomed to look upon the shackled form of a conquered monster, but therethere you could look at a thing monstrous and free. It was unearthly, and the men wereNo, they were not in
23、human. Well, you know, that was the worst of itthis suspicion of their not being inhuman. It would come slowly to one. They howled, and leaped, and spun, and made horrid faces; that what thrilled you was just the thought of their humanity.27 Author_Title_ Nor did wild rumors of all sorts fail to exa
24、ggerate, and still the more horrify the tale histories of these deadly encounters. For not only do fabulous rumors naturally grow out of the very body of all surprising terrible events, as the smitten tree gives birth to its fungi; but, in maritime life, far more than in that of terra firma, wild ru
25、mors abound, wherever there is any adequate reality for every other sort of maritime life, in the wonderfulness and fearfulness of the rumors which sometimes circulate there.28 Author_Title_ Sophocles long ago Heard it on the Aegean, and it brought Into his mind the turbid ebb and flow Of human mise
26、ry; we Find also in the sound a thought, Hearing it by this distant northern sea.29 Author_Title_ I imagined that I bore my chalice safely through tile throng of foes. Her name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers and praises which I myself did not understand. My eyes were often full of t
27、ears(I could not tell why)and at times a flood from my heart seemed to pour itself out into my bosom. I thought little of the future. I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration. But my body was like a harp and her word
28、s and gestures were like fingers running upon the wires.30 Author_Title_ The artist spends a lifetime in pursuing the things that haunt him, in having his mind “teased“ by them, in trying to get these conceptions down on paper exactly as they are to him and not in conventional poses supposed to reve
29、al their character; trying this method and that, as a painter tries different lightings and different attitudes with his subject to catch the one that presents it more suggestively than any other. And at the end of a lifetime he emerges with much that is more or less happy experimenting, and compara
30、tively little that is the very flower of himself and his genius.31 Author_Title_ At this point the woman, still lying prone, brought her two hands up behind her shoulders with the ends of a scarf in them, tied it behind her back, and sat up. She wore a red scarf tied around her breasts and brief red
31、 bikini pants. This being the first day of the sun she was white, flushing red.32 Author_Title_ I have already thought of ending Charless career here and now; of leaving him for eternity on his way to London. But the conventions of Victorian fiction allowed on place for the open, the inconclusive en
32、ding; and I preached earlier of the freedom characters must be given.33 Author_Title_ Butter sunk under More than a hundred years Was recovered salty and white. The ground itself is kind, black butter Melting and opening underfoot. Missing its last definition By millions of years. Theyll never dig c
33、oal here,.34 Author_Title_ I really dont see anything romantic about proposing. It is very romantic to be in love. But there is nothing romantic about a definite proposal. Why, one may be accepted. One usually is, I believe. Then, the excitement is all over. The very essence of romance is uncertaint
34、y. If ever I get married, Ill certainly try to forget the fact.二、问答题35 Briefly review the contributions that Washington Irving made to the history of American literature.36 Write a short comment on The Jazz Age.37 Write a summary of ANY story of the following: “ Looking for Mr. Green,“ “A Clean, Wel
35、l-Lighted Place“ , “Barn Burning“.38 Tess of the DUrbervilles is subtitled “a pure woman faithfully represented“. Why is Tess, a fallen woman who commits felony, considered by the author a pure woman?39 Robert Browning is noted as a writer of dramatic monologues, in which a single “actor“ speaks to
36、an implied auditor. Explain the special effects of the literary form in relation to poetic themes.40 Write a summary of Either of the following stories; “Araby“ and “Rose-Colored Teacups“.三、分析题40 Read the following poem and fulfill the tasks.(20 points)Touch it; it wont shrink like an eyeball, This
37、egg-shaped bailiwick, clear as a tear.Heres yesterday, last yearPalm-spear and lily distinct as flora in the vastWindless threadwork of a tapestry.Flick the glass with your fingernail:It will ping like a Chinese chime in the slightest air stirThough nobody in there looks up or bothers to answer.The
38、inhabitants are light as cork,Every one of them permanently busy.At their feet, the sea waves bow in single file.Never trespassing in bad temper;Stalling in midair,Short-reined, pawing like paradeground horses.Overhead, the clouds sit tasseled and fancyAs Victorian cushions. This familyOf valentine
39、faces might please a collector:They ring true, like good china.Elsewhere the landscape is more frank.The light fails without letup, blindingly.A woman is dragging her shadow in a circleAbout a bald hospital saucer.It resembles the moon, or a sheet of blank paperAnd appears to have suffered a sort of
40、 private blitzkrieg.She lives quietlyWith no attachments, like a foetus in a bottle,The obsolete house, the sea; flattened to a pictureShe has one too many dimensions to enter.Grief and anger, exorcised,Leave her alone now.The future is a grey seagullTattling in its cat-voice of departure.Age and te
41、rror, like nurses, attend her,And a drowned man, complaining of the great cold,Crawls up out of the sea. 41 Identify its author(2 points);42 Try to give it a suitable title(3 points);43 Write a short essay to discuss its thematic concerns.(15 points)44 Write a critical essay in response to the follo
42、wing questions about Shakespeares Hamlet.(30 points)1. Is Hamlet a “a sweet prince“ or an “arrant knave“?(4 points)2. Why does Hamlet delay in killing Claudius?(4 points)3. Is Hamlet mad?(2 points)4. To what extent is it right to call Hamlet a revenge play?(10 points)5. How important are politics an
43、d comedy in Hamlet?(10 points)2011 年南京大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷答案与解析一、填空题1 【正确答案】 Mathew Arnold【试题解析】 马修阿诺德(Mathew Amold ，18221888)是英国维多利亚时期著名的评论家兼诗人。他在批评的职能(The Function of Criticism)一文中，把艺术看成是“人类在世界上所知道的、所想出的最好的东西”，认为文学批评应出于“理智和精神的目的”，是为“学习和宣传这种最好的东西而做出的一种无私的努力”。2 【正确答案】 naturalism【试题解析】 自然主义是现实主义文学发展到极致而蜕
44、变出的产物，也是生物学、遗传学等科学理论影响文学创作的结果。体现在文学作品中，自然主义力求事无巨细地描绘现实，给人一种实录生活和照相式的印象。3 【正确答案】 persona【试题解析】 人物是作品中由作者创作出来的、虚构的，不是作者本人。4 【正确答案】 Walt Whitman【试题解析】 惠特曼是美国文坛最伟大的诗人之一，有“自由诗之父”的美誉。自由体诗以民主的内容、革新的形式极大地影响了美国乃至世界诗坛。5 【正确答案】 the theater of the absurd【试题解析】 荒诞派戏剧的哲学基础是存在主义，否认人类存在的意义，认为人与人根本无法沟通，世界对人类是冷酷的、不可理
45、解的，它是第二次世界大战后西方资本主义社会现实在意识形态上的反映。6 【正确答案】 epiphany【试题解析】 顿悟本是宗教术语，指突然的精神感悟，乔伊斯将其用到文学领域，他对此的定义是：所谓顿悟，指的是突然的精神感悟，不管是通俗的言辞，还是平常的手势，或是一种值得记忆的心境，都可以引发顿悟。“顿悟”理论在乔伊斯的短篇小说集都柏林人(Dubliners)中得到了充分的体现。7 【正确答案】 flat，round【试题解析】 福斯特在小说面面观(Aspects of the Novel)一书中，将小说人物分成扁平人物(flatcharacter)和圆形人物(round character)两种
46、。8 【正确答案】 lost generation【试题解析】 “迷惘的一代”是第一次世界大战后诞生于美国的一个文学流派，这个名称源于 20 世纪 20 年代初美国女作家格斯泰因对海明威所说的：“你们都是迷惘的一代。”“迷惘的一代”的作家没有统一的组织团体及共同的纲领，但他们的共同点是厌恶战争，在作品里揭露战争给人们带来的灾难，反映了战后青年一代的悲剧。他们在艺术上都很讲究表现手法的新颖及独创性。9 【正确答案】 the self-reflexive fiction【试题解析】 自省小说(the self-reflexive fiction)是后现代主义文学中的一种，其特点就是作者以小说的形式
47、反思小说的创作，这种自省意识不仅起到打破小说幻象、揭示艺术虚构本质的作用，还促使作家从对艺术创作过程的关注转向探讨艺术或想象对现实的建构与重塑的作用。10 【正确答案】 Thomas Steams Eliot, The Waste Land【试题解析】 本段选自荒原第 5 部分的雷霆的话(What Thunder Said)，这一段诗歌描述了心情沉重的门徒前往以马忤斯等待耶稣复活后的再现。一路都是沙漠，没有水，只有岩石。门徒对水的渴望表现了他们对精神生活的渴望，而岩石则暗示耶稣复活的不可能，这种痛苦影射了现代人在现代世界的荒原中渴望精神生活的复苏，但又觉得没有希望的心理。诗歌的题目荒原即由此得
48、来。11 【正确答案】 Charles Dickens, Great Expectations【试题解析】 本段选自远大前程第 39 章，描述了主人公皮普与他的神秘监护人见面的情况，而这个监护人就是当年得到皮普帮助的逃犯。12 【正确答案】 John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn【试题解析】 希腊古瓮颂是济慈对美的颂歌。诗歌通过诗人对古瓮观感以及与古瓮的对话，得出了“美即是真，真即是美(Beauty is truth ，truth beauty)”的结论。本段选自诗歌的第二节。13 【正确答案】 Saul Bellow, Looking for Mr. Green【试题解析】 本段选自寻找格林先生，这是索尔贝娄的一篇优秀的短篇小说。边缘知识分子乔治格里布一天的主要工作是在经济大萧条后的芝加哥黑人社区找到一个名叫特利弗格林的人，并把救济支票送到他手里。寻找格林先生的过程也是格里布在分崩离析的世界里探寻生存价值的过程。格里布寻找的过程比结果更具有哲学意义，因为它体现了一种思索、执着、求真的人生态度和信念。14 【正确答案】 Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man【试题解析】 看不见的人讲述了一个无名无姓的普通黑人在敌对的、异己的环境压迫下完全失去自我存在的意义，终于成了一个隐形人的故事，借以说明人的自我异化已达到虚无的程度。本段
