1、2011 年南开大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、选词填空0 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form if necessary. Each word can be used only once. 1 The new government pledged to make every effort to stabilize its ailing economy by _ national debts.2 She proposed that_should be recognized as one of
2、 the major disciplines in her school.3 The pirates made _ along the coast.4 One of them put forward a(n)_proposal for putting up the white flag.5 Facts are recorded in the annals with the coloring of prejudice and_.6 The American national character was _ sharp during the Westward Expansion.7 The sci
3、entists carried out an audio-visual _ of the beginning of the universe.8 The management offered us a(n)_3% salary increase.9 Henry_between accepting and refusing.10 This battle-field is_to the memory of the soldiers who died here.11 The pianist was applauded for his incredible_.12 Sales_by 20% last
4、year.13 The Church has no_power in the modern country.14 He could never be a film star; hes got no_.15 No one would claim that the film is morally_.16 He insisted on his own way and _ all advice and objections.17 As soon as the drug took effect, she started .18 Some kid threw a(n)_in the middle of t
5、he store.19 Fashions are by nature fickle and_.20 The hurricane caused terrible_.二、完形填空20 To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries concentrated primarily on the【C1 】_production of goo
6、ds, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship“ to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then【C2】_them into money.Marketing, 【C3】_, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preference
7、s and demands of consumers and then producing goods【C4 】 _will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that【C5 】_trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first endeavor to find out what the c
8、onsumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given 【C6】_over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transactionthe firm and customerand each must be satisfie
9、d【C7】_trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and【C8】_customers. In mid-1985 , Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. A significant portion of the public did not accept the new flavor, bring about a【C9】_restora
10、tion of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed【C10】_the new, King Customers ruled.21 【C1 】（A）productive（B） efficient（C） affluent（D）proficient22 【C2 】（A）convert（B） transform（C） switch（D）modify23 【C3 】（A）on the contrary（B） in the meantime（C） however（D）on the other hand24 【C4 】（A）what（B） then（C） tha
11、t（D）and25 【C5 】（A）ahead of（B） while（C） prior to（D）instead of26 【C6 】（A）superiority（B） privilege（C） prejudice（D）priority27 【C7 】（A）before（B） after（C） while（D）then28 【C8 】（A）looking up to（B） adjusting to（C） catering to（D）adapting to29 【C9 】（A）proper（B） prompt（C） prominent（D）profound30 【C10 】（A）by（B） w
12、ith（C） alongside（D）as三、阅读理解30 Historically, the primary responsibility for the rearing of young children belonged almost exclusively to the parents, especially the father. It was not until the late nineteenth and early twentieth century that the State was willing to remove a young child from direct
13、supervision of negligent or abusive parents. Even so, in order to reduce welfare costs to the rest of the community, a destitute family in early America, incapable of supporting its own members, was sometimes broken up and the children placed in other households.During the eighteenth and nineteenth
14、century the mothers role in the upbringing of children was enhanced: Women became the primary providers of care and affection; and as mens church membership declined, women also became responsible for the catechizing and education of young children, even though they often were less literate than men
15、. While childrearing manuals continued to acknowledge the importance of the father, they also recognized that the mother had become the major figure in the care of the young.Throughout much of Western history, as long as children remained in the home, parents exercised considerable control over them
16、, even to the extent of arranging their marriages and influencing their career choices. Children were expected to be obedient and to contribute to the well-being of the family. And, perhaps more in Western Europe than in America, children were often expected to turn over almost all of their earnings
17、 directly to the parentssometimes even after they had left home.By the late eighteenth or early nineteenth century some of this control had been eroded, and the rights of children as individuals were increasingly recognized and acknowledged. Interestingly, the development of childrens rights has pro
18、ceeded so rapidly and so far that we may now be in the midst of a backlash, as efforts are being made to re-establish parental responsibility in areas such as the reproductive behavior of minor children.Clearly there have been major changes in the way our society treats children; but it would be ver
19、y difficult for many of us to agree on the costs and benefits of these trendswhether from the viewpoint of the child, the parents, or society. While many applaud the increasing individualism and freedom of children within the family, others lament the loss of family responsibility and discipline. A
20、historical analysis of parents and children cannot settle such disputes, but it can provide us with a better appreciation of the flexibility and resilience of the family as an institution for raising the young.31 Before the late nineteenth century in America, the rearing of children was the responsi
21、bility_.（A）solely on the part of the household community（B） mainly on the part of the household（C） solely on the part of the father（D）solely on the part of the mother32 The word “destitute“ can best be replaced by_.（A）poor（B） big（C） rich（D）irresponsible33 It can be learned from the second paragraph
22、that during the 18 th and 19th century_.（A）women enjoyed equal education with men（B） womens social status was greatly improved（C） men maintained their key role in child raising（D）womens education was still less than mens34 As mentioned by the author, efforts to re-establish parental responsibility a
23、re_.（A）to share community welfare burden（B） in concern of minor childrens creative behavior（C） in concern of teenage parents（D）to better control minor childrens expenditure35 Regarding the way American children are treated, the author is apparently_.（A）in favor of it（B） worried about it（C） upset abo
24、ut it（D）against it35 Richard Satava, program manager for advanced medical technologies, has been a driving force in bringing virtual reality to medicine, where computers create a “virtual“ or simulated environment for surgeons and other medical practitioners.“ With virtual reality well be able to pu
25、t a surgeon in every trench, “ said Satava. He envisaged a time when soldiers who are wounded fighting overseas are put in mobile surgical units equipped with computers.The computers would transmit images of the soldiers to surgeons back in the U. S. The surgeons would look at the soldier through vi
26、rtual reality helmets that contain a small screen displaying the image of the wound. The doctors would guide robotic instruments in the battlefield mobile surgical unit that operate on the soldier.Although Satavas vision may be years away from standard operating procedure, scientists are progressing
27、 toward virtual reality surgery. Engineers at an international organization in California are developing a tele-operating device. As surgeons watch a three-dimensional image of the surgery, they move instruments that are connected to a computer, which passes their movements to robotic-instruments th
28、at perform the surgery. The computer provides feedback to the surgeon on force, textures, and sound.These technological wonders may not yet be part of the community hospital setting but increasingly some of the machinery is finding its way into civilian medicine. At Wayne State University Medical Sc
29、hool, surgeon Lucia Zamorano takes images of the brain from computerized scans and uses a computer program to produce a 3-D image. She can then maneuver the 3-D image on the computer screen to map the shortest, least invasive surgical path the tumor. Zamorano is also using technology that attaches a
30、 probe to surgical instruments so that she can track their positions. While cutting away a tumor deep in the brain, she watches the movement of her surgical tools in a computer graphics image of the patients brain taken before surgery.During these proceduresoperations that are done through small cut
31、s in the body in which a miniature camera and surgical tools are maneuveredsurgeons are wearing 3-D glasses for a better view. And they are commanding robot surgeons to cut away tissue more accurately than human surgeons can.Satava says, “We are in the midst of a fundamental change in the field of m
32、edicine.36 According to Richard Satava, the application of virtual reality to medicine_.（A）will enable surgeons to be physically present on every battlefield（B） can raise the spirits of soldiers wounded on the battlefield（C） will greatly improve medical conditions on the battlefield（D）can shorten th
33、e time for operations on soldiers wounded on the battlefield37 Richard Satava has visions of_.（A）using a remote-control technique to treat wounded soldiers fighting overseas（B） wounded soldiers being saved by doctors wearing virtual reality helmets on the battlefield（C） wounded soldiers being operat
34、ed on by specially trained surgeons（D）setting up mobile surgical units overseas38 How is virtual reality surgery performed?（A）It is performed by a computer-designed high precision device.（B） Surgeons wear virtual reality helmets to receive feedback provided by a computer.（C） Surgeons move robotic in
35、struments by means of a computer linked to them.（D）A 3-D image records the movements of the surgeons during the operation.39 During virtual reality operations, the surgeon can have a better view of the cuts in the body because_.（A）he is looking at the cuts on a computer screen（B） the cuts can be exa
36、mined from different angles（C） the cuts have been highly magnified（D）he is wearing 3-D glasses40 Virtual reality operations are an improvement on conventional surgery in that they_.（A）cause less pain to the wounded（B） are done by robot surgeons with greater precision（C） will make human surgeons work
37、 less tedious（D）allow the patient to recover more quickly40 When students complete a first draft, they consider the job of writing doneand their teachers too often agree. When professional writers complete a first draft, they usually feel that they are at the start of the writing process. When a dra
38、ft is completed, the job of writing can begin.That difference in altitude is the difference between amateur and professional, inexperience and experience, journeyman and draftsman. Peter F. Drucker, the prolific business writer, calls his first draft “the zero draft“after that he can start counting.
39、 Most writers share the feeling that the first draft, and all of those which follow, are opportunities to discover what they have to say and how best they can say it.To produce a progression of drafts, each of which says more and says it more clearly, the writer has to develop a special kind of read
40、ing skill. In school we are taught to decode what appears on the page as finished writing. Writers, however, face a different category of possibility and responsibility when they read their own drafts. To them the words on the page are never finished. Each can be changed and rearranged, can set off
41、a chain reaction of confusion or clarified meaning. This is a different kind of reading, which is possibly more difficult and certainly more exciting.Writers must learn to be their own best enemy. They must accept the criticism of others and be suspicious of it; they must accept the praise of others
42、 and be even more suspicious of it. Writers cannot depend on others. They must detach themselves from their own pages so that they can apply both their caring and their craft to their own work.Such detachment is not easy. Science fiction writer Rau Bradbury supposedly puts each manuscript away for a
43、 year to the day and then rereads it as a stranger. Not many writers have the discipline or the time to do this. We must read when our judgment may be at its best; when we are close to the best moment of creation.Most people think that the principal problem is that writers are too proud of what they
44、 have written. Actually, a greater problem for most professional writers is one shared by the majority of students. They are overly critical, think everything is dreadful, tear up page after page, never complete a draft, and see the task as hopeless.Therefore, the writer must learn to read criticall
45、y but constructively, to cut what is bad and reveal what is good. At the end of each revision, a manuscript may look worked over, torn apart, pinned together, added to, deleted from, words changed and words changed back. Yet the book must maintain its original freshness and spontaneity.41 What is th
46、e difference between a student and a professional writer towards their first draft?（A）A professional thinks his first draft is better planned.（B） A student is less confident than a professional about the first draft.（C） A student will read his first draft more seriously than a professional.（D）A stud
47、ent sees the draft as his final work, while professional sees it as the initial of his work.42 What might the word “journeyman“ in Paragraph 2 mean?（A）apprentice（B） tourist（C） experienced while undistinguished worker（D）journalist43 Why does Rey Bradbury put each manuscript away for a year before he
48、rereads it?（A）Because he does not like his own work.（B） Because he feels writing is dreadful.（C） Because he is a person of principle.（D）Because he needs to detach himself from his own work.44 According to this passage, which of the following statements is UNTRUE?（A）Both professional writers and stud
49、ents may feel writing a dreadful work.（B） Reading draft is different from reading finished writing.（C） Professional writers should be suspicious in revising their drafts.（D）Professional writers may always depend on others criticism in order to better their work.45 What is the authors advice for those in the process of draft progression?（A）Be tolerant to ones work.（B） Tear up a
