1、2012 年武汉大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 The form and physiology of leaves vary according to the_in which they develop: for example, leaves display a wide range of adaptations to different degrees of light and moisture.（A）relationship（B） species（C） patterns（D）environment2 One theory about intelligenc
2、e sees _as the logical structure underlying thinking and insists that since animals are mute, they must be_as well.（A）behavior.inactive（B） instinct.cooperative（C） heredity. thoughtful（D）language. mindless3 By_scientific rigor with a quantitative approach, researchers in the social sciences may often
3、 have_their scope to whose narrowly circumscribed topics that are well suited to quantitative methods.（A）undermining.diminished（B） equating.enlarged（C） vitiating.expanded（D）identifying.limited4 The new_of knowledge has created _people: everyone believes that his or her subject cannot and possibly sh
4、ould not be understood by others.（A）specialization.barriers between（B） decline.associations among（C） placency in（D）disrepute.concern for5 Far from being_, Pat was always_to appear acquiescent.（A）unctuous.loath（B） brazen.reluctant（C） ignoble. concerned（D）obsequious. eager6 Those who fear the influenc
5、e of television deliberately_its persuasive power, hoping that they might keep knowledge of its potential to effect social change from being widely disseminated.（A）promote（B） underplay（C） excuse（D）laud7 Because the high seriousness of their narratives resulted in part from their metaphysics, Souther
6、n writer were praised for their_bent.（A）technical（B） discursive（C） hedonistic（D）philosophical8 Her_should not be confused with miserliness; as long as I have known her, she has always been willing to assist those who are in need.（A）intemperance（B） intolerance（C） apprehension（D）frugality9 Unfortunate
7、ly,his damaging attacks on the ramification of the economic policy have been _by his wholehearted acceptance of that policys underlying assumptions.（A）supplemented（B） undermined（C） diverted（D）redeemed10 In the machinelike world of classical physics, the human intellect appears_, since the mechanical
8、 nature of classical physics does not_creative reasoning, the very ability that had made the formulation of classical principle possible.（A）anomalous.allow for（B） abstract.speak to（C） anachronistic.deny（D）contradictory.exclude11 Documenting sciences_philosophy would be_, since it is almost axiomatic
9、 that many philosophers use scientific concepts as the foundations for their speculations.（A）distrust of. elementary（B） influence on. superfluous（C） reliance on. inappropriate（D）dependence on. difficult12 The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly_source of raw materials , of whic
10、h only a few have been utilized.（A）exploited（B） quantifiable（C） controversial（D）inexhaustible13 The state is a network of exchanged benefits and beliefs, _between rulers and citizens based on those laws and procedures that are_to the maintenance of community.（A）a compromise. inimical（B） an equivalen
11、ce. pre requisite（C） a reciprocity. conducive（D）a counterpoint. incidental14 To have true disciples, a thinker must not be too_: any effective intellectual leader depends on the ability of other people to_ thought processes that did not originate with them.（A）popular. dismiss（B） idiosyncratic. reena
12、ct（C） self-confident.revitalize（D）pragmatic.discourage15 The paradoxical aspect of the myths about Demeter, when we consider the predominant image of her as a tranquil and serene goddess, is her_search for her daughter.（A）extended（B） agitated（C） comprehensive（D）motiveless16 Yellow fever, the disease
13、 that killed 4000 Philadelphians in 1793, and so_Memphis, Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after nearly two decades in _the Western Hemisphere.（A）decimated. abeyance（B） corrupted. quiescence（C） ravaged. secret（D）terrorized. contention17 Parts of 17th century Chinese pleasure
14、 gardens were not necessarily intended to look_, they were designed expressly to evoke the agreeable melancholy resulting form asense of the_of natural beauty and human glory.（A）beautiful.immutability（B） cheerful. transitoriness（C） colorful.abstractness（D）luxuriant.simplicity18 Since it is now_to bu
15、ild the complex central processing unit of a computer on a single silicon chip using photolithography and chemical etching, it seems plausible that other miniature structures might be fabricated in_ways.（A）difficult.related（B） permitted.unique（C） mandatory. congruent（D）routine. similar19 Laws do not
16、 ensure social order since laws can always be _, which makes them_unless the authorities have the will and the power to detect and punish wrongdoing.（A）contested.provisional（B） circumvented.antiquated（C） repealed. vulnerable（D）violated. ineffective20 Ironically, the party leaders encountered no grea
17、ter_their efforts to build a progressive party than the_of the progressives already elected to the legislature.（A）benefit from. success（B） support for. advocacy（C） obstacle to.resistance（D）threat to.promise二、Reading Comprehension20 Traditional research has confronted only Mexican and United States i
18、nterpretations of Mexican-American culture. Now we must also examine the culture as we Mexican Americans have experi-enced it, passing from a sovereign people compatriots with newly arriving settlers to, finally a conquered peoplea charter minority on our own land.When the Spanish first came to Mexi
19、co, they intermarried with and absorbed the culture of the indigenous Indians. This policy of colonization through acculturation was continued when Mexico acquired Texas in the early 1800 s and brought the indigenous Indians into Mexican life and government. In the 1820 s United State citizens migra
20、ted to Texas, attracted by land suitable for cotton.As their numbers became more substantial, their policy of acquiring land by subduing native populations began to dominate. The two ideologies clashed repeatedly, culmination in a military conflict that led to victory for the United States. Thus, su
21、ddenly derived of our parent culture, we had to evolve uniquely Mexican-Mexican modes of thought and action in order to survive.21 The authors purpose in writing this passage is primarily to_.（A）suggest the motives behind Mexican and United States intervention in Texas（B） bring to light previously o
22、verlooked research on Mexican Americans（C） provide a historical perspective for a new analysis of Mexican-American culture（D）document certain early objectives of Mexican-American society22 The author most probably uses the phrase “charter minority“ to reinforce the idea the Mexican Americans_.（A）are
23、 a native rather than an immigrant group in the United States（B） played an active political role when Texas first became part of the United States（C） have been misunderstood by scholars trying to interpret their culture（D）identify more closely with their Indian heritage than with their Spanish herit
24、age23 According to the passage, a major difference between the colonization policy of the United States and that of Mexico in Texas in the 1800 s was the_.（A）degree to which policies were based on tradition（B） form of economic interdependency between different cultural groups（C） treatment of the nat
25、ive inhabitants（D）relationship between the military and the settlers24 Which of the following statements most clearly contradicts the information in this passage?（A）While Texas was under Mexican control, the population of Texas quadrupled, in spite of the fact the Mexico discouraged immigration from
26、 the United States.（B） Most Indians living in Texas resisted Spanish acculturation and were either killed or enslaved.（C） By the time Mexico acquired Texas, many Indians had already married people of Spanish Heritage.（D）Many Mexicans living in Texas returned to Mexico after Texas was annexed by the
27、United States.24 Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowed assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids“ , for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buy
28、er of thegoods. This is called “knocking down“ the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the La
29、tin Autcio, meaning “increase. “ The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called subhasta, meaning “ under the spear,“ a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather, In English in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sol
30、d “by the candle“ ; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, frit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usua
31、l for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms as Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world-famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when th
32、ey can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details , catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “ lot,“ is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with Lot I and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he regi
33、sters the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high a
34、s possible.25 Why is the end of the bidding called “knocking down“?（A）Because the auctioneer knocks the buyer down.（B） Because the auctioneer knocks the rostrum down.（C） Because the goods are knocked down on the table.（D）Because the auctioneer bans the table with a hammer.26 The Romans used to sell_
35、by auction.（A）spoilt goods（B） old-worn weapons（C） property taken from the enemy（D）spears27 A candle used to burn at auction sales_.（A）because they took place at night（B） as a signal for the crowd to gather（C） to keep the auctioneer warm（D）to limit the time when offers could be made28 The auctioneer
36、may decide to sell the “lots“ out of the order because_.（A）he sometimes wants to confuse the buyers（B） he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain items（C） he wants to keep certain people waiting（D）he wants to reduce the number of buyers28 When we consider great painters of
37、 the past, the study of art and the study of illusion cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line, shape, and forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that 1 am not making a plea, disguise
38、d or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although I am, in fact rather critical of certain theories of non-representational art. But to argue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects of representation that were the pride of ear
39、lier artists have become trivial today I would not deny for a moment. Yet I believe that we are in real danger of losing contact with past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature can now be co
40、nsidered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to art historians. Never before has there been an age when the visual image was so cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of re
41、ality represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting is taught in school and practiced as a pastime, and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks that would have looked like sheer magic to the 14 century painter Giotto. Even the crude colored renderings on a cereal box might
42、 have made Giottos contemporaries gasp. Perhaps there are people who concluded from this that the cereal box is superior to a Giotto; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics. In this connection it is ins
43、tructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the beginning of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of ceasing to know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual real
44、ity we call “pictures. “ Even comics and advertisements , rightly viewed, provide food for thought. Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by inquiry into the “linguistics“ of the
45、 visual image. The way the language of art refers to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely unknown except to artists who use it as we use all languagewithout needing to know its grammar and semantics.29 The author of the passage explicitly, disagrees with wh
46、ich of the following statements?（A）In modern society even non-artists can master techniques that great artists of the 14 century did not employ.（B） The ability to represent a three-dimensional object on a flat surface has nothing to do with art.（C） In modern society the victory of representational s
47、kills has created a problem for art critics.（D）The way that artists are able to represent the visible world is an area that needs a great deal more study before it can be fully understood.30 The author suggests which of the following about art historians?（A）They do not believe that illusionist trick
48、s have become trivial.（B） They generally spend little time studying contemporary artists.（C） They have not given enough consideration to how the representation of nature has become commonplace.（D）They generally tend to argue about theories rather than address substantive issues.31 Which of the follo
49、wing best states that authors attitude toward comics, as expressed in the passage?（A）They constitute an innovative art from.（B） They can be a worthwhile subject for study.（C） They are critically important to an understanding of modern art.（D）Their visual structure is more complex than that of medieval art.32 The authors statement regarding how artists use the langu
