1、2012 年武汉大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、选词填空0 Fill in the numbered blanks with proper words. Choose among the listed words below. You can add prefixes or suffixes to the words to make sure they come in correct forms in terms of both grammar and meaning.novel, entire, read, admire, regard, utter, fallible, e
2、ducate, argue, wise, discover, careful, remark, mortal, illustrate, judge, great, addition, beauty, foldThe test of a great book is whether we want to read it only once or more than once, and every【 K1】 _time that we read it we find new meanings and new beauties in it. A book that a person of 【K2】_a
3、nd good taste does not care to read more than once is very probably not worth much. Some time ago there was a discussion going on【K3】_the art of the great French【K4】_, Zola; some people claimed that he possessed absolute genius; others claimed that he had only talent of a very 【K5】_kind. The battle
4、of the【K6】_brought out some strange extravagances of opinions. But suddenly a very great critic simply put this question: “ How many of you have read, or would care to read, one of Zolas books a second time?“ There was no answer; probably no one would read a book by Zola more than once. The fact was
5、 settled.Shallow or false any book must be, that, although bought by a hundred thousand readers, is never read more than once. But we cannot consider the judgment of a single individual【K7】_The opinion that makes a book great must be the opinion of many. For even the greatest critics are apt to have
6、 certain dullness, certain inappreciations. Carlyle, for example, could not endure Browning; Byron could not endure some of the greatest of English poets. A man must be many-sided to utter a trustworthy estimate of many books. We may doubt the【K8】_of the single critic at times. But there is no doubt
7、 possible in regard to the judgment of generations. Even if we cannot at once perceive anything good in a book which has been admired and praised for hundreds of years, we may be sure that by trying, by studying it【K9 】_, we shall at last be able to feel the reason of this【K10】_and praise. The best
8、of all libraries for a poor man would be a library【K11】_composed of such great works only.This then would be the most important guide for us in the choice of reading. We should read only the books that we want to read more than once, nor should we buy any others, unless we have some special reason f
9、or so investing money. The second fact demanding attention is the general character of the value that lies hidden within all such great books: they never become old; their youth is 【K12】_A great book is not apt to be comprehended by a young person at the first【K13】_except in a superficial way. Only
10、the surface, the narrative, is absorbed and enjoyed. No young man can possibly see at first reading the qualities of a great book. Remember that it has taken humanity in many cases hundreds of years to find out all that there is in such a book. But according to a mans experience of life, the text wi
11、ll【 K14】_new meanings to him. The book that delighted us at eighteen, if it be a good book, will delight us much more at twenty-five, and it will prove like a new book to us at thirty years of age. At forty we shall re-read it, wondering why we never saw how【K15 】_it was before. At fifty or sixty ye
12、ars of age the same facts will repeat themselves. A great book grows exactly in proportion to the growth of the readers mind. It was the【K16】_of this extraordinary fact by generations of people long dead that made the【K17】_of such works as those of Shakespeare, of Dante, or of Goethe. Perhaps Goethe
13、 can give us at this moment the best【K18】_He wrote a number of little stories in prose, which children like, because to children they have all the charm of fairy-tales. But he never intended them for fairy-tales; he wrote them for experienced minds. A young man finds very serious reading in them; a
14、middle-aged man discovers an extraordinary depth in their least【 K19】_; and an old man will find in them all the worlds philosophy, all the【K20】 _of life.1 【K1】2 【K2】3 【K3】4 【K4】5 【K5】6 【K6】7 【K7】8 【K8】9 【K9】10 【K10】11 【K11】12 【K12】13 【K13】14 【K14】15 【K15】16 【K16】17 【K17】18 【K18】19 【K19】20 【K20】二、翻译
15、21 Paraphrase the underlined idiomatic expressions in the following sentences.(15 xl = 15 points)He spoke in a matter-of-fact voice.22 Be very careful not to swear in front of little children. Little pitchers have big ears.23 American writers and painters no longer sit at the feet of Europeans.24 Wh
16、at does Downing Street think of the matter?25 The movie fell flat on the audience.26 His address soon drew a good house.27 Flattery is his stock in trade.28 Its not the best flat in town, but at least its somewhere to hang your hat.29 She married one of her publishers and soon became a household wor
17、d.30 This is a very fashionable area of town now, but when we first came, the houses were going for a song.31 Your work these days is better by a long way.32 His reputation was at stake.33 Being religious can be a far cry from being kind.34 I hate my job, but I have to keep body and soul together so
18、mehow.35 Wheres the man in question?36 Paraphrase the following sentences.(10 x2 = 20 points)It is a point of honor with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment.37 The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige co
19、ncrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.38 The Germans had surprised a large portion of the Soviet Air Force grounded on the airfields.39 Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity, but its flotsam of hust
20、lers, gamblers, and thugs as well.40 The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax.41 I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor in my socks.42 Leonard Bloomfield is
21、one of those inseminating scholars who cant be relegated to any department.43 All the old women here are mummified with age and the sun, and all of them are tiny.44 In Shakespeares time, there was a Kings(or Queens)English to be proud of. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its
22、seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.45 If a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides join in creating a new endeavor.三、阅读理解45 Mary Barton, particularly in its early chapters, is a moving response to the suffering of the industrial worker in t
23、he England of the 1840s. What is most impressive about the book is the intense and painstaking effort made by the author, Elizabeth Gaskell, to convey the experience of everyday life in working-class homes. Her method is partly documentary in nature; the novel includes such features as a carefully a
24、nnotated reproduction of dialect, the exact details of food prices in an account of a tea party, an itemized description of the furniture of the Bartons living room, and a transcription of the ballad “ The Oldham Weaver. “ The interest of this record is considerable, even though the method has a sli
25、ghtly distancing effect.As a member of the middle class, Gaskell could hardly help approaching working-class life as an outside observer and a reporter, and the reader of the novel is always conscious of this fact. But there is genuine imaginative re-creation in her accounts of the walk in Green Hey
26、s Fields, of tea at the Bartons house, and of John Barton and his friends discovery of the starving family in the cellar in the chapter “Poverty and Death.“ Indeed, for a similarly convincing re-creation of such families emotions and responses(which are more crucial than the material details on whic
27、h the mere reporter is apt to concentrate), the English novel had to wait 60 years for the early writing of D. H. Lawrence. If Gaskell never quite conveys the sense of full participation that would completely authenticate this aspect of Mary Barton, she still brings to these scenes an intuitive reco
28、gnition of feelings that has its own sufficient conviction.The chapter “Old Alices History“ brilliantly dramatizes the situation of that early generation of workers brought from the villages and the countryside to the urban industrial centers. The account of Job Legh, the weaver and naturalist who i
29、s devoted to the study of biology, vividly embodies one kind of response to an urban industrial environment; an affinity for living things that hardens, by its very contrast with its environment, into a kind of crankiness. The early chaptersabout factory workers walking out in spring into Green Heys
30、 Fields; about Alice Wilson, remembering in her cellar the twig-gathering for brooms in the native village that she will never again see; about Job Legh, intent on his impaled insectscapture the characteristic responses of a generation to the new and crushing experience of industrialism. The other e
31、arly chapters eloquently portray the development of the instinctive cooperation with each other that was already becoming an important tradition among workers.46 Which of the following best describes the authors attitude toward Gaskells use of the method of documentary record in Mary Barton?（A）Uncri
32、tical enthusiasm.（B） Unresolved ambivalence.（C） Qualified approval.（D）Resigned acceptance.47 According to the passage, Mary Barton and the early novels of D.H. Lawrence share which of the following?（A）Depiction of the feelings of working-class families.（B） Documentary objectivity about working-class
33、 circumstances.（C） Richly detailed description of working-class adjustment to urban life.（D）Imaginatively structured plots about working-class characters.48 It can be inferred from examples given in the last paragraph of the passage that which of the following was part of “the new and crushing exper
34、ience of industrialism“ for many members of the English working class in the nineteenth century?（A）Extortionate food prices.（B） Geographical displacement.（C） Hazardous working conditions.（D）Alienation from fellow workers.49 It can be inferred that the author of the passage believes that Mary Barton
35、might have been an even better novel if Gaskell had（A）concentrated on the emotions of a single character.（B） made no attempt to re-create experiences of which she had no firsthand knowledge.（C） grown up in an industrial city.（D）managed to transcend her position as an outsider.50 The author of the pa
36、ssage describes Mary Barton as each of the following EXCEPT:（A）insightful.（B） meticulous.（C） poignant.（D）lyrical.50 As Gilbert White, Darwin, and others observed long ago, all species appear to have the innate capacity to increase their numbers from generation to generation. The task for ecologists
37、is to untangle the environmental and biological factors that hold this intrinsic capacity for population growth in check over the long run. The great variety of dynamic behaviors exhibited by different populations makes this task more difficult; some populations remain roughly constant from year to
38、year; others exhibit regular cycles of abundance and scarcity; still others vary wildly, with outbreaks and crashes that are in some cases plainly correlated with the weather, and in other cases not.To impose some order on this kaleidoscope of patterns, one school of thought proposes dividing popula
39、tions into two groups. These ecologists posit that the relatively steady populations have “density-dependent“ growth parameters; that is, rates of birth, death, and migration which depend strongly on population density. The highly varying populations have “density-independent“ growth parameters, wit
40、h vital rates buffeted by environmental events; these rates fluctuate in a way that is wholly independent of population density.This dichotomy has its uses, but it can cause problems if taken too literally. For one thing, no population can be driven entirely by density-independent factors all the ti
41、me. No matter how severely or unpredictably birth, death and migration rates may be fluctuating around their long-term averages, if there were no density-dependent effects, the population would, in the long run, either increase or decrease without bound(barring a miracle by which gains and losses ca
42、nceled exactly). Put another way, it may be that on average 99 percent of all deaths in a population arise from density-independent causes, and only one percent from factors varying with density. The factors making up the one percent may seem unimportant, and their cause may be correspondingly hard
43、to determine. Yet, whether recognized or not, they will usually determine the long-term average population density.In order to understand the nature of the ecologists investigation, we may think of the density-dependent effects on growth parameters as the “signal“ ecologists are trying to isolate an
44、d interpret, one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively high ones, while the density-independent effects act to produce “noise“ in the population dynamics. For populations that remain relatively constant, or that oscillate around repeated cy
45、cles, the signal can be fairly easily characterized and its effects described, even though the causative biological mechanism may remain unknown. For irregularly fluctuating populations, we are likely to have too few observations to have any hope of extracting the signal from the overwhelming noise.
46、 But it now seems clear that all populations are regulated by a mixture of density-dependent and density-independent effects in varying proportions.51 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with（A）discussing two categories of factors that control population growth and assessing their relat
47、ive importance.（B） describing how growth rates in natural populations fluctuate over time and explaining why these changes occur.（C） proposing a hypothesis concerning population sizes and suggesting ways to test it.（D）posing a fundamental question about environmental factors in population growth and
48、 presenting some currently accepted answers.52 It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers the dichotomy discussed in the second paragraph to be（A）applicable only to erratically fluctuating populations.（B） useful, but only if its limitations are recognized.（C） dangerously misleadin
49、g in most circumstances.（D）a complete and sufficient way to account for observed phenomena.53 Which of the following statements can be inferred from the last paragraph?（A）For irregularly fluctuating populations, doubling the number of observations made will probably result in the isolation of density-dependent effects.（B） Density-dependent effects on population dynamics do not occur as frequently as do density-independent effects.（C） At present, ecologists do not unders
