1、2014 年武汉大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 The U. S government is made up of three portions; executive, legislative and judicial.（A）parts（B） ingredients（C） principles（D）proportions2 For 18 months, Iran repeatedly rebuffed all U. S proposals to free the hostages.（A）rebuked（B） rejected（C） abused（D）filter
2、ed3 The common earthworm is made up of round segments, commonly divided into anterior and posterior.（A）organs（B） cells（C） rings（D）sections4 Slander has destroyed many a great mans career and reputation.（A）Misfortune（B） Arrogance（C） Defamation（D）snobbery5 Before being able to sojourn to Europe, many
3、preparations such as vaccinations and visas are required.（A）stay briefly （B） enter（C） depart（D）be bound for6 In order to strengthen both the forearm and the grip, many athletes will repeatedly squeeze a tennis ball in their hands.（A）drench（B） impale（C） penetrate（D）compress7 One cause of the Civil Wa
4、r was economic and political rivalry between the agrarian South and the industrial North.（A）prosperous（B） old-fashioned（C） agriculture（D）poorly organized8 Trees, shrubs, flowers, and grass give character and interest to the parks.（A）vines（B） vegetables（C） bushes（D）weeds9 Hobsion theory states that t
5、hrough unchecked proliferation of the human species, in twenty years the worlds population will have out, own the total food supply.（A）maturity（B） multiplication（C） delegation（D）digestion10 Through modern medical science and technology, the average human life has been prolonged to 72 years.（A）precip
6、itated（B） stretched（C） changed（D）turned11 A forest fire will leave nothing but scorched earth in its wake.（A）withered（B） barren（C） burned（D）evaporated12 After scrutinizing the Stern Hitler Diaries, handwriting experts proclaimed them to be forgeries.（A）examining（B） stealing（C） copying（D）dictating13
7、The great San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 demolished great sections of the beautiful city.（A）harmed（B） ruined（C） relinquished（D）contaminated14 The ulterior motives of women are impossible to guess.（A）mysterious（B） covert（C） unsteady（D）changeable15 His_nature will aid him in attaining success in thi
8、s difficult job.（A）imitative（B） catalytic（C） rotund（D）persevering16 There was a period of_ prior to their divorce, during which she went for a trip around the world and he stayed at home.（A）strangeness（B） estrangement（C） machination（D）frivolity17 A theory of noncooperation can be a certain method of
9、_the friends with whom you work.（A）abominating（B） aborting（C） alienating（D）evaluating18 The economic stability of nations and continents is often affected by the abundance or _of natural resources.（A）force（B） condensation（C） rainfall（D）dearth19 There is no reason to insult and _ the man simply becau
10、se you do not agree with him.（A）depict（B） distort（C） defame（D）enhance20 He failed the exam because none of his answers were_to the questions asked.（A）pertinent（B） omniscient（C） referential（D）elusive21 The acceleration growth of public employment_the dramatic expansion of budgets and programs.（A）para
11、llels（B） contains（C） revolves（D）populates22 Not every_mansion, church, battle sits, theater, or other public hall can be preserved.（A）novel（B） structured（C） unknown（D）venerable23 Man is still a_in the labor market.（A）possibility（B） resumption（C） commodity（D）provision24 By the time you get to Washing
12、ton tomorrow, I_for Chicago.（A）am leaving（B） will leave（C） shall have left（D）had left25 The company_a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.（A）is promised（B） has been promising（C） is promising（D）promised26 Once_, this power station will supply all the neighbouring towns and villages
13、with electricity.（A）it being completed（B） completed（C） it was completed（D）it completing27 _in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.（A）Judged the best（B） Judging the best（C） To be judged the best（D）Having judged the best28 _with the picture, Mary
14、 tore it to pieces.（A）Dissatisfying thoroughly（B） To dissatisfy thoroughly（C） Being thoroughly dissatisfied（D）To be thoroughly dissatisfied29 Investigators agreed that passengers _ on the airliner at the very moment of the crash.（A）should have died（B） must be dying（C） must have died（D）ought to die30
15、 Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we _during the day.（A）should have done（B） would have done（C） must have done（D）may have done31 He appreciated_the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on Comparative Literature.（A）having given（B） to
16、have been given（C） to have given（D）having been given32 Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, _water shortage is the worst.（A）not to mention（B） of which（C） let alone（D）for what33 _will Mr. Smith be able to regain control of the company.（A）With hard work（B） Only if he works hardly（C） In spi
17、te of his hard work（D）Only with hard work34 Henry took a bus and headed home, _if his wife would have him back.（A）not to know（B） not known（C） not knowing（D）not having known35 He concluded his speech with a remark that failure_the mother of success.（A）is（B） were（C） was（D）must be36 It is only when you
18、 nearly lose someone _ fully conscious of how much you value him.（A）do you become（B） then you become（C） that you become（D）have you become37 Following are comments about the behavior that people in Korea usually expect it in various social _.（A）occasions（B） cases（C） situations（D）circumstances38 It wa
19、s_that we felt tired when we arrived.（A）a so long travel（B） such a long travel（C） such a long journey（D）such a so long journey39 The suspect at last admitted_the stolen goods, but he denied_.（A）receiving. selling（B） to receive. selling（C） receiving.to sell（D）to receive.to sell40 The doctor advised T
20、om to stay in bed, saying he was much_.（A）ill enough（B） too ill（C） so ill（D）very ill二、Proofreading40 When you read a piece of technical writing in English at the first time, 【M1】_or when you first hear scientists or engineers talking English, you may 【M2】_find it difficult to understand what is writ
21、ten or spoken, particularly if you have learned English as a language of every day conversation andof literature. You may think there is a special species of English which is 【M3 】_used only in science and technology and which has to be learned as separate 【M4】_language. You may also feel that someh
22、ow English of science, and technology 【M5】_is less difficult than everyday English. In fact, technical English does differ 【M6】_from everyday language because of the specialized contexts in which it was 【M7】_used and because of the specialized interests of scientists and engineers. Butthe difference
23、s do not present any great problems until they have been recognized. 【M8】_However, the vocabulary of any technical discussions may include words whichhave never used outside the question. If you do not know the subject, you will not 【M9】_understand what is said or written, even if English is your na
24、tive mother tongue. 【M10】_41 【M1】42 【M2】43 【M3】44 【M4】45 【M5】46 【M6】47 【M7】48 【M8】49 【M9】50 【M10】三、Reading Comprehension50 Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable oc
25、cupations. Personal consultants give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability.While attractiveness is a positive factor, for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman.Hand
26、some male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability, were thought to account for their success.Attractive female executives were considered to have less integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as
27、luck.All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attracti
28、ve overnight successes.Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus, an attractive women has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive women in a tradi
29、tionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine“ qualities required.This is true even in politics. “ When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently. “ says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidat
30、es. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote them.The results show
31、ed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes.51 The underlined word “liability“ in Paragraph 1 most probably means_.（A）misfortune（B） instability（C） disadvantage（D）burden52 In traditionally female jo
32、bs, attractiveness_.（A）reinforces the feminine qualities required（B） makes women look more honest and capable（C） is of primary importance to women（D）often enables women to succeed quickly53 Bowens experiment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness_.（A）turns out to be an obstacle men（B
33、） affects men and women alike（C） has as little effect on men as women（D）is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women54 It can be inferred from the passage that peoples views on beauty are often_.（A）practical（B） humorous（C） funny（D）radical55 The author writes this passage to_.（A）discuss the negativ
34、e aspects of being attractive（B） demand equal rights for women（C） give advice to job-seekers who are attractive women in executive and political circles（D）emphasize the importance of appearance55 In recent years, nonhuman animals have been at the center of an intense philosophical debate.In particul
35、ar, many authors have criticized traditional morality, maintaining that the way in which we treat members of other species is ethically indefensible. We routinely use animals as means to our endsin fact, we treat them in ways in which we would deem it profoundly immoral to treat human being. Though
36、they are “moral patients“ , that is, beings whose treatment may be subject to moral evaluationtheir status is infinitely inferior to ours. Are such double standards warranted? And, if so, on what grounds?While not being completely overlooked by philosophers, the first justification offered is powerf
37、ul and widespread at the societal level, mainly due to its simplicity. To the question of what divides us from the other animals, the answer is; the fact that they are not human. On such a view, what makes the difference is the possession, or lack, of a genotype characteristics of the species Homo s
38、apiens. Is this a good reply? No. Those appealing to species membership work within the framework of the human egalitarian paradigm. And it is just the line of reasoning that supports human equality that implies, by denying the moral relevance of race or sex membership, the rejection of the idea tha
39、t species membership in itself can make a difference in moral status. If one claims that biological characteristic like race and sex cannot play a role in ethics, how can one attribute a role to another biological characteristics such as species membership? Moral views that, while rejecting racism a
40、nd sexism, accept “speciesism“the view that grants members of our own species special moral statusare internally inconsistent.Sheer speciesism is hardly plausible. But there are more sophisticated ways of defending our current double standards to which the theoretical defenders of the status quo ten
41、d to turn. For most philosophers, it is not species membership rather than the possession of rationality that plays a central role. We can set aside for the sake of argument the(questionable)assumption that rationality is a human prerogative in order to focus on the moral significance attached to ra
42、tionality.Though many other defences of the doctrine of human superiority have been put forward, the appeal to species membership, the appeal to the possession of rationality, as a precondition of morals , and the appeal to this very same characteristic as a means to intersubjective agreement are ce
43、rtainly the most basic, around which all the others revolve. If none of them can justify maintaining nonhuman animals in their present inferior moral condition, it seems plausible to infer that our current attitude is deeply flawed.56 According to traditional morality, _.（A）animals are rarely though
44、t of as “moral patients“（B） Animals should not be used as means to our ends（C） the ways in which we treat animals is obviously improper（D）the way in which we treat animals now is undisputed57 In this passage, the author_the double standards we use to treat other species.（A）challenges（B） defends（C） j
45、ustifies（D）verifies58 The first justification offered for the double standards we use to treat other species is_.（A）simplicity（B） racism and sexism（C） species membership（D）human equality59 Another way used to defend the double standards is_.（A）sheer speciecism（B） the possession of rationality（C） for
46、 the sake of argument（D）the moral significance60 The authors attitude toward the way in which we currently treat nonhuman animals is_.（A）impartial（B） indifferent（C） crucial（D）critical60 Practically speaking, the artistic maturing of the cinema was the single-handed achievement of David W. Griffith(1
47、875 - 1948). Before Griffith, photography in dramatic films consisted of little more than placing the actors before a stationary camera and showing them in full length as they would have appeared on stage. From the beginning of his career as a director, however, Griffith, because of his love of Vict
48、orian painting, employed composition. He conceived of the camera image as having a foreground and a rear ground, as well as the middle distance preferred by most directors. By 1910 he was using close-ups to reveal significant details of the scene or of the acting and extreme long shots to achieve a
49、sense of spectacle and distance. His appreciation of the cameras possibilities produced novel dramatic effects. By splitting an event into fragments and recording each from the most suitable camera position, he could significantly vary, the emphasis from camera shot to camera shot.Griffith also achieved dramatic effects by means of creative edit
