1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 119 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 American Museum of Natural History is one of the largest natural and historic museums in the world and one of the main natural his
2、tory research and education centres in the United States, set up in 1869 and located in the west of the Central Park, Manhattan District, New York. It【1】7 hectares in its total area,【2】classical types of buildings. The【3】of ancient creatures and humanity is【4】the first place of all the museums in th
3、e world,【5】the representative samples from South America, Africa, Europe, Asia and Australia were collected, besides those from the【6】country, the United States. In the museum, there are five kinds of exhibits, including astronomy, mineralogy, human history, and animals in the【7】times and those in m
4、odern times. There are thirty-eight exhibition halls with different【8】from 500 to 1,500 square metres. Besides these, there is a Roosevelt Memorial Hall in【9】of President Roosevelt who supported the【10】of the museum, which is also used to have a special exhibition, showing the new important【11】on na
5、tural sciences and 【12】affairs and social problems, and special topics connected closely with the life of the citizens. Besides this, it is also used for avocation【13】to have all kinds of scientific activities in the laboratories, centres of natural science and centres for citizens. There are more t
6、han 10【14】research departments mainly 【15】 for collection of samples, research and work of publication. In the museum, there are【16】 and sub-libraries of Aulspond ancient amniote, with about 300 thousand books and magazines【17】natural history, many of 【18】 are very valuable monographs for the first
7、edition. It has published many expert books and magazines, and a large number of propaganda materials,【19】which are the two magazines, Natural History and Members of Museum that have the biggest【20】of their magazines.（A）explores（B） demonstrates（C） expands（D）covers（A）with（B） of（C） in（D）on（A）display（B
8、） fossil（C） analysis（D）collection（A）in（B） of（C） by（D）at（A）where（B） that（C） which（D）whose（A）wholesome（B） feasible（C） native（D）weird（A）original（B） contemporary（C） opposite（D）ancient（A）regions（B） areas（C） sites（D）venues（A）proposition（B） memory（C） profile（D）quotation（A）cause（B） fate（C） property（D）fortun
9、e（A）obstacles（B） discoveries（C） obligations（D）inventions（A）present（B） crucial（C） current（D）prevalent（A）fans（B） lovers（C） addicts（D）actors（A）subject（B） declaration（C） course（D）rehearsal（A）evident（B） reliable（C） responsible（D）excessive（A）libraries（B） clinic（C） congress（D）lobby（A）of（B） for（C） from（D）on
10、（A）whom（B） what（C） which（D）that（A）in（B） by（C） for（D）among（A）publication（B） symposium（C） circulation（D）tacticGrammar21 Its reported diat by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory_by about 10%.（A）will have risen（B） has risen（C） will be rising（D）has been rising22 If an earthquake occ
11、urred, some of the one-storey houses_.（A）might be left stand（B） might leave to be standing（C） might be left to stand（D）might be left standing23 _is generally accepted, economical growth is determined by the smooth development of production.（A）What（B） That（C） It（D）As24 Everyone congratulated the capt
12、ain, _whom the team could not have won.（A）without（B） except（C） beyond（D）besides25 I am sure you shant find a single mistake in my composition. Oh, I shant, _?（A）will I（B） shall I（C） wont I（D）shant I26 Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work_, we declined the offer.（A）wa
13、s not finished（B） has not been finished（C） did not finish（D）not having been finished27 The major obstacle to the reform in New Orleans, _, is money.（A）as is it across the country（B） as it is across the country（C） as it were across the country（D）as were it across the country28 The touch excites no de
14、fensive response unless the approach is from above where the spider can see the motion, _on its hind legs, lifts its front legs, opens its fangs and holds this threatening posture as long as the object continues to move.（A）in which case it rises（B） in that case it rises（C） in which case does it rise
15、（D）such being the case it rises29 You see the lightening_it happens, but you hear the thunder later.（A）the instant（B） for an instant（C） on the instant（D）in an instant30 The book NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH has been well received by learners of English _it helps them to develop their basic English skill.（A）s
16、o that（B） in that（C） in which（D）now thatPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 Make Use of a Social Intercourse Website to Support a Social Public OrderAs high school students flock to social networking sites, cam
17、pus police are scanning, their Facehook and MySpace pages for tips to help break up fights, monitor gangs and prevent crime.Some students object to police looking over their shoulders. But officers responsible for school safety say routine checks of the online forums often add to the knowledge they
18、gather from hallways or schoolyards.In recent years, school administrators have blamed some campus fights on Internet conflicts and urged parents to keep watch on their childrens computer activity. But students who use the Web to let their 500 closest friends know what they are doing at all times ar
19、e sometimes surprised that police are watching, too.Police dont have special privileges on Facebook or MySpace. Students who want to go unobserved can change privacy settings so that their profiles are displayed only to a list of approved people. But the default settings leave those profiles open to
20、 many Interact users (in the case of Facebook) or all of them (in the case of MySpace).Employers and college admissions counselors have examined online profiles of student applicants for some time. Police across the country have been doing the same for the past two or three years, said Kevin Quinn.
21、a spokesman for the Minnesotabased National Association of School Resource Officers. “If youre already familiar with the technology, it doesnt take you but a couple of minutes to hook into the student population and keep an eye on things,“ Quinn said.An entrance into MySpace profiles found high scho
22、ol students discussing drugs, sex and fights. It was all publicly available (although in language that caused reporter to blush).Late last month, Fairfax County police announced the arrests of seven Chantilly area teenagers for trying to recruit Franklin Middle School students to a gang. That invest
23、igation was aided when a student showed the school resource officer gang symbols littering one of the suspects MySpace profiles.Fairfax police say they pride themselves on addressing issues in schools before they develop into major problems. “Keeping an eye on Facebook and MySpace has become an extr
24、a tool in that effort,“ they said.31 Why do campus police scan networking sites like Facebook and MySpace?（A）Because the police can recruit the potential candidates.（B） Because students have fierce argument on these sites.（C） Because the police may detect gang-fighting through the Interact.（D）Becaus
25、e students carelessly reveal their dissatisfaction on such sites.32 What does the phase “look over their shoulders“ ( Lines 12,Para.2) mean?（A）Have an eye on what students are talking about online.（B） Pretend not to see anything when students need help.（C） Limit their rights of talking freely online
26、.（D）Have routine checks at school.33 The possibility of making the social websites helpful to the police is mostly based_.（A）the insiders who informs the police of helpful tips（B） the technical support offered by the websites（C） the large group of users of the social websites（D）the students casualne
27、ss on releasing information online34 If students want to protect their privacy online, they should_.（A）organize a protest to show their dissatisfaction（B） set up rules to allow only the approved to see their profiles（C） stop using the websites completely（D）change the topics of their conversation onl
28、ine35 Whats the main idea of this passage?（A）Police are making use of the Internet to maintain good public order.（B） Students should learn to protect their privacy online.（C） Social networking websites have bad influence on high school students.（D）Parents should take control of what their children a
29、re doing online.35 If you have ever bought something because it had the most positive reviews, or joined in with a standing ovation simply because you didnt want to be the only one left sitting, then you are at least as smart as a honeybee and as steadfast as a bird in a flock.Peter Miller argues th
30、at there is a lot we can learn from group behaviour in other animals. In The Smart Swarm he has extracted a few vital rules from research on the decision-making skills of birds, insects and fish, that can improve the way we approach even the most complex of our problems. How is it that honeybees can
31、 employ debate and democracy to decide where to relocate, when across the world boardroom meetings adjourn, week after week, without agreement? Do animals know something that we have either forgotten along the way or have yet to learn?Millers book advocates a new kind of problem-solving: one that of
32、fers a kind of collective resilience and flexibility that we simply cannot achieve as individuals. Collective solutions have already been adapted to solve some tricky human problems. The way termites maintain a constant temperature inside their mounds has inspired climate control features in skyscra
33、pers, and the navigation techniques of ants have been used to optimise the routes of delivery trucks. Miller also describes how one CEO got more accurate sales forecasts using the average of the best guesses of a large number of entry-level employees than from his small team of finance experts.The S
34、mart Swarm blends zoology, entertaining anecdotes and conceptual discussion in an approachable and insightful way. While not all the examples are equally interesting, and some belabour the point, one cannot help but be inspired by the ideas. What would life be like if we sought to excel as a group r
35、ather than as individuals?The book is more than a philosophical exercise. Humans have the swarm sensibility built-in; we simply havent fully applied it. That may be because we havent had the opportunity, until now. The collaborative possibilities opened up by the internet are bringing smart swarming
36、 to the fore. As an example, Miller cites Intellipediaa Wikipedia-style collaborative site developed by US intelligence services, with information available at various levels of security clearance. Wiki sites have been around for a while, but now that contributors can be drawn from all parts of the
37、globe and their numbers are climbing rapidly, we may finally be able to exploit what the birds and the bees have been up to all along.Of course, Miller cautions, swarm behaviour in humans can have a downside, especially when it manifests as groupthink or peer pressure.36 The first two paragraphs imp
38、ly that in group decision-making_.（A）human beings are anything but as smart as honeybees（B） human beings seldom employ democracy as honeybees do（C） human beings have yet a lot to learn from honeybees（D）human beings make a discussion without a decision as honeybees do37 According to Paragraph 3, whic
39、h of the following is correct?（A）The collective wisdom of ordinary people is better than experts.（B） Collectivism rather than individualism makes problem solving easier.（C） Group decisions are often a balance among the preferences of participants.（D）An entry-level employee can offer a solution bette
40、r than an expert.38 In the authors view, in his book Miller fails to_.（A）make it approachable by readers（B） present ideas in a concise manner（C） offer readers inspiring ideas（D）address readers confusion39 Intellipedia is cited as an example of illustrating_.（A）the philosophical significance of swarm
41、 behaviours（B） the popularity of smart swarming in information industry（C） the potential of full application of human swarm sensibility（D）the promise of human using animals for their own benefit40 In Millers view, the effect of swarm sensibility in groupthink is_.（A）profound（B） desirable（C） question
42、able（D）adverse40 Public RelationsPublic relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases, designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image.41_ Since public relations involves communications with stockholders, financial analysts, government official
43、s, and other non-customer groups, it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to tip management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in
44、 tune with marketing efforts. 42 Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public image, this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix.43 Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the
45、 marketing department , as it can provide a useful adjunct to the regular advertising._44The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function, whether within the company or an outside firm, can take care of public image problems and opportunitie
46、s. 45 Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business, such as its product quality, the servicing and handling of complaints, and the tenor of the advertising. Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events, and may even succeed in toning down the
47、 worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.A. Publicity may be in the form of news releases that have favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department.B. Furthermore, not all publicity is initiated
48、 by the firm; some can result form an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised.C. Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm, usually in the form of press releases or press conferences.
49、D. Many factors impact on the public image.E. It surely causes heavy losses to the company.F. Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences.46 We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?“ “And Paulwhy didnt pick up that he was friend
