1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 119 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Horrible toilets. Stagnant puddles buzzing with dengue-spreading mosquitoes. Collapsing masonry. Lax security. A terrorist attack. Indias preparations f
2、or the 72-nation Commonwealth games, which are scheduled to open in Delhi on October 3rd, have not won favorable reviews. The contrast with Chinas practically flawless hosting of the Olympic games in 2008 could hardly be starker. Many people will draw the wrong lesson from this.Despite the headlines
3、, India is doing rather well. Its economy is expected to expand by 8.5% this year. It has a long way to go before it is as rich as Chinathe Chinese economy is four times bigger but its growth rate could overtake Chinas by 2013, if not before. Some economists think India will grow faster than any oth
4、er large country over the next 25 years. Rapid growth in a country of 1.2 billion people is exciting, to put it mildly.There are two reasons why India will soon start to outpace China. One is demography. Chinas workforce will shortly start ageing; in a few years time, it will start shrinking. India
5、is now blessed with a young and growing workforce. Its dependency ratiothe proportion of children and old people to working age adultsis one of the best in the world and will remain so for a generation. Indias economy will benefit from this “demographic dividend“, which has powered many of Asias eco
6、nomic miracles.The second reason for optimism is Indias much-desired democracy. The notion that democracy retards development in poor countries has gained currency in recent years. Certainly, it has its disadvantages. Elected governments bow to the demands of selfish factions and interest groups. Ev
7、en the most urgent decisions are endlessly debated and delayed.China does not have this problem. When its technocrats decide to dam a river, build a road or move a village, the dam goes up, the road goes down and the village disappears. The displace villagers may be compensated, but they are not all
8、owed to stand in the way of progress. Chinas leaders make rational decisions that balance the needs of all citizens over the long term. This has led to rapid, sustained growth that has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty.Indias state may be weal, but its private companies are strong
9、. Indian capitalism is driven by millions of entrepreneurs all furiously doing their own thing. Since the early 1990s, when India opened up to foreign trade, Indian business has boomed. The country now boasts legions of thriving small business and a fair number of world-class ones whose English-spea
10、king bosses network confidently with the global elite. They are less dependent on state patronage than Chinese firms, and often more innovative. Ideas flow easily around India, since it lacks Chinas culture of secrecy and censorship. That, plus Chinas rampant privacy, is why knowledge-based industri
11、es such as software love India but shun the Middle Kingdom.Given the choice between doing business in China or India, most foreign investors would probably pick China. The market is bigger, the government easier to deal with. But as the global economy become more knowledge-intensive, Indias advantag
12、e will grow. That is something to ponder while stuck in the Delhi traffic.1 According to Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2, we can summarize that_.（A）the press and athletes must have found fault with Indians preparations（B） a big sporting event will tell you something important about the nation that hosts
13、 it（C） Indian seems to be a second-rate power（D）the economic growth of India this year amounts to 8.5%2 The differences between China and India mentioned in the text include the following facts except that_.（A）Chinas workforce will begin to be older and shrinking while Indians dependency ratio is on
14、e of the best in the world（B） Chinese firms depend more on state sponsorship while Indians do not（C） India is a birthplace of innovations while Chinas culture of secrecy and censorship is permeating（D）India has its much-desired democracy which Chinese government does not obtain3 According to the aut
15、hor, what is not true in the democracy case?（A）Democracy may delay some urgent decisions.（B） Democratic government may prefer a small groups interests.（C） Democracy will retard a countrys development.（D）Under democracy, one country can still be blessed with a strong government.4 On which of the foll
16、owing would the author least probably agree?（A）Indias GDP growth will outpace China in some day.（B） India could be a dreamland for foreign investors.（C） China has a strong central government because it lacks democracy.（D）Indian should learn from China in many aspects.5 Which of the following best su
17、mmarizes the text?（A）China still leads an Asian charge, but India refuses to admit being inferior.（B） Many facets of China and India worth our comparison and consideration.（C） The author analyzes Indias limits and strength.（D）It is a long way to go before India outdoes China.5 For Americas children
18、the education system is often literally a lottery. That is the main message of a new documentary about Americas schools, “Waiting for superman.“ It is intended to create a surge in public support for education reform at least as great as the clamour to do something about climate change generated by
19、Al Gores eco-disaster flick.The timing could hardly be better. The “jobless recovery“ is finally bringing home to Americans the fact that too many of those who go through its schools are incapable of earning a decent living in an increasingly competitive global economy. Despite its depressing enumer
20、ation of the failure of so many schools, its miserable ending, and the bleakness of its title, the movie also has a message of hope: there are good schools and teachers in America, whose methods could make its education system as good as any in the world.That truth, recognized by anyone who has spen
21、t even a few hours in, say, a KIPP charter school, is an inconvenient one to the teachers unions. For example, the film features efforts to reform the school system in Washington, DC, led by Adrian Fenry, the mayor, and Michelle Rhee, his combative schools chief, including a scene where Ms Rhees off
22、er to double salaries for teachers in exchange for them giving up tenure and accepting performance-related wages is rejected by the unions. Right on cue for the launch of the film.The teachers unions have resolutely opposed efforts to pay good teachers more than mediocre ones, to fire the worst perf
23、ormers, and to shut down schools that consistently fail to deliver a decent education. This, coupled with underfunding in poor areas, has resulted in a shortage of good schools; so the few that are worth getting into are hugely oversubscribed. Ms Rhee upset the unions by refusing to accept all this,
24、 closing dozens of schools and firing 1,000 teachers.Perhaps the most important thing about “Waiting for superman“ is that it is liberal, Al Gore-friendly types who are highlighting the fact the teachers unions are putting their worst-performing members before the interests of Americas children. Cla
25、ss war may be about to break our within the Democrats. Teachers union members are a vocal group within the party; but its rising starssuch as Cory Booker, the mayor of Newark, who has just persuaded Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, to donate $100m to improve the citys schoolsare making scho
26、ol reform a priority.To be fair, the unions are not all bad. As Bill Gates has pointed out, they are taking part in an initiative funded by his foundation to develop new measures of teacher performance. Moreover, he notes, reform cannot succeed without the support of the majority of teachers. Even s
27、o, the fact is that the teachers unions are the primary obstacle to reformwhich presents leading Democrats, and above all, Barack Obama, with a crucial test: will they be willing to confront a core part of their membership in the interests of Americas children? Mr Obama has gone further than many ex
28、pected in pushing school reform. If he has any doubt as to which side he ought to be on, he need only ask that bellwether of public opinion, his old friend Oprah Winfrey. She recently invited Ms Rhee onto her show, where the audience gave her a standing ovation.6 In Paragraph 1, the text suggests th
29、at_.（A）a new documentary movie will be shown soon（B） climate change craves for public support（C） American children have a rare chance of going to the decent schools（D）according to the name of the documentary, it is a movie about a super hero7 Which of the following is true of the teachers unions?（A）
30、Mr Fenty and Ms Rhee is trying to protect teachers unions interests.（B） They have managed to persuaded Zuckerberg to do something to improve school quality.（C） They have a decisive influence within the Democrats.（D）Their efforts have resulted in shortage of decent educations.8 We can infer that the
31、main reason for teachers unions to reject performance-related wages is that_.（A）ordinary teachers interests will probably not be maintained（B） Ms Rhee offered to double good teachers salaries（C） it probably will force them to give up their tenure（D）the good schools will be probably oversubscribed if
32、 they accept9 It is indicated in the last paragraph that_.（A）Bill Gates favors teachers developing new measures of teacher performance（B） a core part of Democrat sets childrens interests aside（C） Obamas efforts on education reform are disappointing（D）the author hopes Obama to pull out the big guns o
33、n education reform10 The authors attitude towards teachers union can be best described by_.（A）skeptism（B） objectiveness（C） criticism（D）disappointment10 For anyone who doubts that the texting revolution is upon us, consider this: The average 12-to 17-year-old sends and receives 3,339 texts a monthmor
34、e than 100 per day, according to the Nielsen Co., the media research firm. Adults are catching up. People from ages 45 to 54 sent and received 323 texts a month in the second quarter of 2010, up 75% from a year ago, Nielsen says.Behind the texting explosion is a fundamental shift in how we view our
35、mobile devices. That they are phones is increasingly beside the point.Nielsen analyzed cellphone bills of 60,000 mobile subscribers and found adults made and received an average of 188 mobile phone calls a month in the 2010 period, down 25% from the same period three years earlier. Average monthly “
36、talk minutes“ fell 5% for the period compared with 2009; among 18-to 24-year-olds, the decline was 17%.Text messages take up less bandwidth than phone calls and cost less. A text messages content is so condensed that it routinely fails, even more than email, to convey the writers tone and affect. Th
37、e more we text, the greater the opportunity for misunderstanding.A recent survey of 2,000 college students asked about their attitudes toward phone calls and text-messaging and found the students predominant goal was to pass along information in as little time, with as little small talk, as possible
38、. “What they like most about their mobile devices is that they can reach other people,“ says Naomi Baron, a professor of linguistics at American University in Washington, who conducted the survey. “What they like least is that other people can reach them.“Part of whats driving the texting surge amon
39、g adults is the popularity of social media. Sites like Twitter, with postings of no more than 140 characters, are creating and reinforcing the habit of communicating in micro-bursts. And these sites also are pumping up sheer volume. Many Twitter and Facebook devotees create settings that alert them,
40、 via text message, every time a tweet or message is earmarked for them. Economics has much to do with textings popularity. Text messages cost carriers less than traditional mobile voice transmissions, and so they cost users less.Textings rise over conversation is changing the way we interact, social
41、 scientists and researchers say. We default to text to relay difficult information. We stare at our phone when we want to avoid eye contact. Rather than make plans in advance, we engage in what Rich Ling, a researcher for the European telecom company Telenor and a professor at IT University in Copen
42、hagen who studies teens and technology, has named “micro-coordination“Ill txt u in lOmins when I know wh/restrnt.“Texting saves us time, but it steals from quiet reflection. “When people have a mobile device and have even the smallest increment of extra time, they will communicate with someone in th
43、eir life,“ says Lee Rinie, American Life Project.Of course, the phone conversation will never be completely obsolete. Deal makers and other professional still spend much of the day on the phone. Researchers say people are more likely to use text-based communications at the preliminary stages of proj
44、ects. The phone comes into play when there are multiple options to consider or binding decisions to be made.11 The underlined word “reinforcing“ in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to_.（A）assisting（B） facilitating（C） fortifying（D）coercing12 Nielsons data is mentioned in Paragraph 1 and 3 to_.（A）sta
45、te that texters of both the youth and adults have increased（B） pave the way for the explanation on advantages of texting（C） introduce the reason of the texting explosion（D）to state subscribers spend more time on texting13 According to the text, the limits of texting include the following facts excep
46、t_.（A）the possibility of misunderstanding increases（B） our interaction will be changed（C） it may cause us to meditate less（D）it fails to express senders manner of speaking14 Which of the following is not the reason of texting explosion?（A）We change our stereotypes about the functions of our cell pho
47、nes.（B） Text need less bandwidth and its expense is lower.（C） The welcome of the social sites have jumpstarted the surge of texting.（D）Our interaction has transformed into “micro-coordination“ .15 An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be_.（A）Text Revolution（B） We Want to Reach Others b
48、ut Not to be Interrupted（C） Why You Love Texts, Hate Calls（D）Phone Conversation Eliminated by Texts?15 For decades, research universities in the US have been universally acknowledged as the worlds leaders in science and engineering, unsurpassed since World War II in the sheer volume and excellence o
49、f the scholarship and innovation that they generate. But there are growing signs that the rest of the world is gaining ground fastbuilding new universities, improving existing ones, competing hard for the best students, and recruiting US-trained PhDs to return home to work in university and industry labs. Is the international scholarly pecking order about to be overturned?There is no question that the academic enterprise has become increasingly global, particularly in t
