1、考研英语模拟试卷 27及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The small size of the components of computer chips has proved unstoppable. In each new (1)_, those components are smaller and more t
2、ightly packed than they were in their predecessor. (2)_ has been so rapid that chip designers are (3)_ apparently fundamental barriers to further reductions in size and increases in density. In a small size version of the (4)_ to wireless communication in the macroscopic world, a group of researcher
3、s led by Alain Nogaret, think they can make chips (5)_ components talk to each other wirelessly. The researchers (6)_ to use the standard print techniques employed in chipmaking to coat a semiconductor with tiny magnets. These magnets will (7)_ local magnetic fields that point in opposite directions
4、 at different points (8)_ the chips surface. Electrons have a (9)_ called spin that is affected by magnetic fields, and the team hopes to use a/an (10)_ called inverse electron-spin vibration to make electrons (11)_ the chip emit microwaves. Dr. Nogaret imagine great advances that would stem (12)_ t
5、he success of his work, and these are not (13)_ to the possibility of packing components yet more tightly. In todays chips, the failure of a single connection can put the whole circuit out of (14)_. This should not happen with a wireless system (15)_ it could be programmed to re-route signals. The p
6、roject will not be (16)_ sailing. Generating microwaves powerful enough to (17)_ data reliably will (18)_ involve stacking several layers of magnets and semiconductors together and encouraging the electrons in them to move in a harmonious union. But if it (19)_, a whole new wireless world will be (2
7、0)_. （ A） relation （ B） consideration （ C） information （ D） generation （ A） Progress （ B） Congress （ C） Decrease （ D） Program （ A） approaching （ B） approach （ C） approached （ D） approaches （ A） visit （ B） shift （ C） trend （ D） finish （ A） whom （ B） what （ C） whose （ D） which （ A） manage （ B） turn （
8、C） intend （ D） like （ A） generate （ B） discover （ C） make （ D） grow （ A） in （ B） on （ C） under （ D） behind （ A） reality （ B） opportunity （ C） prosperity （ D） property （ A） instrument （ B） action （ C） effect （ D） research （ A） passing by （ B） passing on （ C） passing away （ D） passing through （ A） for
9、 （ B） from （ C） of （ D） to （ A） confined （ B） contracted （ C） convicted （ D） contacted （ A） action （ B） relation （ C） procession （ D） possession （ A） while （ B） and （ C） because （ D） therefore （ A） easy （ B） plain （ C） direct （ D） casual （ A） transform （ B） transport （ C） transmit （ D） transact （ A）
10、 mainly （ B） entirely （ C） absolutely （ D） probably （ A） operates （ B） works （ C） starts （ D） goes （ A） opened up （ B） come up （ C） turned up （ D） gone up Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 For the past two
11、years in Silicon Valley, the centre of Americas technology industry, conference-goers have entertained themselves playing a guessing game: how many times will a speaker mention the phrase “long tail“? It is usually a high number, thanks to the influence of the long-tail theory, which was first devel
12、oped by Chris Anderson, the editor of Wired magazine, in an article in 2004. Though technologists and bloggers chuckle at how every business presentation now has to have its long-tail section, most are envious of Mr. Anderson, whose brainwave quickly became the most fashionable business idea around.
13、 Whether a blockbuster film, a bestselling novel, or a chart-topping rap song, popular culture idolises the hit. Companies devote themselves to creating them because the cost of distribution and the limits of shelf space in physical shops mean that profitability depends on a high volume of sales. Bu
14、t around the beginning of this century a group of internet companies realised that with endless shelves and a national or even international audience online they could offer a huge range of products and make money at the same time. The niche, the obscure and the specialist, Mr. Anderson argues, will
15、 gain ground at the expense of the hit. As evidence, he points to a drop in the number of companies that traditionally calculate their revenue/sales ratio according to the 80/20 rule where the top fifth of products contribute four-fifths of revenues. Ecast, a San Francisco digital jukebox company, f
16、ound that 98% of its 10000 albums sold at least one track every three months. Expressed in the language of statistics, the experiences of Ecast and other companies such as Aragon, an online bookseller, suggest that products down in the long tail of a statistical distribution, added together, can be
17、highly profitable. The internet helps people find their way to relatively obscure material with recommendations and reviews by other people, (and for those willing to have their artistic tastes predicted by a piece of software) computer programs which analyse past selections. Long-tail enthusiasts a
18、rgue that the whole of culture will benefit, not just commercial enterprises. Television, film and music are such bewitching media in their own right that many people are quite happy to watch and listen to what the mainstream provides. But if individuals have the opportunity to pick better, more ide
19、ally suited entertainment from a far wider selection, they will take it, according to the theory of the long tail. Some analysts reckon that entire populations might become happier and wiser once they have access to thousands of documentaries, independent films and subgenres of every kind of music,
20、instead of being subjected to what Mr. Anderson calls the tyranny of lowest-common-denominator fare. That might be taking things a bit far. But the long tail is certainly one of the internets better gifts to humanity. 21 In the first paragraph the author mentioned the conference-goers guessing game,
21、 he wants to show _. （ A） it is usually a high number that speakers mentioned the phrase “long tail“. （ B） the enormous influence of the long-tail theory. （ C） conference-goers liked to entertain themselves playing the game. （ D） Chris Anderson was the first who developed “long tail“. 22 Which word
22、is most similar to “blockbuster“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) in meaning? （ A） Bomb-like. （ B） Unpopular. （ C） High profit. （ D） Bestselling. 23 Which of the following statements is lure? （ A） Only the internet can help people find more way to relatively obscure material. （ B） 80/20 rule is disproved by lo
23、ng-tail theory. （ C） Statistical distribution in the long tail can be highly profitable. （ D） The internet is a support point of long-tail theory. 24 Who will be benefited the least according to the theory? （ A） Sub-genre media. （ B） Big companies. （ C） Whole of culture. （ D） Individuals. 25 Whats t
24、he main idea of this passage? （ A） Chris Anderson and his “Long-tail“. （ B） Prevalence of “Long-tail“. （ C） What is Long-tail? （ D） Long-tail and Internet. 26 As with many a grown-up sporting star, the first hint of greatness came at an early age for Lewis Hamilton. As an eight-year-old at his first
25、 kart race, he charged “more like a mature driver than a novice“, remembers Martin Hines, owner of the Zip Kart racing company. Scything his way through the field just outside London, Hamilton had a confident style that seemed different from normal rookies, Hines says. “There was a little spark abou
26、t him“. Now 22, and in his debut season in Formula One he became the first black driver to make it onto the grid in motor racings blue-ribbon championship. His success and profile that have earned young Hamilton comparisons with other sporting greats. His color Hamiltons grandfather came to Britain
27、from Grenada in the 50s and the positive influence of his father, Anthony, have drawn parallels with Tiger Woods. Hamilton acknowledges that his participation could stoke interest among ethnic groups who may not be into the sport now. “Hopefully people that can relate to me will see that its possibl
28、e and also try to get into the sport“, he told the BBC. Moreover, his youth, good looks and wholesome image are also likely to get marketers fired up. Countless more karting titles followed before 2001. He “made seasoned drivers look silly“, says Tony Shaw, Hamiltons then team manager at Manor Motor
29、sport. Hamiltons raw, natural speed and canny race craft nudged him closer to the big leagues. Hamiltons “understanding of when and where to overtake and how to take advantage of a situation is very advanced“, Shaw says. At his first crack at GP2, the training ground for Formula One, Hamilton domina
30、ted the 2006 season with a series of blistering drives on his way to the title. Hamilton is “not worried about showing or doing what hes used to doing just because its Formula One“, says Hill. For many new drivers, “thats an enormous hurdle“. With the retirement last year of seven-time world champio
31、n Michael Schumacher, theres one less rival for Hamilton to negotiate. And Hamilton is certainly not short on confidence. When he first met Ron Dennisnow his Formula One team boss as a 10-year-old in a borrowed suit, Hamilton promptly told him he wanted to drive for McLaren. Three years later, he jo
32、ined the teams support program for promising young drivers. But, say former team managers, hes ready to listen and learn when things go wrong. Hamilton has a rare “capacity to question himself to analyze very clearly after a race“, says Frederic Vasseur, general manager at the ART Grand Prix team be
33、hind Hamiltons GP2 championship. As for whether hell become the Tiger Woods of the sport, its too early to know whether he can live up to those standards. But for now, his fans are bullish. Damon Hill was the last British driver to take the world crown. And its Hamilton, Hill says, “who looks likely
34、 to be the next“. 26 We can infer from the first paragraph that _. （ A） Lewis Hamilton seemed different from normal rookies because of his racing gift. （ B） Lewis Hamilton is always confident since he is an eight-year-old. （ C） Lewis Hamilton grows up in British. （ D） Lewis Hamilton was much better
35、than peer drivers. 27 Which is the most important reason why Lewis Hamilton “parallels with Tiger Woods“? （ A） Both of them first hint their greatness at an early age. （ B） Hamiltons grandfather came to Britain from Grenada in the 50s, the positive influence of his father and his color. （ C） Both of
36、 them can get market fire up. （ D） Both of them have large influence on many kinds of ethnic groups to participate in sports and society. 28 Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? （ A） Why Hamilton is closer to the big leagues is his raw, natural speed and canny race cra
37、ft. （ B） Hamilton is flexible at when and where in racing track. （ C） Retirement of Michael Schumacher is beneficial to Hamilton. （ D） Hamiltons capacity to question himself is the only reason of his success. 29 Which word is most similar in meaning to “bullish“ (Line 2, Last paragraph)? （ A） Optimi
38、stic. （ B） Foolish. （ C） Obstinate. （ D） Fevered. 30 Which one is the best title of the passage? （ A） Lewis Hamilton: A Rising Sport Star （ B） Lewis Hamilton: The Tiger Woods of Racing? （ C） Lewis Hamilton: Motor Racings First Black Driver （ D） Lewis Hamilton: A Super Motor Racing Driver 31 The Amer
39、ican screen has long been a smoky place, at least since 1942s Now, Voyager, in which Bette Davis and Paul Henreid showed how to make and seal a romantic deal over a pair of cigarettes that were smoldering as much as the stars. Today cigarettes are more common on screen than at any other time since m
40、idcentury: 75% of all Hollywood films including 36% of those rated G or PG show tobacco use, according to a 2006 survey by the University of California, San Francisco. Audiences, especially kids, are taking notice. Two recent studies, published in Lancet and Pediatrics, have found that among childre
41、n as young as 10, those exposed to the most screen smoking are up to 2.7 times as likely as others to pick up the habit. Worse, its the ones from nonsmoking homes who are hit the hardest. Now the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH) the folks behind the designated-driver campaign are pushing to ge
42、t the smokes off the screen. “Some movies show kids up to 14 incidents of smoking per hour“, says Barry Bloom, HSPHs dean. “Were in the business of preventing disease, and cigarettes are the No. 1 preventable cause“. Harvard long believed that getting cigarettes out of movies could have as powerful
43、an effect, but it wouldnt be easy. Cigarette makers had a history of striking product-placement deals with Hollywood, and while the 1998 tobacco settlement prevents that, nothing stops directors from incorporating smoking into scenes on their own. In 1999 Harvard began holding one-on-one meetings wi
44、th studio execs trying to change that, and last year the Motion Picture Association of America flung the door open, inviting Bloom to make a presentation in February to all the studios. Harvards advice was direct: Get the butts entirely out, or at least make smoking unappealing. A few films provide
45、a glimpse of what a no-smoking or low-smoking Hollywood would be like. Producer Lindsay Doran, who once helped persuade director John Hughes to keep Ferris Bueller smoke-free in the 1980s hit, wanted to do the same for the leads of her 2006 movie Stranger Than Fiction. When a writer convinced her th
46、at the character played by Emma Thompson had to smoke, Doran relented, but from the way Thompson hacks her way through the film and snuffs out her cigarettes in a palmful of spit, its clear the glamours gone. And remember all the smoking in The Devil Wears Prada? No? Thats because the producers of t
47、hat film kept it out entirely even in a story that travels from the US fashion world to Paris, two of the most tobacco-happy places on earth. “No one smoked in that movie“, says Doran, “and no one noticed“. Such movies are hardly the rule, but the pressure is growing. Like smokers, studios may concl
48、ude that quitting the habit is not just a lot healthier but also a lot smarter. 31 Why the author mentioned Now, Voyager? （ A） Smoke on screen can make romance. （ B） To show American screen was full of cigarette smoke. （ C） To explain why cigarettes are easier to get than past. （ D） The romantic Hol
49、lywood movie is a typical example of smoky screen. 32 Whats the authors purpose of the second paragraph? （ A） To show audiences are easy to be influenced by smoky movies. （ B） To show 10-year-old kids are the most dangerous group to pick up the habit by screen smoking. （ C） To show smoking cinematic version give the worst influence to nonsmoking homes kids. （ D） To show why should we prevent cigarettes on screen. 33 Its hard to get cigarettes out
