1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 27 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 At work, as in life, attractive women get a lot of good lucks. Studies have shown that they are more likely to be【C1】_than their pl
2、ain-Jane colleagues because people tend to project【C2】_traits【C3】_them, such as a sensitive heart and a cool head, they may also be at a/an【C4】_in job interviews. But research suggests otherwise. Brad Hanks at Georgia State University looked at what happens when job hunters include photos with their
3、 resume, as is the【C5】_in much of Europe and Asia. The pair sent made-up applications to over 2,500 real-life【C6】_. For each job, they sent two very similar resume, one with a photo, one without. Subjects had previously been graded for their attractiveness.For men, the results were【C7】_expected. Hun
4、ks were more likely to be called for an interview if they included a photo. Ugly men were better off not including one. However, for women this was【C8】_. Attractive females were less likely to be offered an interview if they included a mugshot. When applying directly to a company (rather than throug
5、h an agency) an attractive woman would need to send out 11 CVs on average【C9】_getting an interview; a/an【C10】_qualified plain one just seven.At first, Mr. Hanks considered【C11 】_he calls the “dumb-blonde hypothesis“that people【C12】_beautiful women to be stupid.【C13】_, the photos had also been rated
6、on how【C14】_people thought each subject looked; there was no【C15】_between perceived intellect and beauty.So the cause of the discrimination must【C16】_elsewhere. Human resources departments tend to be【C17】_mostly by women. Indeed, in the Israeli study, 93% of those tasked with selecting whom to invit
7、e for an interview were female. The researchers unavoidableand unpalatableconclusion is that old-fashioned【C18】_led the women to discriminate【C19】_pretty candidates.So should attractive women simply attach photos that make them look dowdy? No. Better, says Mr. Hanks, to discourage the practice of in
8、cluding a photo altogether. Companies might even consider the【C20】_model used in the Belgian public sector, where CVs do not even include the candidates name.1 【C1 】（A）recruited（B） offended（C） promoted（D）flattered2 【C2 】（A）possible（B） peculiar（C） perfect（D）positive3 【C3 】（A）with（B） to（C） in（D）on4 【C
9、4 】（A）advantage（B） benefit（C） favor（D）edge5 【C5 】（A）standard（B） norm（C） criterion（D）example6 【C6 】（A）places（B） sites（C） vacancies（D）spaces7 【C7 】（A）as（B） below（C） beyond（D）above8 【C8 】（A）diversified（B） conversed（C） reversed（D）reserved9 【C9 】（A）unless（B） before（C） while（D）when10 【C10 】（A）suitably（B）
10、fully（C） equally（D）ideally11 【C11 】（A）what（B） as（C） which（D）that12 【C12 】（A）assert（B） define（C） judge（D）assume13 【C13 】（A）Therefore（B） However（C） Additionally（D）Consequently14 【C14 】（A）intellectual（B） intelligent（C） intellect（D）intelligible15 【C15 】（A）conflict（B） overlap（C） correlation（D）alliance16
11、【C16 】（A）locate（B） rely（C） he（D）lay17 【C17 】（A）staffed（B） occupied（C） populated（D）inhabited18 【C18 】（A）admiration（B） jealousy（C） prejudice（D）stereotype19 【C19 】（A）about（B） against（C） with（D）for20 【C20 】（A）analogous（B） unanimous（C） anonymous（D）anecdotalPart ADirections: Read the following four texts.
12、 Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Commerce has long been at the mercy of the elements. The British East India Company was almost strangled at birth when it lost several of its ships in a storm. But the toll is rising. The world has been so preoccupied with
13、 the man-made catastrophes of subprime mortgages and sovereign debt that it may not have noticed how much economic chaos nature has wreaked. With earthquakes in Japan and New Zealand, floods in Thailand and Australia and tornadoes in America, last year was the costliest on record for natural disaste
14、rs.This trend is not, as is often thought, a result of climate change. There is little evidence that big hurricanes come ashore any more often than, say, a century ago. But disasters now extract a far higher price, for the simple reason that the worlds population and output are becoming concentrated
15、 in vulnerable cities near earthquake faults, on river deltas or along tropical coasts. Those risks will rise as the wealth of Shanghai and Kolkata comes to rival that of London and New York. Meanwhile, interconnected supply chains guarantee that when one region is knocked out by an earthquake or fl
16、ood, the reverberations are global.This may sound grim, but the truth is more encouraging. Richer societies may lose more property to disaster but they are also better able to protect their people. Indeed, although the economic toll from disasters has risen, the death toll has not, despite the world
17、s growing population.The right role for government, then, is not to resist urbanization but to minimize the consequences when disaster strikes. This means, first, getting priorities right. At present, too large a slice of disaster budgets goes on rescue and repair after a tragedy, and not enough on
18、consolidating defenses beforehand. Cyclone shelters are useless if they fall into disrepair.Second, government should be fiercer when private individuals and firms, left to pursue their own self-interest, put all of society at risk. For example, in their quest for growth, developers and local govern
19、ments have eradicated sand dunes, mangrove swamps, reefs and flood plains that formed natural buffers between people and nature. Preserving or restoring more of this natural capital would make cities more resilient, much as increased financial capital does for the banking system.Third, governments m
20、ust eliminate the perverse incentives their own policies produce. Politicians are often under pressure to limit the premiums insurance companies can charge. The result is to underprice the risk of living in dangerous areaswhich is one reason that so many expensive homes await the next hurricane on F
21、loridas coast. When governments rebuild homes repeatedly struck by floods and wildfires, they are subsidizing people to live in hazardous places.For their part companies need to operate on the assumption that a disaster will strike at some point. This means preparing contingency plans, reinforcing s
22、upply chains and even, costly though this might be, having reserve suppliers lined up: there is no point in having a perfectly efficient supply chain if it can be snapped whenever nature takes a turn for the worst. Disasters are inevitable; their consequences need not be.21 From the first three para
23、graphs, we know that nowadays natural disasters_.（A）are striking much more frequently than before（B） are causing much heavier casualties than before（C） are incurring much heavier financial loss than before（D）are inflicting more economic chaos than man-made catastrophes22 Which of the following prove
24、rbs can best summarize the authors suggestion to the government in Paragraph 4?（A）Lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen.（B） Repair the house before it rains.（C） Do not put all your eggs in one basket.（D）Sharpen your axe before cutting wood.23 The natural capital in Paragraph 5 refers
25、to_.（A）the defense built by human being to prevent natural disasters（B） the barrier formed by natural features to natural disasters（C） the capital that government pour into restoring natural landscapes（D）the capital that banks reserves for relief work after natural disaster24 It can be inferred from
26、 Paragraph 6 that_.（A）if one area was struck by natural disasters once, no habitation should be allowed there any more（B） the government shouldnt lift one policy just because it has some unpredicted side effects（C） people living in hazardous places would rather risk their lives for a high insurance
27、compensation（D）the premium the insurance companies charge is not positively correlated with the risk25 The passage is mainly talking about_.（A）how to limit the damage that natural disasters cause（B） the impact of natural disasters on economy（C） the advances made by the government in doing relief wor
28、k（D）the disadvantages of urbanization and global integration25 Barack Obama invited a puzzling group of people into the White House on December 5th: university presidents. Whatever they might be, they are at the heart of a political firestorm. Anger about the cost of college extends from the parents
29、 to Occupiers. Mr. Obama is trying to urge universities to address costs with “ much greater urgency“.This sense of urgency is justified: ex-students have debts approaching $ 1 trillion. But calm reflection is needed too. Americas universities suffer from many maladies besides cost. And rising costs
30、 are often symptoms of much deeper problems; problems that were irritating during the years of affluence but which are fatal in an age of austerity.The first problem is the inability to say “no“. For decades American universities have been offering more of everythingmore courses for undergraduates,
31、more research students for professors and more athletics for everybodyon the merry assumption that there would always be more money to pay for it all. The second is Ivy League Envy. The vast majority of American universities are obsessed by rising up the academic hierarchy, becoming a bit less like
32、Yokel-U and a bit more like Yale.Ivy League Envy leads to an obsession with research. This can be a problem even in the best universities: students feel short-changed by professors fixated on crawling along the frontiers of knowledge with a magnifying glass. At lower-level universities it causes dys
33、function. American professors of literature crank out 70,000 scholarly publications a year, compared with 13,757 in 1959. Most of these simply molder: Mark Bauerlein of Emory University points out that, of the 16 research papers produced in 2004 by the University of Vermonts literature department, a
34、 fairly representative institution, 11 have since received between zero and two citations. The time wasted writing articles that will never be read cannot be spent teaching.Popular anger about universities costs is rising just as technology is shaking colleges to their foundations. The internet is c
35、hanging the rules. Star academics can lecture to millions online rather than the chosen few in person. And for-profit companies such as the University of Phoenix are stripping out costs by concentrating on a handful of useful courses as well as making full use of the internet. The Sloan Foundation r
36、eports that online enrolments grew by 10% in 2010, against 2% for the sector as a whole.Nearly 100 years ago American universities faced similar worries about rising costs and detachment from the rest of society. Lawrence Lowell, the president of Harvard, argued that “Institutions are rarely murdere
37、d; they meet their end by suicide. They die because they have outlived their usefulness, or fail to do the work that the world wants done. “ Americas universities quickly began “ the work that the world wants done“ and started a century of American dominance of higher education. They need to repeat
38、the trick if that century is not to end in failure. 26 Which of the following may be one guiding education principle of the University of Phoenix?（A）Guaranteeing the free access to knowledge.（B） Concentrating on the cultivation of comprehensive qualities of students.（C） Being committed to practical
39、education.（D）Facilitating class-based education with advanced internet technology.27 The word maladies is closest in meaning to_.（A）disorders（B） disabilities（C） disadvantages（D）disagreement28 Which of the following statements is true about Ivy League Envy?（A）Professors are encouraged to publish more
40、 literary papers under the Ivy League Envy.（B） Ivy League Envy is a phenomenon specific to second-rate American universities.（C） Ivy League Envy stems from an abnormal obsession with academic research.（D）The decline of education quality in universities is partly attributed to Ivy League Envy.29 In o
41、rder to reduce the cost, American universities have to_.（A）say no to more applications from high school graduates（B） focus on the essential and discard the irrelevant（C） make a budget that caters to the interest of most people（D）give priority to teachers rather than students needs30 It can be inferr
42、ed from the last paragraph that the credit of American universitys success in the 20th century goes to_.（A）the adaption to the needs in society（B） the protection of the independence of universities（C） the persevering exploration in advanced science and technology（D）the active involvement in social m
43、ovement30 In 2010, Pamela Fink, an employee of a Connecticut energy company, made a new kind of discrimination claim: she charged that she had been fired because she carries genes that predispose her to cancer. Fink quickly became the public face for the cutting edge of civil rights: genetic discrim
44、ination.The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act, which was passed out of concern for just such cases in the wake of huge advances in genetics testing, took effect in late 2009. GINA, as it is known, makes it illegal for employers to fire or refuse to hire workers based on their “genetic inform
45、ation“ including genetic tests and family history of disease. GINA doesnt just apply to employers; health-insurance companies can be sued for using genetic information to set rates or even just for investigating peoples genes.The numbers of genetic-discrimination complaints will almost certainly inc
46、rease greatly in coming years, for the reason that, as biological science advances, there is likely to be even more genetic information available about people. Even though this sort of medical information should remain private, employers and insurance companies will have strong financial incentives
47、to get access to itand to use it to avoid people who are most likely to get sick.When genetic-discrimination claims start showing up in the courts in significant numbers, they are likely to get a sympathetic hearing. There are two major reasons that so many peopleeven congressional Republicans who a
48、re highly skeptical of civil rights lawslike GINA. First, there is the kind of discrimination it is aimed at: penalizing people for strands of DNA and RNA that they inherited from their parents through no fault of their own. In general, our society has decided to protect people for qualities that ar
49、e “ immutable“ that is, something about them that is impossible or, at least, very difficult to change.So we make it illegal to discriminate on the basis of race, national origin, skin color and sex. On the other hand, we generally do not protect people who are not hired because they lack a high school diploma or because they wear a beard. Our response to those people is that if you want the job you should get more education o
