1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 159 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 We all know whether we are left-handed or right-handed; hardly any of us know whether we are left-faced. Yet according to Professo
2、r Karl Smith of the University of Wisconsin we are all almost【B1】_one or the other. Right-faced people are more【B2 】_than left-faced people, and there is a striking【B3】_between left-facedness and musical talent. Beethoven was left-faced.【B4】_were Brahms, Schubert, Wagner, Tchaikovsky and the【B5】_of
3、other well-known living performers of all kinds of music.The idea of facedness【 B6】_from many years of computerized study of peoples lip, tongue and jaw movement【B7】_they were talking. Smith and his colleagues found that in most people one side of the face was more【B8】_than the other. There are othe
4、r【B9】_of facedness, some of which can be【B10】_in static pictures; in right-faced people the right-side of the face is【B11】_compressed between jaw and brow; the right eyebrow tends to be higher; dimples and wrinkles are less【B12 】_than on the left.From a study of more than 500 people Smith found that
5、 the【B13】_of right-faced people【B14】_about nine in ten among Americans to two in three among Acapulco Mexicans. The fact that【B15】_twins were always both right-faced or left-faced suggests a【B16】_origin for facedness.Those talented musical artists“singers and instrumentalists who perform classical,
6、operatic, country and jazz music are almost without exception left-faced.“ Smiths findings【B17】_with theories that the right hemisphere of the brain(which controls the left side of the face)is【B18】_for musical performance, the left hemisphere for【B19】_. The idea of facedness, he says, “suggests new【
7、B20 】_to the study of all aspects of cerebral dominance and its relation to handedness and speech disabilities“.1 【B1 】（A）hardly（B） certainly（C） accordingly（D）possibly2 【B2 】（A）indispensable（B） preferable（C） common（D）desirable3 【B3 】（A）association（B） similarity（C） agreement（D）comparison4 【B4 】（A）So（
8、B） Also（C） But（D）And5 【B5 】（A）majority（B） influence（C） names（D）celebrities6 【B6 】（A）emerged（B） aroused（C） dated（D）rose7 【B7 】（A）as（B） before（C） while（D）since8 【B8 】（A）attractive（B） active（C） graceful（D）particular9 【B9 】（A）aspects（B） shapes（C） ideas（D）signs10 【B10 】（A）tested（B） recognized（C） interpre
9、ted（D）limited11 【B11 】（A）more（B） less（C） little（D）much12 【B12 】（A）marked（B） remarkable（C） plain（D）unusual13 【B13 】（A）number（B） amount（C） proportion（D）total14 【B14 】（A）turned out（B） consisted of（C） added up to（D）ranged from15 【B15 】（A）variable（B） similar（C） identical（D）inheritable16 【B16 】（A）environm
10、ental（B） genetic（C） biological（D）inherent17 【B17 】（A）fit out（B） fill up（C） put up（D）fit in18 【B18 】（A）separated（B） revealed（C） specialized（D）tamed19 【B19 】（A）sensitivity（B） language（C） symmetry（D）knowledge20 【B20 】（A）approaches（B） trends（C） features（D）methodsPart ADirections: Read the following four
11、 texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 This is an approach to quality improvement based on the statistical work of Joseph Juran, one of two American pioneers of quality management in Japan. Sigma is a Greek letter used in mathematics to denote standard d
12、eviation, a statistical measure of the extent to which a series of numbers or readings deviates from its mean. One Sigma indicates a wide scattering of the readings. If the mean is the required quality standard of a particular process or product, then One Sigma quality is not very good. The higher t
13、he number, the closer the readings come to total perfection. At the Six Sigma level, there are only 3.4 defects per million.This may sound complicated, but in practice it has proved a popular way for managers to put quality management into effect. One of its great advantages is that it avoids the id
14、ea of aiming for “zero defects“, or total perfectiona frighteningly inaccessible goal for most. It presents a system for improving quality gradually. Companies or operational groups move step-by-step up the Sigma ladder, the ultimate goal being to reach the Six Sigma statestill just short of perfect
15、ion. Reasonably unsophisticated computer programs do the necessary calculations when fed with data on the goals(the specifications of the perfect product or process)and the organizations actual achievements.Six Sigma sounds like some sort of secret coven. Its advocates insist that it is no such thin
16、g. But it has certain attributes of the exclusive society. Anyone in an organization who goes on a basic training course for a Six Sigma program is called a Green Belt. Anyone who is given the full-time job of leading a team that is embarking on a Six Sigma exercise is given further training and is
17、called a Black Belt. Beyond this there are a special few who are trained even more, and they are called Master Black Belts. Their role is to champion the exercise throughout the organization and to watch over the Black Belts and ensure that they are consistently improving the quality of their teams
18、output.Pioneered in the United States by Motorola in the 1980s, Six Sigma became hugely popular in the 1990s after Jack Welch adopted it at General Electric.To achieve Six Sigma quality at GE, a process must produce no more than 3.4 defects per million “opportunities“. An opportunity is defined as “
19、a chance for non-conformance, or not meeting the required specifications“. The company says: “Six Sigma has changed the DNA of GE. It is now the way we workin everything we do and in every product we design“.21 It can be inferred from Paragraph 1 that（A）Joseph Juran came up with Six Sigma based on h
20、is statistical work.（B） Six Sigma is an approach to improving quality to total perfection.（C） mathematicians and statistical experts master Six Sigma best.（D）Six Sigma quality is relatively better than Four Sigma quality.22 We can learn from the first two paragraphs that Six Sigma（A）is more a mathem
21、atical and statistical measure than a managerial method.（B） indicates the quality of the product or process is closest to total perfection.（C） pursues not total perfection but a gradual process of quality enhancement.（D）is not only a mean approach but also a complex and inaccessible goal.23 People r
22、egard Six Sigma as a kind of secret coven in that it（A）is a strict and mysterious organization.（B） does not grant membership to outsiders.（C） has some features of a secret society.（D）has a rigid but orderly training system.24 The underlined word “they“ in Paragraph 3 refers to（A）the Green Belts.（B）
23、the Black Belts.（C） the Master Black Belts.（D）the team leaders.25 By saying “Six Sigma has changed the DNA. of GE“, the company most probably means Six Sigma（A）has earned huge popularity for GE.（B） has enabled GE to improve its quality.（C） has transformed the operation mode of GE.（D）has reformed the
24、 structure and organization of GE.25 Advice to would-be culture warriors in the 21st century: walk softly and carry a big thesaurusa dictionary of classified synonyms. According to the conventional wisdom, the culture wars are over in Washingtonor, at the very least, reduced to minor disputes. Buoye
25、d by the support of centrist, socially conservative Christians, the Obama administration has ushered in a new era of conciliation. Ideological opponentsespecially those on either side of the abortion issueare now trying to establish common ground. A first order of business is “abortion reduction,“ a
26、 seemingly non-controversial and praiseworthy goal. By agreeing that abortion is a complex moral issue and that it should be less frequent, former enemies can work together to find ways to reduce abortions.Beneath all the optimism though, tensions continue to boil, and it can seem that differences b
27、etween the old culture wars and the new ones are merely differences in tone and tactics, not in ideology. In previous eras, warriors fought with rhetorical arguments; now they use new semantic weapons so sharp they could split a hair. On both sides, people say they want abortion reduction. But liste
28、n carefully to how they say it. On the left, the so-called common ground advocates talk about reducing the need for abortion, while on the right, folks talk about reducing the number of abortions. The way you talk about your desire for common ground, it turns out, signals whose side youre actually o
29、n. The left wants to reduce demand for abortion; the right wants to reduce supply.Inside the Beltway, these seemingly invisible semantic differences have big policy implications, for the inevitable question arises: how do folks intend to reduce abortions? Two bills currently in Congress point to the
30、 deep, ideological differences that continue to linger. The Pregnant Women Support Act, favored mostly by pro-life groups, provides financial support especially for poor and younger mothers who want to carry their pregnancies to term. The Prevention First Act, favored mostly by pro-choice groups, fu
31、nds contraception(the practice of preventing a woman from becoming pregnant when she has sex)and comprehensive sex education especially to poor and younger women.The conversation about “abortion reduction“ then, is not really about abortion but about other hot-button issues: birth control, premarita
32、l sex, teen sex and sex education.Outside the Beltway, who really cares? According to an ABC News/Washington Post poll from August 2008, 54 percent of Americans support legal abortion in all or most casesexactly the same percentage as a decade ago. Its hard to imagine anyone arguing with the basic p
33、remise: in an ideal world, fewer American women would seek abortions. How our government achieves that end matters; how activists talk about achieving it matters not at all.26 From the first paragraph, we can learn that（A）abortion reduction is approached in a different way.（B） culture wars are over
34、in the new era of conciliation.（C） former enemies cooperate to address a technical issue.（D）abortion controversies are less frequent than before.27 The first sentence in paragraph 2 denotes that（A）its the way of expression that has not changed during culture wars.（B） the difference between the old c
35、ulture wars and the new ones is ambiguous.（C） both the new culture wars and the old ones share the same essence.（D）the new cultural wars are breaking the grounds of the old ones.28 The difference of the two sides in the new culture war is characterized as（A）ideological.（B） rhetorical.（C） semantic.（D
36、）psychological.29 On which of the following statements would pro-choice groups most probably agree?（A）Sex education is an essential part of abortion reduction.（B） Poor mothers are expected to follow contraception practices.（C） Young mothers should protect their rights of pregnancy.（D）Premarital sex
37、must be outlawed to control birth rate.30 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（A）abortion is about to be specified as illegal in America.（B） the means of achieving the goal of less abortions is more important.（C） more and more Americans will support legal abortion in most cases.（D）the way
38、 of discussion determines whether the ideal will be achieved or not.30 A meager diet may give you health and long life, but its not much funand it might not even be necessary. We may be able to hang on to most of that youthful vigor even if we dont start to diet until old age. Stephen Spindler and h
39、is colleagues from the University of California at Riverside have found that some of an elderly mouses liver genes can be made to behave as they did when the mouse was young simply by limiting its food for four weeks. The genetic rejuvenation wont reverse other damage caused by time for the mouse, b
40、ut could help its liver metabolize drugs or get rid of toxins.Spindlers team fed three mice a normal diet for their whole lives, and fed another three on half-rations. Three more mice were switched from the formal diet to half-feed for a month when they were 34 months old equivalent to about 70 huma
41、n years. The researchers checked the activity of 11,000 genes from the mouse livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed mice. The changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical productionprobably bad news for mouse health. In the mice that had dieted all t
42、heir lives, 27 of those 46 genes continued, to behave like young genes. But the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 percent of these gene changes. “This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,“ says Huber Wa
43、rner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington, D.C.No one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful. “Theres attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,“ he says. If it does work in people, there might be good reasons f
44、or rejuvenating the liver. As we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for example. A brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is effective.But Spindler isnt sure the trade-off is worth it. “The mice get less disease, they live lon
45、ger, but theyre hungry,“ he says. “Even seeing what a diet ddis, its still hard to go to a restaurant and say: I can only eat half of that.“ Spindler hopes we soon wont need to diet at all. His company, Life Span Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie restricti
46、on. 31 Which of the following is true, according to the first paragraph?（A）Eating less than usual might make us live longer.（B） If we go on a diet when old, we may not keep healthy.（C） Dieting is necessary if you want to live a long life.（D）We might have to begin dieting from an early age.32 An elde
47、rly mouse is mentioned to（A）describe the influence of old age on mice.（B） illustrate the effect of a meager diet on mice.（C） tell us how mices liver genes behave.（D）inform us of the process of metabolizing drugs.33 What can be inferred about completely normally fed mice from the text?（A）They will no
48、t experience free radical production.（B） They will experience more genetic changes in their lifetime.（C） They have more liver genes to behave like young genes.（D）They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.34 In the experiment, the most interesting finding the researchers got is that（A）elderly
49、mice can benefit much from dieting.（B） about half of the genes continued to behave young.（C） calorie restriction plan also works in people.（D）dieting can make drug effective.35 According to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that（A）calorie restriction is very important to people.（B） seeing the effect of a diet, people will eat less than normal.（C） dieting might not be the best method to give us a healthy and long life.（D）drugs do not have the effe
