1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 167 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 There are age-related differences in our ability to lie. These are【B1】_the development of the prefrontal cortexa part of the brain
2、 involved in controlling our behavior. It doesnt fully develop until young【B2 】_, after which it gradually declines. We【B3】_that the ability to lie would also follow this【B4】_and thats what we found. We focus on the cognition of lyinghow hard it is to lie,【B5】_we can judge by how long it takes a per
3、son to【B6 】_a false statement. Theres a lot of evidence suggesting lying is more【B7 】_demanding than telling the truth.Lying is a very【B8】_phenomenon. There are many 【B9】_involvedthe motivation to lie, emotions , social factors and so on. We【B10】_the cognitive aspect of lying. Its a narrow scope, bu
4、t that【B11】_us to apply science to the issue.Why do young adults lie【B12 】_? I am speculating, but it【B13】_has something to do with gaining【B14】_at that agebecoming an individual and【B15】_themselves from their parents or teachers. They tend to lie more to authority figures.Weve been developing compu
5、terised tests where we try to【B16】_whether a person is lying or not, based on how fast they respond. Another approach might be to make lying more【B17 】_You could ask them to tell their story in【B18 】_order, for example, or ask questions that they wouldnt【B19】_For a long time, lie detection has focus
6、ed on techniques that are based on stress. But these gave a lot of false positives, because truth-tellers can get as stressed as【B20】_1 【B1 】（A）in accordance with（B） in line with（C） in comparison with（D）in addition to2 【B2 】（A）adulthood（B） adolescence（C） childhood（D）maturity3 【B3 】（A）discovered（B） s
7、upposed（C） predicted（D）tested4 【B4 】（A）pattern（B） trend（C） guideline（D）timeframe5 【B5 】（A）which（B） where（C） who（D）whom6 【B6 】（A）conclude（B） concoct（C） acquire（D）require7 【B7 】（A）absolutely（B） obviously（C） fundamentally（D）cognitively8 【B8 】（A）complex（B） strange（C） simple（D）immoral9 【B9 】（A）phenomena（
8、B） factors（C） psychology（D）morality10 【B10 】（A）focus on（B） depend on（C） rely on（D）base on11 【B11 】（A）leads（B） directs（C） makes（D）allows12 【B12 】（A）more often（B） more and more（C） many times（D）so much13 【B13 】（A）basically（B） probably（C） naturally（D）recently14 【B14 】（A）autonomy（B） automation（C） auction
9、（D）attribution15 【B15 】（A）surging（B） separating（C） serializing（D）sequencing16 【B16 】（A）see（B） select（C） separate（D）serenade17 【B17 】（A）conscious（B） immediate（C） correlative（D）sophisticated18 【B18 】（A）comparative（B） relevant（C） recent（D）reverse19 【B19 】（A）know（B） answer（C） expect（D）explore20 【B20 】（A
10、）liars（B） youngsters（C） adults（D）individualsPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Laura Strong, a 29-year-old in suburban Chicago, owes $245,000 on student loans for the psychology Ph. D. she finished in 2013. Th
11、is year, she says she hopes to earn $ 35 ,000 working part-time jobs as a therapist and yoga teachernot enough to manage a loan payment of about $ 2,000 a month. But Strong isnt paying anything close to that. Shes one of at least 3. 8 million Americans whove qualified for federal programs that tie p
12、ayments to income and eventually forgive debt for some struggling borrowers , leaving taxpayers to pick up the tab.President Obama has praised the programs for offering a lifeline to borrowers whod otherwise default, scarring their credit. Strong pays about $ 100 a month on her federal loans, which
13、she used to finance her graduate studies at Argosy University. “ I wouldnt know how I would pay it back otherwise, she says.Income-based repayment was introduced under President Clinton, but the programs werent heavily promoted until late 2013, when the Obama administration began sending e-mails to
14、borrowers, telling them, “ Your initial payment could be as low as $ 0 a month. “ The number of people using these plans has quadrupled since 2012. About half of outstanding balances in the Department of Educations Grad Plus loans, which finance advanced-degree studies, are in income-driven plans. M
15、ost borrowers in the programs have payments capped at 15 percent of income, with allowances for housing and other expenses. In December the Obama administration is expected to expand the number of borrowers eligible for a payment cap of 10 percent. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said the plans p
16、rotect people going into socially valuable but low-paying lines of work from crushing debt. “ Thats good for them. Thats good for our economy. Its good for our society,“ he said.Critics say the plans are a hidden subsidy to well-off students and colleges, which can justify tuition increases by reass
17、uring students that they may not have to repay their debt. In a seminar at Georgetown Law, Charles Pruett, assistant dean for financial aid, was captured on video telling alumni they could “ignore“ debt balances if they spent 10 years in government or nonprofit jobs, which would qualify them for ear
18、ly loan forgiveness. Pruett says Georgetown promotes the programs to encourage graduates to take public-service jobs. “Its an earned benefit, not a giveaway,“ he says.Borrowers hold $1.2 trillion in federal student loans, the second-biggest category of consumer debt, after mortgages. For taxpayers t
19、he loans are “ a slow-ticking time bomb,“ says Stephen Stanley, a former Federal Reserve economist.21 Some borrowers dont need to pay their loans if_.（A）they can meet the requirements of federal programs（B） their income cannot cover their monthly loan payment（C） they leave their debt to taxpayers（D）
20、they have personal financial difficulties22 It can be inferred from Para. 2 that without the federal programs, _.（A）borrowers would have difficulty to live on（B） borrowers would default on their loans（C） borrowers cannot manage their debt（D）borrowers couldnt earn enough to pay their debt23 Which of
21、the following is true about income-driven plans?（A）It was introduced and favored by President Clinton.（B） It gives support to those who go for advanced studies.（C） It offers basic guarantee to low-income borrowers.（D）It benefits those borrowers with socially valuable jobs most.24 Why do critics worr
22、y that income-driven plans would lead to tuition increases?（A）The plans offer direct subsidy to wealthy students and colleges.（B） The plans allow tuition to increase at a rational range.（C） The plans make students less worried about tuition increases.（D）The plans guaranteed students that they need n
23、ot repay their debt.25 The statement “a slow-ticking time bomb“(Para. 5)implies that_.（A）federal student loans will have a long-term effect on taxpayers（B） federal student loans will exert a negative influence on the economy（C） taxpayers life will be ruined by federal student loans（D）taxpayers will
24、pay a painful cost for federal student loans25 Can you spot whether someone is likely to try to take their own life? Now a blood test could help doctors identify those most at risk. Chemicals in the blood may provide a much-needed clue. Alexander Niculescu of Indiana University in Indianapolis and h
25、is colleagues have developed a questionnaire and blood test that together predicted with 92 percent accuracy who among a group of 108 men receiving psychiatric treatment would develop suicidal feelings over the next year. Preliminary evidence suggests the test also works for women.Because only about
26、 16 in every 100,000 people end their own lives, a test with such a level of accuracy will give many false positive and false negative results if used on the general population. But it could prove useful for people who are already having psychiatric care, especially those who are addicted to drugs,
27、incarcerated or have a family history of suicide, all of which are known suicide risk factors.Although many factors like these are identified after a person kills himself, none are predictive. While 90 percent of people who kill themselves have been diagnosed with depression, only 2 percent of peopl
28、e with depression kill themselves.A test that can spot suicidal intentions without relying on self-disclosure would help doctors to start preventative measures, such as putting someone on suicide watch. This typically involves preventing someone from leaving hospital, confiscating potentially hazard
29、ous items and continually monitoring behavior. Research shows that suicide attempters can be dissuaded from trying again, so the test might tell who could benefit from receiving such intervention before they have even tried to take their life.To develop the test, over several years Niculescus team t
30、ook blood samples from 217 men undergoing various psychiatric treatments. They compared changes in gene expression in 37 of them who developed suicidal feelings with previously published work and with post-mortem samples of 26 men who had killed themselves. They identified 11 gene changes that could
31、 be biological markers for spotting people who might be considering suicide, and they monitored these same markers in a test group of 265 men with psychiatric conditions.Niculescus test has already proved successful where it would be used mostin hospitals. There, people are at a higher risk of suici
32、de than the general population. Niculescu and his team found the test was especially predictive for people with bipolar disorder, predicting with 98 percent accuracy which of them would develop suicidal thoughts, and with 94 percent accuracy who would make an attempt serious enough to require hospit
33、alization. “ It could be used as a screening instrument,“ says Niculescu. If somebody scored highly, they could be followed more closely, be hospitalised longer, their medications added or changed. “26 According to the author, the blood test method is_.（A）accurate（B） predictive（C） generally applicab
34、le（D）misleading27 The majority of people who suffer from depression_.（A）carry one of the suicide risk factors（B） can be diagnosed by means of blood test（C） would be more likely to commit suicide（D）would not necessarily take their own life28 How can suicide attempters benefit from the blood test?（A）T
35、he blood test can spot their suicide intentions.（B） The blood test can identify the cause of their suicide attempt.（C） They can be dissuaded from trying to commit suicide again.（D）They can be prevented from making the first suicide attempt.29 In their research, the Niculescus team found out_.（A）the
36、blood test method also works for women（B） the blood test can give false results（C） 11 gene changes which lead to suicide feelings（D）biological markers which tell who may commit suicide30 Which of the following is the best title for this text?（A）How to Help Someone with Suicidal Feelings（B） Common Si
37、gns of Someone with Suicidal Feelings（C） Why Are Some People More Likely to Commit Suicide（D）Blood Test Shows Gene Changes of Suicidal Behaviour30 In a new study released by Pew, researchers find that while Millennialspeople who were born after 1981are back to the pre-recession era unemployment leve
38、ls of 7.7% , they havent been able to establish themselves as adults in other ways, like owning a home or getting married.Richard Fry, an economist and lead author of the study, describes the situation as Millennials “failure to launch. “Fry told TIME,“The group that was hit the hardestyoung adultsa
39、re now getting full-time jobs and earnings are tracking upwards. But the surprise is that with the recovery in the labor market, there are fewer young adults living independently. “When the recession hit, young people moved back into their parents house in droves, unemployed and without much hope fo
40、r any future work. The thought process was that once the economy improved and Millennials returned to work, theyd scoot out of their parents lair. But that hasnt been the case, and economists arent sure why.About 42. 2 million 18-to-34 year olds are living away from home this year; 2007s numbers wer
41、e just above 2015s independent young adult population at 42. 7 million. There are a few common characteristics of these Millennial householders; they are more likely to be women(72% compared to their male counterparts)and college-educated(86% of those with bachelors degrees were living independently
42、 compared to 75% of the same peer group holding only a high school education). Fry points to women getting in permanent romantic relationships earlier that either lead to marriage or cohabitation as the cause of this gender difference.The consequences of Millennials still living at home go far beyon
43、d the household dynamics of adult children being at home with parents. Consider the housing sector, which has not recovered from the 2008 economic tumble. If more young adults had decided to take on home ownership, the economy may have improved more.So how are Millennials most likely living if theyr
44、e not living at home? Probably with a roommate, or doubled up with a fellow adult who is not their spouse or partner, data suggests.But having a roommate or living at home have real demographic effects for the future, Fry says. He goes back to two key facts: that people living independently tend to
45、be better educated and that college educated people tend to delay marriage or not marry at all(though even Millennials with a high school education are not getting married as much as they used to). That means that less educated Millennials are facing consequences in not just the job market, but beyo
46、nd.31 According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is true about Millennials?（A）The author finds that Millennials did not act like adults in other ways.（B） Millennials refer to those who were born in the 1980s.（C） 7.7% of Millennials are unemployed at present.（D）Millennials should own a home or
47、get married as adults do.32 In his study, Richard Fry finds that_.（A）young adults suffer the most when the recession hit（B） young adults are getting full-time jobs and their earnings improved significantly（C） fewer young adults live independently because the labor market is still in recovery（D）Mille
48、nnials would move out of their parents house when the economy improved33 It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that_.（A）42.2 million Millennials aged from 18 to 34 are living separately from their parents this year（B） independent young adults in 2007 numbered 42.7 million, higher than that in 2015（C） f
49、ew common features can be found among Millennial householders（D）young women get married or cohabited earlier than young men34 If young adults decide to live independently, _.（A）they would help the housing sector to recover（B） they would probably live with a spouse or partner（C） they would rent a room instead of buying one（D）they would delay their marriage or do not marry at all35 Which of the follo
