1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 176 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Industrialism, at least within our experience of it for more than 200 years, never【 B1】_a point of equilibrium or a level plateau.
2、【B2】_its very principle of operation, it ceaselessly innovates and changes. Having largely【B3】_the agricultural work force, it moves on manufacturing【B4】_by creating new automated technology that increases manufacturing productivity【B5】_displacing workers. Manufacturing, from【B6】_a half or more of t
3、he employed population of industrial societies, shrinks to between a quarter and a third. Its place is filled by the service sector.The move to a service society is【B7】_by a great expansion in education, health, and other private and public welfare【B8】_. The population typically becomes not just hea
4、lthier, better housed, and better fed but also better educated. Professional and scientific knowledge becomes the most marketable【B9 】_The link between pure science and technology, loose and uncertain in the early【 B10】_of industrialization, becomes pivotal.Struck by these changes, as【B11】_with the
5、classic forms of industrial society of the 19th and early 20th centuries, some theorists have discerned a【B12】_to a new postmodern or postindustrial society. Such【B13】_may be premature. Most of the changes【B14】_late industrialism can be seen as the results of long-term developments【B15】_in the proce
6、ss ofindustrialization from the start. The rise of service industries has【B16】_in part from the increase in leisure and in disposable wealth and in part from the【B17】_process of mechanization and technical innovation,【B18】_constantly raises manufacturing productivity【 B19】_replacing human labour wit
7、h machines. It can also be seen as the【B20 】_of the growth of multinational corporations.1 【B1 】（A）reaches（B） obtains（C） arrives（D）maintains2 【B2 】（A）With（B） Under（C） Within（D）By3 【B3 】（A）diminished（B） eliminated（C） replaced（D）displaced4 【B4 】（A）efficiency（B） labor（C） employment（D）products5 【B5 】（A）
8、while（B） as（C） when（D）as soon as6 【B6 】（A）consisting of（B） accounting for（C） taking in（D）amounting to7 【B7 】（A）marked（B） indicated（C） labeled（D）symbolized8 【B8 】（A）services（B） sectors（C） departments（D）divisions9 【B9 】（A）item（B） property（C） commodity（D）article10 【B10 】（A）stages（B） processes（C） steps（
9、D）procedures11 【B11 】（A）collided（B） complied（C） compared（D）connected12 【B12 】（A）movement（B） move（C） development（D）motion13 【B13 】（A）statements（B） claims（C） assumptions（D）conclusions14 【B14 】（A）realizing（B） characterizing（C） organizing（D）recognizing15 【B15 】（A）explicit（B） notable（C） implicit（D）sugges
10、tive16 【B16 】（A）emerged（B） appeared（C） loomed（D）arisen17 【B17 】（A）continuing（B） increasing（C） growing（D）continuous18 【B18 】（A）that（B） which（C） when（D）where19 【B19 】（A）by（B） with（C） in（D）upon20 【B20 】（A）substance（B） subsequence（C） sequence（D）consequencePart ADirections: Read the following four texts.
11、 Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Democrats on the Senate Judiciary Committee gave vent to their fury over high gasoline prices at executives of the nations five largest oil companies on Wednesday, grilling the oilmen over their multimillion-dollar pay pac
12、kages and warning them that Congress was intent on taking action that could include a new tax on so-called windfall profits. Such showdowns between lawmakers and oilmen have become a familiar routine on Capitol Hill. But with gas prices nearing ￥4 a gallon, and lawmakers headed home for a weeklong M
13、emorial Day recess where they expect to get an earful from angry constituents, there is added urgency for Congress to appear active.But while momentum is building for several measures, which includes a bill that would allow the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries to be sued in American
14、 courts under antitrust laws, there is little sign that any of the proposals would do much, if anything, to lower prices quickly. And the oil executives warned that government intervention might only make things worse. Instead, they called on Congress to allow more drilling and exploration for domes
15、tic oil.The increasing urgency to seem aggressive about gasoline prices was apparent on Tuesday when the House voted by an overwhelming 324 to 84 to approve the bill, commonly referred to as NOPEC, which classifies OPEC as a monopoly in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. Senate Democrats have i
16、ncluded that measure as part of a package of legislation intended to address the high price of gasoline, along with the tax on windfall profits and a measure to tamp down speculation in the oil futures market that many lawmakers think is contributing to the run-up in prices.At the Judiciary Committe
17、e hearing, Democratic senators struggled to have the executives explain how oil prices had risen so high. The senators expressed doubt that basic laws of supply and demand were at work and suggested instead a more sinister combination of monopolistic behavior by oil-producing countries, speculation
18、in the futures markets and sheer corporate greed.On Monday, President Bush signed a bill temporarily suspending the purchase of crude oil for the nations Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Mr. Bush had initially opposed such action but relented after the House and Senate approved the bill by wide margins.
19、 Senator Richard J. Durbin, Democrat of Illinois and a strong supporter of Senator Barack Obamas presidential bid, made a particularly pointed attack, in which he seemed to warn the oil executives that they would soon no longer have such a good friend in the White House. He also adviced that Mr. Bus
20、h should be doing more to press the oil companies to help lower prices at the pump, while acknowledging that it would be difficult to pass a windfall profits tax while Mr. Bush was still in office.21 Senate Democrats got angry with the oilmen because（A）they get tax-free pay packages.（B） Congress was
21、 intent on taking action.（C） the showdowns have merely become a routine.（D）oil prices had risen so high.22 From the text we can know that the bill which allows OPEC to be sued under antitrust laws（A）hinders more drilling and exploration for domestic oil.（B） is a kind of government intervention that
22、only makes things worse.（C） is proved to be less influential to decrease oil price rapidly.（D）is in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act.23 The approval of the bill, NOPEC, on Tuesday implies that（A）it is necessary to levy tax on windfall profits.（B） it is in urgent need to fight against monopoly.
23、（C） it is pressing to think much of the ever-increasing oil prices.（D）it is essential to resort to NOPEC.24 According to Democratic senators, which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to soaring oil prices?（A）the basic supply and demands law.（B） the oil-producing countries monopoly.（C）
24、 speculation in the oil futures markets.（D）oil companies salivating over profits.25 What can we infer from the last paragraph?（A）President Bush used to be reluctant to lower the oil price.（B） Democrats argue that greedy oil companies are the key factor of jumping oil price.（C） The nations Strategic
25、Petroleum Reserve is more than adequate.（D）The federal law bans the windfall profits tax in Bush Government.25 Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research which showed that senior women professors in the institutes school of
26、 science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has cropped up elsewhere. One study conducted in Sweden, of all placesshowed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men in orde
27、r to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia s school of
28、economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this years meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science,
29、engineering and technology is around 1,500 a year.That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of mens and womens lives mean the gap is caused by something else: women taking “career breaks“ to have children, for example, and thus rising
30、more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over 4,000 a year more than female ones.To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how mu
31、ch of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in p
32、ay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.Besides pay, her study also looked at the “glass-ceiling“ effectnamely that at all stages of a womans career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted tha
33、n women are, by a factor of between 1. 04 and 2. 45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotio
34、n. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Different from the previous studies, Dr. Connollys compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider g
35、ap between their pay and that of their male counterparts , than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. In other words, private enterprise delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.26 The phrase “crop up“ in the first parag
36、raph most probably means（A）thrive.（B） plant.（C） elevate.（D）happen.27 Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connollys study?（A）Pay discrimination between male and female scientists.（B） Fewer research resources for women scientists.（C） The super qualities possessed by male scientists.（D）The
37、 role of analyzing the results of a survey.28 According to the text, the author places interpretation on（A）a humor.（B） a adage（C） a term.（D）a motto.29 In contrast to Dr. Connollys study, the previous ones failed to（A）compare the pay between male and female scientists.（B） make a comparison between th
38、e experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universities.（C） contrast the degree of efforts between male and female scientists in their endeavors.（D）make the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equality.30 Which of followings could be the best titl
39、e for the text?（A）Avoid the discrimination.（B） Free to Flutter.（C） The Hardest Move.（D）Mind the Gap.30 Latin Americaa place long associated with financial disasterhas remained improbably calm, while the ripples of Americas subprime-mortgage crisis have spread all over the place. Banks have reported
40、no unpleasant surprises. Brazil and Peru have been blessed with coveted investment-grade ratings. Surprisingly, perhaps the fleetest country of all has been Argentina. Since it emerged from the financial crisis of 2001-02, it has been one of the worlds fastest-growing economies. It is expected to ex
41、pand faster than most of its neighbors again this year. HHow has such a perennial economic miscreant proven so resilient to the credit crunchQuite simply, it barely has no credit. Back when its economy virtually collapsed, the country suffered a run on its banks, followed by a freeze on withdrawals,
42、 and a massive currency devaluation. As a result, bank lending to the private sector shrivelled, from 23. 8% of GDP in 2000 to 10. 8% in 2003. Since then, it has rebounded to a piddling 13%: by contrast, the ratio in Brazil was 36. 5% in 2006.Almost all of these loans in Argentina are accessible onl
43、y on a short-term basis.Once its recovery began in June 2002, Argentina became a paradise for business. Unemployment of over 20% kept wages down, and the devaluation gave exporters an edge on foreign competitors. The ample productive capacity left idle by the crisis meant firms could expand without
44、making big investments. And the windfall profits reaped by agricultural exporters, thanks to record commodities prices, enabled many of them to finance new projects out of earnings. Hence the economy could grow at almost 9% a year with little need for credit.But such a fortuitous confluence of facto
45、rs could not last. Starting in early 2005, inflation picked up, a sign that the installed capacity was starting to limit output. Salaries and prices for raw materials increased sharply, cutting into profits. And farmers were particularly hard hit when the government nearly doubled the taxes it leave
46、s on farm exports. Now, just as companies need to embark on big investments if they are to keep growing, their margins are no longer big enough to pay for the expansion and they need to borrow.So, the time is ripe for the countrys financial system to recover. But a number of things are in the way. F
47、oremost is Argentinas business risk. Those in the informal economy(which represents over 40% of GDP)can neither save nor borrow legally, lest they become known to the taxmen. The rest remain cowed by memories of the crisis. Although Argentines have poured their savings into property, fuelling a cons
48、truction boom, they still hold about four-fifths of their deposits abroad.Inflation, fuelled by a public-spending binge, state-mandated wage increases, and a cheap currency, is not helping either. No one knows how high it is. The consumer-price index is doctored to keep the official rate below 10% ,
49、 but private estimates suggest it is near 25%. Without a reliable index of inflation, lending is all but impossible, even for the medium term. And the central bank has kept interest rates strongly negative in real terms, encouraging workers to spend their wages rather than to save.31 What can we infer from the first paragraph?（A）Americas subprime-mortgage crisis has greatly influenced Latin America.（B） Latin America is suffering a financial disaster（C） At the
