1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 176 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Maybe youre ready to make some New Years resolutions, but youre not optimistic that this year is going to be any different. Many people believe that it
2、takes willpower to achieve such goals. “I resolve to eat less food“ sounds good in theory, but its often hard to sustain. And if you believe that its all willpower, then youre likely to be upset with yourself if you dont succeed.Willpower alone is not sustainable. Pleasure is. Deprivation is not sus
3、tainable. Abundance is. Pain is not sustainable. Ecstasy is. Fear of dying is not sustainable. Joy of living is. If we view changing our diet and lifestyle as deprivation and sacrifice, well, forget about it. You might be able to force yourself to make some changes for a limited period of time, but
4、long-term success will elude you.The language of behavioral modification often has a moralistic quality to it that turns off a lot of people. Its a small step from thinking of foods as “good“ or “bad“ to seeing yourself as a “good person“ or a “bad person“ if you eat themgluttony is one of the seven
5、 deadly sins. For example, once you feel that youre a bad person for eating some ice cream, its all too easy to say, “Well, I blew it, so I might as well finish the entire pint. “ In reality, although we often project moral qualities onto it, food is just food.Also, the term “compliance“ has a creep
6、y, fascist quality to it, one person manipulating or bending another person to his or her will. In the short run I may be able to pressure you into changing your diet, but sooner or later, some part of you will rebel. The same is often true if we try to use willpower to pressure ourselves into chang
7、ing what we eat and how we livewe may rebel against ourselves.Instead, if we understand that what we gain is so much more than what we give up, then it doesnt feel like a sacrifice. We can see lifestyle choices as an opportunity to transform our lives in ways that make us feel more joyful. If its fu
8、n, then its sustainable. What matters most is your overall way of eating and living. Studies have shown that those who eat the healthiest overall are the ones who allow themselves some indulgences.1 According to the passage, “elude“(Line 5, Paragraph 2)probably means（A）desert.（B） reach.（C） escape.（D
9、）leave.2 By saying “food is just food“ the author means that（A）food in theory is what we eat.（B） food should not be morally labeled.（C） we ought not to let food determine our mood.（D）food is not sustainable.3 Which of the following statements about willpower is true?（A）Willpower is unlikely to bring
10、 you some irritations.（B） Moral label sometimes improves your willpower.（C） Willpower alone determines whether one can achieve his goals.（D）Compliance is touched with force and aggressiveness.4 Which of the following serves as the best title of the text?（A）The Power of Willpower（B） How to Strengthen
11、 Your Willpower（C） WillpowerA Virtue or Not（D）Willpower Building5 The purpose of the author in writing this text is that（A）willpower always betrays us; attitude matters.（B） gluttony is considered to be the root of all evils.（C） New Years Resolution is anything but a routine.（D）willpower itself is a
12、kind of sacrifice which needs praising.5 It is predicted that there will be four scientific breakthroughs in the 21st century.Well know where we came from. Why does the universe exist? To put it another way, why is there something instead of nothing? Since the 1920s, scientists have known the univer
13、se is expanding, which means it must have started at a definite time in the past. They even have developed theories that give a detailed picture of the evolution of the universe from the time it was a fraction of a second old to the present. Over the next couple of decades, these theories will be re
14、fined by data from extraordinary powerful new telescope.Well crack the genetic code and conquer cancer. In 19th century operas, when the heroine coughs in the first act, the audience knows she will die of tuberculosis in Act 3. But thanks to 20th-century antibiotics, the once-dreaded, once-incurable
15、 disease now can mean nothing more serious than taking some pills. As scientists learn more about the genetic code and the way cells work at the molecular level, many serious diseasescancer, for onewill become less threatening. Using manufactured “therapeutic“ viruses, doctors will be able to replac
16、e cancer-causing damaged DNA with healthy genes, probably administered by a pill or injection.Well live longer(120 years?). If the normal aging process is basically a furious, invisible contest in our cellsa contest between damage to our DNA and our cells ability to repair that damagethen 21st-centu
17、ry strides in genetic medicine may let us control and even reverse the process. But before we push scientists to do more, consider: Do we really want to live in a world where no one grows old and few children are born because the planet can hold only so many people? Where would new ideas come from?
18、What would we do with all that extra time?Well have a brain road map. This is the real final frontier of the 21st century: The brain is the most complex system we know. It contains about 100 billion neurons, each connected to as many as 1,000 others. In the 21st century, we will use advanced forms o
19、f magnetic resonance imaging to produce detailed maps of the neurons in operation. Well be able to say with certainty which ones are working when you read a word, when you say a word, when you think about a word, and so on.6 From the second paragraph, we learn that the theory about the universe star
20、ting at a definite time is based on the evidence that（A）there is something instead of nothing in the universe.（B） the evolution of the universe can be pictured in detail.（C） the universe is enlarging.（D）the data from new telescope refine the theories.7 It can be inferred that cracking the genetic co
21、de and conquering cancer are related because（A）the latter can be achieved based on the knowledge of the former.（B） the latter can prove the existence of the former.（C） the former reverses the process of the latter.（D）the former generates the therapeutic viruses for the latter.8 According to the pass
22、age, the aging process is a struggle between（A）destruction and repair.（B） damage and control.（C） control and reverse.（D）repair and reverse.9 Which of the following is true about brain road map according to the text?（A）It can be achieved before the other three breakthroughs can be made.（B） It will be
23、 complicated due to the large number of neurons and their connection.（C） Genetic medicine can help to produce detailed maps of neurons in operation.（D）It can enable us to know the structure of the brain when we conduct an act.10 The best title for the text may be（A）We Can Live Longer in the 21st Cen
24、tury.（B） Cancer Can Be Conquered Soon.（C） The Final Frontier of the 21st Century.（D）Scientific Breakthroughs of the 21st Century.10 Human beings do not like to think of themselves as animals. It is thus with decidedly mixed feelings that we regard the frequent reports that activities once thought to
25、 be uniquely human are also performed by other species: chimpanzees who make and use tools, parrots who use language, ants who teach. Is there anything left?You might think that human beings at least enjoy the advantage of being more generally intelligent. To test this idea, my colleagues and I rece
26、ntly administered an array of cognitive teststhe equivalent of nonverbal I. Q. teststo adult chimpanzees and orangutans and to 2-year-old human children. As it turned out, the children were not more skillful overall. They performed about the same as the apes on the tests that measured how well they
27、understood the physical world of space, quantities and causality. The children performed better only on tests that measured social skills: social learning, communicating and reading the intentions of others.But such social gifts make all the difference. Imagine a child born alone on a desert island
28、and somehow magically kept alive. What would this childs cognitive skills look like as an adultwith no one to teach her, no one to imitate, no pre-existing tools, no spoken or written language? She would certainly possess basic skills for dealing with the physical world, but they would not be partic
29、ularly impressive. She would not invent for herself English, or Arabic numerals, or metal knives, or money. These are the products of collective cognition; they were created by human beings, in effect, putting their heads together.Another subtle but crucial difference can be seen in communication. T
30、he great apes chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas and orangutanscommunicate almost exclusively for the purpose of getting others to do what they want. Human infants, in addition, gesture and talk in order to share information with othersthey want to be helpful. They also share their emotions and attitude
31、s freelyas when an infant points to a passing bird for its mother and squeals with glee. This unprompted sharing of information and attitudes can be seen as a forerunner of adult gossip, which ensures that members of a group can pool their knowledge and know who is or is not behaving cooperatively.
32、The free sharing of information also creates the possibility of pedagogyin which adults impart information by telling and showing, and children trust and use this information with confidence. Our nearest primate relatives do not teach and learn in this manner.11 The author and his colleagues cogniti
33、ve tests proved that（A）the children were more skillful in all aspects.（B） the children were not the same as the apes in dealing with the material world.（C） the children performed better only in social skills.（D）the apes were better in the physical world.12 Which of the following is not true accordin
34、g to the text?（A）Human beings couldnt create numerals, tools and language alone.（B） Animals could conduct activities once thought to be uniquely human in some way.（C） Adults convey information to children by telling and showing.（D）Gorillas communicate in order to get others to do what they want.13 T
35、he phrase “putting their heads together“(Lines 7-8, Paragraph 3)means（A）making efforts collectively.（B） always getting together.（C） thinking in the same way.（D）chatting together.14 The author cited the story about the child born alone on a desert island to exemplify（A）social skills distinguish child
36、ren from apes.（B） she has basic skills to deal with the material world.（C） language was created by human beings collectively.（D）human beings can live alone without social interaction.15 The last paragraph can be best summarized by（A）different aims of communication making apes and children different.
37、（B） the origin of teaching among human beings.（C） the importance of different communication aims for children and apes.（D）the formation of adult gossip.15 One hundred years ago, people became famous for what they had achieved. Men like J. P. Morgan, E. H. Harriman and Jay Gould were all notable achi
38、evers. Their accomplishments are still evident in our own day. Todays celebrities, however, often do not become known for any enduring achievement. The people we most admire today are usually those who are most highly publicized by the media. In 1981, a Gallup poll revealed that Nancy Reagan was the
39、 nations “most admired woman“. The year before, that distinction went to President Carters wife, Rosalynn. In fact, the wife of the current president is always one of the nations most admired women. Todays celebrities, as the writer Daniel Boorstin says, are “people well-known for their well-knownne
40、ss. “ To become such a celebrity, one needs luck, not accomplishment. As Boorstin says, “The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment; the celebrity by his image or trademark. The hero created himself; the celebrity is created by the media. The hero was a big man; the celebrity is a big name. “T
41、here is another distinction: heroes inspire respect; celebrities inspire envy. Few of us believe we could be another Jonas Salk or Eleanor Roosevelt, but we could be another TV star like Telly Savalas or Suzanne Somers. Except for the attention they get from the media, these people are exactly like
42、us.Today an appearance on a television talk show is the ultimate proof of “making it“ in America. Actually, the term “talk show“ is misleading. Celebrities do not appear on such a program because of an actual desireor abilityto talk, but simply to gain recognition, and prove, merely by showing up, t
43、hat they are “somebody. “ Being a guest on a talk show does not require qualities of wit, eloquence, brilliance, insight, or intelligence. Most hosts are grateful just to get someone who will fill the room with sound. One talk show coordinator comments, “We look for the guest who is sure to talk no
44、matter what. Ten seconds of silence appears very awkward on television; thirty seconds is disastrous. A guest whos got to stop to think about everything he says before he opens his mouth is a ratings nightmare. “ This kind of attitude rewards smooth, insincere talk, and makes hesitancy look like stu
45、pidity. “We wouldnt have used George Washington on our show,“ says one talent coordinator. “He might have been first in the hearts of his countrymen, but today hed be dragging his bottom in the ratings. “16 According to the passage, todays celebrities are those who（A）are notable thanks to the public
46、ity of the media.（B） are distinguished by enduring contributions.（C） have big name for what they had achieved.（D）are well-known because of the company image they present.17 The author uses the result of Gallup poll to argue that（A）the first ladies in America are respected by the whole nation.（B） Ros
47、alynn is not as good as Nancy Reagan in the 1980s.（C） Gallup poll is an effective organization to collect public opinions.（D）todays famous people are created for their well-knowness.18 Celebrities inspire envy because（A）they get attention from the media rather than the heroes.（B） common people belie
48、ve that their position can be obtained.（C） they should not be respected for their achievements.（D）they are just TV stars like Telly or Suzanne.19 It can be inferred from the passage that George Washington was probably the person who（A）was welcomed by the talk show coordinator.（B） could attract more
49、audience because he was in the hearts of his countrymen.（C） was cautious of his words and could not fill the room with sounds.（D）had the qualities of wit, eloquence, brilliance, and insight.20 The best title of this text may be（A）The Role of Media in Creating Celebrities.（B） Heroes and Celebrities.（C） Talk Show and Celebrities.（D）Celebrities and Recognition.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 176 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 根据本文内容，第二段第五
