1、考研英语-试卷 176 及答案解析(总分：142.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：2，分数：80.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_The population of the United States is only 6% the world“s population, but Americans
2、(1)_ one third of all the energy (2)_ in the world. This fact alone says that Americans need to use less energy. And because the price of energy had been rising very rapidly (3)_ the limited supplies of oil in particular, Americans are becoming aware to the need to (4)_ energy. In California we have
3、 a California Energy Commission which has set up in the past five years to (5)_ plan for our future energy rise. We have (6)_ laws in California to help us conserve energy. First of all, our houses in California have been very (7)_ of energy in the past. They were not (8)_ very carefully and so the
4、heat would go out of the house very rapidly. Now we require that the homes have a (9)_ level of insulation, and so the homes built now are much more (10)_. (11)_, in transportation (12)_ a large percentage of oil energy is used, we need to develop more public transportation. In China, of course, you
5、 have a very good public-transportation system. And it is a(n) (13)_ for the kind of thing we need to develop more in the United States. Automobiles are also becoming more (14)_ The smaller automobile with efficient engine can help to conserve a large amount of energy along with planning our (15)_ m
6、ore carefully. Many different studies have shown that we could (16)_ our energy consumption by (17)_ half or two thirds and still have the (18)_ quality of life. And many different types of technologies are currently being researched as to (19)_ they can be built to use (20)_ energy and still supply
7、 the same service.（分数：40.00）A.conserveB.consumeC.produceD.supplyA.preservesB.sourcesC.desertsD.reservesA.owing toB.resulting inC.in spite ofD.in the case ofA.consumeB.conserveC.exhaustD.retainA.generateB.helpC.conceiveD.originateA.stagedB.composedC.developedD.devisedA.frugalB.economicalC.wastefulD.s
8、avingA.insulatedB.insultedC.resultedD.separatedA.largestB.smallestC.maximumD.minimumA.effectiveB.sufficientC.efficientD.deficientA.HoweverB.AlsoC.ThereforeD.For exampleA.whyB.whereC.whoD.whichA.exampleB.responsibilityC.opportunityD.obligationA.fashionableB.luxuriousC.efficientD.effectiveA.transporta
9、tionB.travelC.energyD.automobilesA.condenseB.reduceC.crushD.swellA.at leastB.at mostC.at fullD.at lengthA.bottomB.sameC.meanD.adequateA.whereB.whyC.whenD.howA.adequateB.sufficientC.lessD.lacking二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：10，分数：58.00)2.Section II Reading Comprehension_3.Part ADirections: Read the fol
10、lowing four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D._This past academic year, 146 New York City kids from 4 to 14 dutifully attended Rosalyn Chao“s Mandarin class at St. Patrick“s Old Cathedral Academy. Many of the students were first-generation Americans; for several, M
11、andarin would be their third language, after English and Spanish. Get used to this picture; around the world, more adults and kids are learning Chinese. Beijing is pouring money into new Confucius Institutes (Chinese language and culture centers), and two U.S. senators recently proposed spending $1.
12、3 billion on Chinese-language programs over the next five years. From Ulan Bator to Chicago, it sometimes seems as if everyone is trying to learn the language now spoken by a fifth of the world“s population. Their reasoning is easy to understand. China is booming, and citizens around the globe want
13、a piece of the action. Speaking Mandarin can facilitate communication with newly wealthy Chinese tourists or smooth bilateral trade relations. In a form of intense cultural diplomacy, Beijing is also promoting its films, music, art and language as never before. Front and center are the Confucius Ins
14、titutes, modeled on the British Council, Germany“s Goethe Institutes or the Alliance Francaise. China“s Ministry of Education is sending thousands of language instructors to foreign programs and inviting foreign students from Asia, Africa and elsewhere to study in its universities. As a result, Beij
15、ing predicts that 100 million individuals will be studying Mandarin as a second language by the end of the decade. The U.S. Department of Education announced earlier this year that it hopes to have 5 percent of all elementary, secondary and college students enrolled in Mandarin studies by 2010. The
16、Chinese boom hasn“t escaped criticism, however. For one thing, the language is hard, with more than 2,500 characters generally employed in daily writing and a complex tonal speaking system. Then there“s the danger that other important languages, such as Russian or Japanese, will be neglected; for ex
17、ample, there are now 10 times more students learning Mandarin than Japanese in the United States. And other countries fear a growing encroachment(侵蚀) of Chinese power; some Africans have complained about Beijing“s “neocolonialist(新殖民主义)“ attitudes, for example, and this could breed resentment agains
18、t Confucius Institutes on their soil. Yet most Mandarin students, like those at St. Pat“s, aren“t letting such concerns dissuade them. Mandarin represents a new way of thinking. Chao says that“ we must begin preparing our students for the interconnected world“. Accordingly, she has encouraged her Ma
19、ndarin students to correspond with pen pals in Shanghai. Chao says that“ in reading the Chinese students“ letters, we learned quickly that American students are far behind their Asian counterparts“. If they hope to catch up to their Chinese competitors, her studentslike the growing legions of Mandar
20、in pupils around the globeare going to have to study hard indeed.（分数：10.00）(1).The phrase“ first-generation Americans“ (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.those who are American but whose parents are not.B.those who come to America as immigrants.C.those who are the youngest genera
21、tion in the family.D.those who were born in America.(2).More and more people in the world learn Mandarin mainly because _.（分数：2.00）A.they want to facilitate communication with Chinese tourists.B.they want to profit from the prosperous Chinese economy.C.the Chinese government is investing heavily to
22、promote Chinese.D.they can get financial support from their own governments.(3).It can be inferred from the text that the Alliance Francaise is _.（分数：2.00）A.the French council to promote culture.B.an institute of cultural diplomacy.C.modeled on Confucius Institute.D.a language teaching agency.(4).Ac
23、cording to the text, some people lay blame on Chinese boom in that _.（分数：2.00）A.chinese is difficult for its complex grammatical and tonal system.B.some countries fear that China will take their global market share.C.the position of other languages has been marginalized by Chinese.D.some countries f
24、ear to be politically and economically controlled by China.(5).The author wants to convey in the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.china is booming and everyone wants to participate in it.B.china is well on the way of promoting its culture and language.C.the development of China attracts more people
25、to study Chinese.D.today people must get prepared for the interconnected world.Animal studies are under way, human trial protocols are taking shape and drug makers are on alert. All the international health community needs now is a human vaccine for the bird flu pandemic sweeping a cluster of Asian
26、countries. The race for a vaccine began after the first human case emerged in Hong Kong in 1997. Backed by the World Health Organization (WHO), three research teams in the US and UK are trying to create a seed virus for a new vaccine. Their task is formidable, but researchers remain optimistic“. The
27、re are obstacles, but most of the obstacles have been treated sensibly“, says Richard Webby, a virologist at St. Jude Children“s Research Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee. The biggest challenge is likely to be the rapidly mutating virus. Candidate vaccines produced last year against the H5N1 virus are
28、 ineffective against this year“s strain. Scientists will have to constantly monitor the changes and try to tailor the vaccine as the virus mutates. They can“t wait to see which one comes next. The urgency stems from fears that H5N1 will combine with a human flu virus, creating a pathogen(病原体) that c
29、ould be transmitted from person to person. But if people have no immunity to the virus, the strain may not mutate as rapidly in people as it does in birds. To quickly generate the vaccine, researchers are using reverse genetics, which allows them to skip the long process of searching through reassor
30、ted viruses for the correct genetic combination. Instead, scientists clone sequences for hemagglutinin(红血球凝聚素) and neuraminidase(神经氨酸苷酶), the two key proteins in the virus. The sequences are then combined with human influenza genes to create a customized reference strain. Because products developed
31、with reverse genetics have never been tested in humans, the candidate vaccines will first have to clear regulatory review. In anticipation, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA) are both preparing pandemic response plans. Th
32、e EMEA has produced a fist-track licensing program, an industry task force and detailed guidance for potential applicants. In Europe, a reassortant influenza virusbut not the inactivated vaccineproduced by reverse genetics would be considered a genetically modified organism, and manufacturers would
33、need approval from their national or local safety authorities. The WHO has prepared a preliminary biosafety risk assessment of pilot-lot vaccine, which could help speed up the review. A preliminary version of their protocol calls for several hundred subjects, beginning with a group of young adults a
34、nd gradually expanding to include those most susceptible to the fluchildren and the elderly“. If we had product“, says Lambert“, it would probably be a couple of months at the earliest before we have early data in healthy adults“.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from Paragraph 2 that facing the tough task
35、 the researchers of WHO _.（分数：2.00）A.flinch from their work.B.hesitate and feel perplexed.C.carry on their research.D.abandon their research.(2).During the developing of the vaccine, the biggest problem may probably be _.（分数：2.00）A.the combination of bird flu virus with human flu virus.B.the virus m
36、utates in a short period.C.the vaccines are ineffective against the virus.D.the time is pressing for the scientists.(3).The vaccine generated by reverse genetics is required to review in that _.（分数：2.00）A.it has strong side effect to the elderly.B.it may turn ineffective in a short period.C.it is us
37、eless in preventing the virus.D.it hasn“t been tested in humans.(4).Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.there is already a case in which the virus is transmitted from person to person.B.american scientists take the pandemic more seriously than European ones.C.the effec
38、t of candidate vaccines can last more than one year.D.the manufacture of the vaccine must be authorized by safety authorities.(5).What is the author“s attitude towards the newly developed bird flu vaccine?（分数：2.00）A.Slightly approves of.B.Depicts neutrally.C.Slightly disapproves of.D.Completely reje
39、cts.People can get emotional about immigration. Bill O“Reilly, a talk-show host, devoted a recent segment to the story of an illegal alien who got drunk and accidentally killed two attractive white girls with his car. If only he had been deported for previous misdemeanours, Mr. O“Reilly raged, those
40、 girls would still be alive. Another talk-show host, Geraldo Rivera, during an on-air shout-joust(争吵) with Mr. O“ Reilly, denounced his demagogic choice of story-angle as“ a sin“. President George Bush tried again this week to bring a more rational tone to the debate. He urged the new Democratic Con
41、gress to revive the immigration reforms that the old Republican Congress killed last year. His proposal was broadly the same as before. He said he wanted to make it harder to enter America illegally, but easier to do so legally, and to offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegals who h
42、ave already snuck in. The first part faces few political hurdles and is already well under way. Mr. Bush expects to have doubled the number of Border Patrol agents by the end of next year. The new recruits are being trained. And to defend against the invading legions of would-be gardeners and hotel
43、cleaners, the frontier is also equipped with high-tech military gizmos(小发明), such as unmanned spy planes with infra-red(红外) cameras. This may be having some effect. Mr. Bush boasted that the number of people caught sneaking over the border had fallen by nearly 30% this year. And the controversial pa
44、rt of Mr. Bush“s immigration packageallowing more immigrants in and offering those already in America a chance to become legalis still just a plan. House Republicans squashed it last year. Mr. Bush senses a second chance with the new Democratic Congress, but Democrats, like Republicans, are split on
45、 the issue. Some, notably Ted Kennedy, think America should embrace hard-working migrants. Others fret that hard-working migrants will undercut the wages of the native-born. Mr. Bush would like to see the pro-immigrant wings of both parties work together to give him a bill he can sign. The Senate is
46、 expected to squeeze in a debate next month. The administration is trying to entice law-and-order Republicans on board; a recent leaked memo talked of substantial fines for illegals before they can become legal and“ much bigger“ fines for employers who hire them before they do. The biggest hurdle, h
47、owever, may be the Democrats“ reluctance to co-operate with Mr. Bush. Some figure that, rather than letting their hated adversary share the credit for fixing the immigration system, they should stall until a Democrat is in the White House and then take it all. So there is a selfish as well as a mora
48、l argument for making a deal.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “misdemeanours“ (Line 3, Paragraph 1) can be replaced by _.（分数：2.00）A.severe crimes.B.homicide.C.misbehaviors.D.nonsense doings.(2).Which of the following is proposed by Mr. Bush?（分数：2.00）A.Making it harder for immigrants to enter America both legally and illegally.B.Carrying out substantial fine for illegals before they can become legal.C.Setting up more Border Patrol agents by the end of this year.D.Allowing more immigrants in and offering the
