1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 3 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century.【C1】_in the 1900s most American to
2、wns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was【C2】_on both sides with many【C3 】_businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. 【C4】_, some shops offered【C5 】 _. These shops
3、 included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.【C6 】_in the 1950s, a change began to【C7】_. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street【C8】_too few parking places were【C9】_shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest
4、at the open spaces【C10】_the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed. And open space is what they got【C11 】_the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls, 【C12 】_as a collection of small new stores【C13】_crowded city centers. 【C14 】_by hundreds of fr
5、ee parking space, customers were drawn away from【C15】_areas to outlying malls.And the growing【C16】 _of shopping centers led【C17】_to the building of bigger and better stocked stores; 【C18】_the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing
6、the【C19 】_of one stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, 【C20】_benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.1 【C1 】（A）As early as（B） Early（C） Early as（D）Earlier2 【C2 】（A）built（B） designed（C） intended（D）lined3 【C3 】（A）varied（B） various（C） sorted（D）mixed up4 【C4 】（A）Apart from（B）
7、 However（C） In addition（D）As well5 【C5 】（A）medical care（B） food（C） cosmetics（D）services6 【C6 】（A）Suddenly（B） Abruptly（C） Contrarily（D）But7 【C7 】（A）be taking place（B） take place（C） be taken place（D）have taken place8 【C8 】（A）while（B） yet（C） though（D）and then9 【C9 】（A）available for（B） available to（C） u
8、sed by（D）ready for10 【C10 】（A）over（B） from（C） out of（D）outside11 【C11 】（A）when（B） while（C） since（D）then12 【C12 】（A）started（B） founded（C） set up（D）organized13 【C13 】（A）out of（B） away from（C） next to（D）near14 【C14 】（A）Attracted（B） Surprised（C） Delighted（D）Enjoyed15 【C15 】（A）inner（B） central（C） shoppin
9、g（D）downtown16 【C16 】（A）distinction（B） fame（C） popularity（D）liking17 【C17 】（A）on（B） in turn（C） by turns（D）further18 【C18 】（A）By（B） During（C） In（D）Towards19 【C19 】（A）cheapness（B） readiness（C） convenience（D）handiness20 【C20 】（A）because of（B） and（C） with（D）providedPart ADirections: Read the following f
10、our texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 A simple definition for a social network is the circles of people you know. There are circles of your close friends, others include your family, and yet others are of your acquaintances from church, your job, or
11、community life. The Internet offers yet another opportunity for developing a social network with people who share something in common with you but whose paths you wouldnt have necessarily crossed because they reside in other states or countries.Social networking on the Internet took off in popularit
12、y several years ago. Now there are over 200 sites where you can make new friends, find a date, exchange photos or make new business connections. At MySpace you can create a private community to share photos and interests with your network of friends or family members. Its become very popular with th
13、e high school and college-aged set, but the number of older adults participating on MySpace is growing rapidly. Linkedln is a good example of a business networking site where your profile is more like a resume with a focus on work experience and skill sets such as engineering or marketing.Although m
14、any of these social networking sites allow you to add pictures and personal information to attract new friends, its very important that you remember to stay safe on the Internet. Like any other public place, you need to be protective of your personal information when youre visiting sites on the Inte
15、rnet, and there are some bits of personal data that you should not share or have easily accessible on a social website. The obvious information not to publicly reveal is your actual address and phone number. In many cases you may not even want to provide your email address. Its not wise to fill in a
16、ny form with your exact birthday, the true city where you were born or your mothers family name. There are all the types of information used by banks and credit card companies to verify your identify. A clever thief will troll social sites gathering this sort of information in order to steal an iden
17、tity. So, be mindful when you join a social networking site that not everyone who contacts you is a trustworthy individual.If youre interested in giving social networking a try, browse a site you want to join as a “guest“ for a while or ask some of your friends what sites they belong to. Fill out on
18、ly the minimal profile information when you first join. You can always add more data later when youve become comfortable with the social interaction you have on that site. Also remember to remove information from your profile when you leave a site to which you dont intend to return.21 What is the pa
19、ssage mainly talking about?（A）Social networking provides a more convenient way to communicate with people online.（B） Human beings are spending more time talking online than in real life.（C） Social networking let people communicate with friends online perfectly.（D）People are trying to find a better a
20、nd secure way to communicate through Internet.22 Via social networking, we can_.（A）find some useful information about our society（B） ask others to help us with our businesses（C） make friends, business connections or find appointments（D）get private information about others23 Whats the major function
21、of Linkedln?（A）It provides a platform to exchange fantastic photos and some rare information.（B） It supplies some personal information related with experience and craftsmanship.（C） It offers various ways to show yourself to your friends.（D）It gives students an opportunity to share common interests.2
22、4 What should you do to protect yourself on Internet?（A）change your personal information as much as possible.（B） not reveal any of your interests and photos.（C） conceal your real personal information.（D）not provide your personal address and phone number.25 “minimal profile information“ in the last p
23、aragraph means_.（A）filling out as much information as possible（B） filling out as less information as possible（C） filling out some private information（D）filling out the information up to the lowest acceptable level25 Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to
24、supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $ 26 a barrel, up from less than $ 10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of
25、 gloom and doom this time?The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic
26、consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a m
27、ore muted effect on pump prices than in the past.Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumpt
28、ion. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $ 22 a barrel for a full
29、 year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0. 25%0. 5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economiesto which heavy industry has shiftedhave become more energy-inte
30、nsive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just e
31、merging from economic decline. The Economists commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.26 The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is_.（A）global inflation（B） reduction in supply（C） fast growth in economy（D）
32、Iraq s suspension of exports27 It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if_.（A）price of crude rises（B） commodity prices rise（C） consumption rises（D）oil taxes rise28 The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries_.（A）heavy industry become
33、s more energy-intensive（B） income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices（C） manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed（D）oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP29 We can draw a conclusion from the text that_.（A）oil-price shocks are less shocking now（B） inflation se
34、ems irrelevant to oil-price shocks（C） energy conservation can keep down the oil prices（D）the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry30 From the text we can see that the writer seems_.（A）optimistic（B） sensitive（C） gloomy（D）scared30 Investment in the public sector, such as electri
35、city, irrigation, public services and transport (excluding vehicles, ships and planes) increased by about 10%, although the emphasis moved to the transport and away from the other sectors mentioned. Trade and services recorded a l6%17% investment growth, including a 30% increase in investment in bus
36、iness premises. Industrial investment is estimated to have risen by 8%. Although the share of agriculture in total gross investment in the economy continued to decline, investment grew by 9% in absolute equipment. Housing construction had 12% more invested in it in 1964, not so much owing to increas
37、ed demand, as to fears of new taxes and limitation of building.Total consumption in real terms rose by close on 11% during 1964, and per capita personal consumption by under 7%, as in 1963. The undesirable trend towards a rapid rise in consumption, evident in previous years, remained unaltered. Sinc
38、e at current prices consumption rose by 16% and disposable income by 13%, there was evidently a fall in the rate of saving in the private sector of the economy. Once again consumption patterns indicated a swift advance in the standard of living. Expenditure on food declined in significance, although
39、 consumption of fruit increased. Spending on furniture and household equipment, health, education and recreation continued to increase. The greatest proof of altered living standards was the rapid expansion of expenditure on transport (including private cars) and personal services of all kinds, whic
40、h occurred during 1964. The progressive wealth of large sectors of the public was demonstrated by the changing composition of durable goods purchased. Saturation (饱和) point was rapidly being approached for items such as the first household radio, gas cookers, and electric refrigerators, whereas incr
41、easing purchases of automobiles and television sets were registered.31 From this passage, we learn that people_.（A）spent more money than they earned（B） saved more money than previously（C） invested and consumed at an accelerated pace（D）spent their money wisely32 The author thinks that the trend towar
42、ds a rapid rise in consumption was “undesirable“ because_.（A）expenditure on luxuries increased（B） people were wealthy（C） people consumed less（D）people saved less33 Expenditure increased on all the following EXCEPT_.（A）food（B） automobiles（C） education（D）entertainment34 It can be inferred from the inc
43、rease of fruit consumption that_.（A）people had to spend more on transportation and furniture（B） the price of fruit dropped dramatically（C） people were more money conscious（D）people were more healthy conscious35 The word “registered“ in the last line most probably means_.（A）marked（B） approached（C） li
44、sted（D）booked35 Hows this for unintended consequences? Some of the biggest beneficiaries(受惠者)of the womens movement have been married men. According to a new study by the Pew Research Center, married men have a 60% higher average household income than they did in 1970, even adjusted for inflation. U
45、nmarried men, on the other hand, only got a 16% bump.One reason for the rise is that more men are marrying women who make more money than they do, mainly because there are more high-income women to go around. In 1970, just 4% of men at the age of 30 to 44 had wives who brought in more money than the
46、y did. By 2007, more than a fifth of men in that age range had wives who out-earned them. Members of this thriving demographic(人口统计学的)are effectively doubling their income or more when they wed, without doubling their costs.Aside from the increase in white-collar women, the other trend summed up by
47、the Pew Research Center is that marriage rates have declined most sharply among the least educated men and women, which helps explain why the average household income figures for married men have pulled even further ahead of those for their single counterparts. More of the least rich are unmarried t
48、han before.The study, which drew on household income data from the Decennial Census and the 2007 American Community Survey, showed that the biggest gainers were married college-educated men. The biggest losers were unmarried men who did not complete high school or who only had a high school diploma.
49、 After adjusting for inflation, the 2007 unmarried low-income men and women had lower household incomes than their 1970 counterparts. “The steeper decline in marriage among the less educated has contributed to a steeper decline in their income,“ says one of the studys authors, DVera Cohn.The trend has a dark side, says Dalton Conley, social sciences dean at New York University. “High-income women marrying
