1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 66 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Soft-drink sales have been declining for nine straight years. This is much more than a trend it s a fundamental shift in consumer t
2、astes that【C1】_a major problem for soda makers, no matter how【C2 】_their product combination might be.The latest numbers are astonishing, but not surprising. Sales of soda fell 3%【C3】_volume in 2013, to the lowest levels since 1995,【C4】_to a report from Beverage Digest issued on Monday. That would b
3、e a big【C5】_no matter what, and its more than double 2012 s decline. People are moving away from soda at a(n) 【C6】_rate.At this point, companies like Coca-Cola and Pepsico must be【C7】_not on what theyre doing to save their flagship brands, but on how well theyre【C8 】_those brands decline. Of course
4、thats not easy for companies that are named for those very brands, so theyre still crazily trying to【C9】_how to at least stop the losses, even as they wisely continue to invest in【C10】_like energy drinks, sports drinks, and flavored water.Pepsico took measures such as trying a new bottle design and
5、signing with Beyonce,【C11】_sales have continued to decrease.And the hoped-for savior of the businessdiet drinks with【C12 】_sweetenersare no help. Up until a few years ago, sales of diet sodas were falling at about the same rate as the sugar-filled ones. Now theyre actually falling fester【C13】_consum
6、ers continue to hear about health【C14 】_. Just yesterday, a study was released indicating that consumption of diet soda can【C15】_the risk of cardiovascular disease in older women.But health concerns are not the only problem. If they were, it would seem【C16 】_that energy drinks, sports beverages, cof
7、fee-based beverages, and flavored waters would be taking up the slack. But they are. That s a further【C17】_that what s doing soda in is the increase of【C18】_in the beverage aisle, especially those【C19】_at young people, a growing number of whom think of Coke, Dr. Pepper, Sprite, and PepsiBeyonce notw
8、ithstanding【C20 】_the stuff their grandparents drank in the old days.1 【C1 】（A）makes（B） poses（C） puts（D）offers2 【C2 】（A）diversified（B） expensive（C） strange（D）different3 【C3 】（A）of（B） at（C） by（D）on4 【C4 】（A）relating（B） regarding（C） resulting（D）according5 【C5 】（A）loss（B） drop（C） change（D）rise6 【C6 】（A
9、）earlier（B） steady（C） accelerating（D）hurried7 【C7 】（A）looked（B） divided（C） known（D）judged8 【C8 】（A）dealing（B） managing（C） coping（D）doing9 【C9 】（A）think out（B） come out（C） figure out（D）put out10 【C10 】（A）alternatives（B） combinations（C） products（D）beverages11 【C11 】（A）and（B） but（C） so（D）even12 【C12 】（
10、A）manual（B） human（C） artificial（D）false13 【C13 】（A）while（B） but（C） if（D）as14 【C14 】（A）concerns（B） conditions（C） problems（D）risks15 【C15 】（A）reduce（B） increase（C） change（D）vary16 【C16 】（A）unlikely（B） probable（C） surprising（D）actual17 【C17 】（A）evidence（B） reference（C） indication（D）intention18 【C18 】（A
11、）designs（B） styles（C） odors（D）choices19 【C19 】（A）targeted（B） aimed（C） guided（D）oriented20 【C20 】（A）for（B） by（C） as（D）toPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 McDonalds, the burger behemoth announced a 5.2% drop in
12、 profits for the first three months of 2014 and a 1.7% decrease in same store sales in the U.S President and CEO Don Thompson emphasized that McDonalds would be focusing on its core products, like its Big Mac, Egg McMuffin, and its famous french fries.Thompson s back-to-basics vow comes in response
13、to the sort of menu creep the chain experienced in 2013, when it rolled out a seemingly endless stream of limited time offers. After all, those special promotions and innovations didnt do much good. Same-store sales slipped by 0.2% in the U.S. last year, and chief operating officer Tim Fenton admitt
14、ed that the fast-food chain “stumbled a bit, in 2013, with too many new products, too fast and we created a lot of complexity.“Thompson said that McDonald s “core products are familiar favorites for our customers. They truly represent McDonalds to all of our customers, and at about 40% of total sale
15、s, they are an incredible business asset for us that requires a constant publicity and promotion.“When McDonalds first got off the ground in the 1940s, it had a nine-item menu made up of hamburger, cheeseburger, soft drinks, milk, coffee, potato chips, and a slice of pie. It built its iconic reputat
16、ion on guaranteeing that these food and beverage items would have the same great taste no matter the McDonald s location at which they were served.But as time goes on, too much menu diversification, which McDonald s has suffered from of late, leads to longer customer wait times in an industry built
17、on speed. “What McDonald s workers do inside those four walls is really impressive. Everyone has their time and place, and their entire job is done in two or three steps,“ says Howard Penney, managing director at Hedgeye Risk Management. Adding more processes that come with a bigger menu, specifical
18、ly the smoothie and espresso machines, has disrupted McDonald s restaurants time and motion. It takes a lot longer to make a smoothie than it does to pour a fountain Coke. “Everything theyve done to become all things to all people has slowed service,“ Penney says. All in all, going back to its roots
19、 could be just what McDonald s needs.21 Why Don Thompson emphasized McDonald s would be focusing on its core products?（A）New products taste awful and weird.（B） Core products are kept quality easily.（C） New products benefit the company little.（D）Core products are praised by customers.22 We can infer
20、from Paragraph 2 that extensive menus bring McDonald s more_.（A）annual earnings（B） fans and customers（C） investment projects（D）turnover declines23 According to the passage, what s the serious problem that McDonald s nowadays faces?（A）Fixed traditional products make customers feel wearied.（B） Varied
21、products cause low-level working efficiency.（C） The making process of fast-food becomes more complicated.（D）The taste is no longer the same among different service sites.24 What s the author s attitude toward McDonald s present situation?（A）Skepticism.（B） Objectiveness.（C） Indifference.（D）Approval.2
22、5 For McDonalds, what is the key point to solve the current problem?（A）Improving products diversity.（B） Building strong brand position.（C） Promoting main products.（D）Scaling back stores.25 What are the roads not taken because students must take out loans for college? For one thing, it appears that p
23、eople with student loans are less likely to start businesses of their own. A new study has found that areas with higher relative growth in student debt show lower growth in the formation of small businesses.The correlation makes sense. People normally have only a certain amount of “debt capacity“. W
24、hen students use up their “debt capacity“ on student loans, they cant commit it elsewhere. Given the importance of an entrepreneurs personal debt capacity in financing a start-up business, student loan debt, which cannot be discharged via bankruptcy, can have lasting effects later in life and may im
25、pact the ability of future small-business owners to raise capital. Considering that 60 percent of jobs are created by small business, “if you shut down the ability to create new businesses, youre going to harm the economy,“ said Brent Ambrose, a professor of risk management at Pennsylvania State Uni
26、versity.Student loan debt also appears to be affecting homeownership trends. According to research by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, fewer 30-year-olds in general have bought homes since the recession, but the decline has been steeper for people with a history of student loan debt and has con
27、tinued even as the housing market has recovered.Student loan debt may also affect career choices. Having a college loan appears to reduce the likelihood that people will choose a low-paying public-interest job, according to a 2011 study by Jesse Rothstein of the University of California, Berkeley, a
28、nd Cecilia Elena Rouse of Princeton.They arrived at their conclusion by studying a well-off university that began meeting students financial needs through a combination of work-study money and grants, and dispensing with loans altogether.Before the new policy started in the early 2000s, students wer
29、e more likely to choose well-paid professions like investment banking and consulting. After the policy took effect, more students chose jobs in areas like teaching and the nonprofit sector.In many cases, the choices that student borrowers make are just common sense, based on the financial realities
30、they face. If society wants to change the skewing effect of student loans, some tough decisions about allocating educational resources may well lie ahead.26 Which of the following is NOT true about “debt capacity“?（A）People with student loans, generally speaking, have almost used up their “debt capa
31、city“.（B） All the people have a certain amount of “debt capacity“ no matter they have loans or not.（C） For those people who took student loans, their “debt capacity“ are weaker than others.（D）Entrepreneurs “debt capacity“ should be stronger since it is crucial in financing situation.27 The quotation
32、 in Paragraph 2 implies that_.（A）job opportunities are disappearing in high speed（B） economic development can be held back by student loans（C） small business survival is insignificant and meaningless（D）more and more commercial opportunities have been created28 We can infer from Rothstein and Elena s
33、 research that_.（A）with lots of student loans, people will repress their desires of homeownership（B） without student loans, college graduates prefer to choose high-reward jobs（C） without the burden of paying back loans, people will get more freedom of job choice（D）although many colleges have financi
34、al capacity to support students, they refuse to do so29 Be a person with student loans, one would like to_.（A）run his / her own business（B） invest in real estate（C） dedicate to public welfare（D）become a high-paid employee30 Whats the focus of the passage?（A）A recent research about student debt.（B） T
35、he ripple effects of student debt.（C） Rules of applying loans in colleges.（D）Career choice of contemporary youth.30 During the past 34 years, wages for everyone at or below the 30th percentile of the income distribution have essentially been flat, while wages for the poorest 10 percent of workers ha
36、ve fallen. At all income levels, women earn less on average than men do.Since wages for the lowest income group have fallen while wages at the highest income group have grown, income inequality has also increased. However, while theres lots of talk about the adverse consequences of growing income in
37、equality, it s really poverty, not income inequality, that s the problem. And, poverty is a particularly big problem for women and girls, who make up more than half the people living in poverty.Poverty has harmful consequences for women. Economist Barry Bosworth at the Brookings Institution looked a
38、t life expectancy for people who have reached age 55 and found that, for example, a 55-year-old woman at the bottom of the income distribution can expect to live a decade less eighty years rather than ninetythan a woman of the same age at the top of the income distribution. These consequences are ge
39、tting worse over time for low-income women. As Bosworth s research paper reported, while life expectancy generally increases over time, that s not the case for low-income women. A woman bora in 1940 who is at the bottom of the income distribution has seen her life expectancy shrink by 2.1 years rela
40、tive to the same low-income women born 20 years earlier.A good way to raise the wages of women is to raise the education levels of women. The more educated a woman is, the more income she earns. Economist David Autor of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that the median woman with a col
41、lege degree earned about $23, 000 more a year than a woman who terminated her education once she earned her high school diploma.There s a another way to increase wages. According to the Economic Policy Institute, there are some unpleasant explanations for low wages. Some employers inappropriately cl
42、assify workers as independent contractors and some employers engage in “wage theft.“ Government is trying best to do something about this. “Wage theft“ occurs when employers do things like pay less than the minimum wage, don t pay overtime rates, and require unpaid work, and seems to be a wide-sprea
43、d problem. Since women make up two-thirds of workers in amount of service industrieswhere such problems occur frequentlysuch as fast-food industry, theyd likely benefit from reduced wage theft.31 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that the real problem for income inequality is_.（A）women have not go
44、t the same right to earn enough money that equals to mens during the past thirty four years（B） the wealth gap between women with low-level income and those with high-level income has been increased（C） there are more women than men belonging to the group of the poorest 10 percent of workers nowadays（
45、D）poverty is a serious problem for women rather than girls, since women make up more than half the people living in a bad financial situation32 According to Paragraph 3, which of the following is true?（A）For those women with high-level income, they expect to live to the age of eighty, which is ten y
46、ears longer than poor women hope.（B） Nowadays although those women with high-level income have longer life expectancy than those poor ones, they will also shrink their expectancy over time.（C） Generally speaking, people s life expectancy will get longer over time, but only for those women who earn l
47、ess than the average.（D）A woman who was born in 1920 and lived in an unsatisfied financial situation has longer life expectancy than the one born twenty years later.33 What s the author s attitude toward low-income women?（A）Appreciative.（B） Disappointed.（C） Impassive.（D）Objective.34 Each of the foll
48、owing belongs to the “wage theft“ EXCEPT_.（A）employees get no extra pay when they work more than eight hours（B） employees get no allowance when they are sick or get pregnant（C） employees get little pay that can not support their basic living（D）employees get no more pay when they are assigned to do r
49、etirers work 35 Which is the necessary way to solve women s poverty?（A）Popularize national undergraduate education.（B） Encourage the occupational diversity.（C） Promote the fair distribution of social wealth.（D）Eliminate gender inequality.35 Google is talking to auto makers about how to bring its self-driving-car technology to market, executives said Tuesday. Project director Chris Urmson said
