1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 210 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 In theory, a government bailout should provide a short-term“ infusion of cash to give a struggling company the chance to right itself. But in its aggres
2、sive dealings with U.S. automakers, most recently General Motors, the Obama administration is coming dangerously close to engaging in financial engineering that ignores basic principles of fairness and economic realities toachieve political goals.It is now clear that there is no real difference betw
3、een the government and GM. For all intents and purposes, the government, which is set to assume a 50 percent equity stake in the company, is GM, and it has been calling the shots in negotiations with creditors. While the Obama administration has been playing hardball with bondholders, it has been mo
4、re than happy to play nice with the United Auto Workers (UAW). How else to explain why a retiree health-care fund controlled by the UAW is going to get a 39 percent equity stake in GM for its remaining $10 billion in claims while bondholders are being pressured to take a 10 percent stake for their $
5、27 billion? Its highly unlikely that the auto industry professionals at GM would have reached such a deal if the government had not been watching themor providing the money needed to keep the factory doors open.GM is widely expected to file for bankruptcy before the end of this month. If this were a
6、 typical bankruptcy, the company would be allowed by law to tear up its UAW collective bargaining agreement and negotiate for drastically reduced wages and benefits. Surely, the government wont let that happen. Still, the threat of a contract abolition probably played a role in the unions agreement
7、to cost-cutting measures last week. Its never easy for unions to make concessions, but the sting of handing back money is being softened by the governments desire to give the union a huge ownership stake in GM.The administration argues that it could not risk alienating the union for fear of triggeri
8、ng a strike that could permanently cripple GM. It also assumes that it had to agree to protect suppliers and fund warranties in order to preserve jobs and reassure potential buyers that their cars would be serviced. These are legitimate concerns. But its too bad that the Obama administration has not
9、 thought more deeply about how its bullying of bondholders could convince future investors that the last thing they want to do is put money into any company that the government hasor couldbecome involved in.1 In its dealings with U.S. automakers, the Obama administration has（A）been hard on sharehold
10、ers and auto industry labor force.（B） helped struggling automakers to right themselves with a short-term cash-infusion.（C） narrowly avoided ignorance of basic principles of fairness and economic realities.（D）successfully saved the automaker-giants while striving for political goals.2 The statement “
11、call the shots“ (Line 3, Paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to（A）implement strategies.（B） have the final say.（C） seek compromises.（D）make concessions.3 If it had not been watched by the government, GM would probably have（A）imposed no pressure on bondholders to take the 10% equity stake.（B） cut the p
12、ercentage of equity stake controlled by the UAW.（C） torn up its UAW collective bargaining agreement in an illegal way.（D）launched staff-downsizing and reduced workers wages and benefits.4 It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that the UAW gives top priority to（A）taking its ownership stake in GM.（B） en
13、larging the retiree health-care fund.（C） raising workers wages and benefits.（D）validating the contract with GM.5 To which of the following statements would the author most likely agree?（A）The UAW should be fully satisfied in order to avoid a strike.（B） The administration has given more than enough s
14、ympathy to the workers.（C） The unfair treatment can make future investors lose trust in the government.（D）Legitimate concerns are only tools of the government to achieve political goals.5 Biographies can be wearisome contrivances, often too long and too detailed for their own good. Biographers make
15、the mistake of spending too much time worshipping their subjects. Think of the authoritative three-volume life of Robert Frost by Lawrence Thompson, for example, and how the biographer passed, over the many years of its making, from hero worship to intense dislike of thepoet he shadowed for almost a
16、 quarter of a century. Yes, too long and intense an acquaintance can lead to sourness.As the bicentenary of Charles Darwins birth on February 12th approaches, it is good to welcome a biography which is relatively small, but in no way superficial or meager. Ruth Padel has achieved this feat by writin
17、g her great-great-grandfathers life in a sequence of often quite short poems. Through her verses she seeks to capture the “voice“ of Darwin. Ms Padel embeds many of Darwins own wordsfrom his books or his lettersin her poems, and the results tend to give the sense of being jointly authored. Sometimes
18、 she shapes entire pieces of quotation into her own poetic passages. If this seems to be a bit of sly plagiarism, it doesnt feel like it. It feels more like a skillful act of collaboration between the living and the dead, one melding easily with the other.Why does this book work so well? How does it
19、 manage to say so much in so few words? Ms Padel seems to have caught the essence of the mans .character, as if in a butterfly net. She enters into his cast of mind, bringing across his hyper-sensitivity, his sense of fragility, his lifelong boldness, and the poems are a sequence of snapshotsoften s
20、mall, intermittent and delicately imagisticof particularly crucial incidents in his life; of moments of intellectual illumination.It is not easy to describe a whole life in relatively few words. You need to find some way of filling in the background. Ms Padel has overcome this problem by having para
21、graphs of notes run, in a single column, beside the texts of the poems so that they can be read side by side.And why are poems a good way of iUuminating a life such as Darwins? The best lyric poems think of Keats or Shelley, for exampleare moments of sudden insight. And Darwin, throughout, was in th
22、e grip of something very similar: a terrible, destabilizing sense of wonder. He sensed hints of the marvelous everywhere he looked. All the sadder thenand this is something that Ms Padel does not explainthat, later in life, the man who carried with him on the Beagle Channel a copy of Miltons “Paradi
23、se Lost“ found that he could no longer enjoy poetry.6 According to the author, biographies can become boring because they are too（A）short.（B） detailed.（C） authoritative.（D）superficial.7 The example of Lawrence Thompson is to show that（A）its most likely that acquaintances dislike each other in the lo
24、ng run.（B） biographers have to show all the goodness of their subjects.（C） over-worshipping the subject might cause emotional changes of biographers.（D）other biographers may criticize the author for showing too much worshipping.8 Charles Darwins biography by Ruth Padel（A）quoted many of Ruths books a
25、nd letters.（B） used Darwins own poetic passages.（C） plagiarized the entire pieces of other biographies.（D）feels like a joint work by the author and the subject.9 Darwins biography by Ms Padel turns out to be a great success because Ms Padel（A）has made an insightful comment on Darwins particular natu
26、re.（B） tries to introduce everything crucial in a detailed and clear way.（C） is able to provide comprehensive background knowledge of the man.（D）uses a new way of offering ideas and notes to the readers.10 Which of the following is true according to the last two paragraphs?（A）Biographies have to be
27、written in the form of poems with notes.（B） Its generally advisable to describe peoples life in fewer words.（C） Poem is the best way of depicting the wonderful life of Darwin.（D）Darwins life is filled with moments of sudden insights, as poems suggest.Part CDirections: Read the following text careful
28、ly and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 10 Life is unfair, as even the Bible acknowledges. We cant all hit a baseball like DiMaggio or sing like the Beatles. But how much do we understand about those who can? Not enough, says Malcolm Gladwell, in his new book, Outlier
29、s: The Story of Success.【F1】We attribute the Beatles fabulous success to their amazing musical talents,whereas Gladwell has a different explanationasadetenninant of success, talent is overrated, compared with, among other things, luck.Outliers opens with a typically Gladwellian puzzle: why are so ma
30、ny professional hockey players born early in the year?【F2】It turns out that Canadian Youth Leagues group players by age, based on a calendar year, so a player born in January will be the oldest on his team, enjoying a big difference in size and maturity.The early birds get more playing time and coac
31、hing, advantages that become self-reinforcing, spelling the difference between a National Hockey League career and a job as a high-school coach. Life is unfair.【F3】Similarly, Gladwell calculates that the best year for a software genius to be bom was 1955just old enough for the start of the personal-
32、computer revolution in the mid-1970s. That is the year when Bill Gates and Steve Jobs were born. Obviously, not everyone born that year became a billionaire; Gates and Jobs had distinctive talents, but they also had unique opportunities growing up. Almost invariably, Gladwell says, geniuses are made
33、, not born, and it was their families, schools and societies that made them.【F4】As evidence Gladwell brings to bear his own history, as the son of a Jamaican woman of limited means who won a scholarship to study at the University of London. Her marriage to an Englishman there began the familys ascen
34、t into the educated elite. He maintains that his mother was the beneficiary of her own mothers initiative and a favorable environment. And so are we all.The reader should feel free to cite counterexamplesShakespeare, the son of a provincial trader in hides and grain? Einstein, dreaming away in an ob
35、scure patent office?you wont discomfort Gladwell.【F5 】He always builds an argument out of absorbing anecdotes and eye-opening statistics, then happily moves on to his next point, leaving the reader with a faint hint of buyers remorse about the almost too-perfect package of ideas. No other writer tod
36、ay can pull this sort of thing off so well. If I hadnt just read Gladwells book, Id be jealous of his talent, instead of his luck.11 【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】15 The Romantic Movement emphasized the creative artist rather than the natural world as the origin of beauty.【F1】According to the Roma
37、ntics, it was by encountering ideas and feelings crystallized in works of art that we could obtain the oneness with the scheme of things which the Enlightenment philosophers had looked for in the works of nature.The self-expression of theartist was endowed with the authority of revelation. Originali
38、ty rather than convention became the criterion of artistic success, and the individual transgression attained a value as great as any obedience to social norms.【F2】In our time this Romantic conception of the artist has been taken to such extremes that we no longer know whether art and beauty have mu
39、ch to do with one another.Many people conclude that art is not what it was once cracked up to be, that it is not about the beautiful, the grand and the transcendent, but that it is a skill like any other and that the greatest part of the skill is self-advertisement.Today people are a little more cyn
40、ical than they were. But this is not because they have lost the interest in beauty or the need to encounter it in their daily lives. They have lost faith in art as a way of supplying that need.【F3】This loss is a painful one, for the reason that it is difficult to return to the 18th-century love of n
41、ature in order to enjoy what was promised by art, namely salvation from the trivial and a face-to-face encounter with the truth. Nature, too, is not what it was once cracked up to be. It has lost its former status as the open book in which we could read ourselves.【F4】Yet the need for beauty remains
42、since we see this in all the areas where people make choices concerning the way things look, or feel or sound.People may have given up on art, and they may be skeptical towards natural beauty. But they still design their own lives, searching for agreement and for a shared sense of what matters and w
43、hy. This search for aesthetic order is not just a luxury; it is essential to life in society.【F5】It is one way in which we send out signals of humility, and show that we are not just animals hunting for our needs but civilized beings who wish to live at peace with our neighbors.That is why we adopt
44、dress codes; it is why we are guided by taste in our language, in our gestures and in our ways of looking at other people and inviting them into our lives.16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 210 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
45、 choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。答案在第一段。其中讲到奥巴马政府过度干涉美国汽车制造商，特别是最近通用汽车公司的问题，险些卷入金融操纵的危险境地，那样就会无视公平的基本原则和经济现状，C 项与之相符。 A 项 labor:force 与后文讲述的政府与 UAW 交好的事实相悖；B 项是理论上政府应该采取的策略，然而并没有证据表明政府已经这样做；D 项 successfully saved 与原文 dangerously 相悖。2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 语义理解题。这类题型需要根据上下文推断出词义。文中前
46、一句讲到政府实际就代表了通用公司，按照逻辑推理，可知政府在与债权人谈判中。它可以代表通用公司做决定，由此可知 B 项“有决定权”正确。A 项“贯彻策略”泛泛而谈，且“策略”无出处；后一句说到奥巴马政府对债券持有人态度强硬(play hardball)，可排除 C 项“ 寻求和解”和 D 项“做出让步”。3 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。第二段讲到因为有政府的监管，上述协议才能达成。因此可以推断出，如果没有政府帮助，UAW 很可能就得不到 39%这么多的股权，故 B 项与之相符。A 项 imposed no pressure 无法推理，原文只提出政府的介人使得债券持有人只获得了 10
47、%的股权，并未提及在政府坐视不理的假设下公司会向债券持有人施压：C 项的 illegal 与第三段中“依照法律，通用公司可以撕毁和工人联合会的劳资协议”矛盾；D 项 downsizing 并未提及。4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推理判断题。属段落细节推断。原文提到“废除合同的威胁很可能促成了工会在上周同意了有关降低成本的措施。”因为工人联合会担心协议被撕毁将一无所得，所以才同意了有关降低成本的措施。由此可见，他们最希望的就是能够保全之前与公司签订的协议，故 D 项正确。A 项并非 top priority，仅仅 soften thesting；B 项 “增加退休人员的医保基金 ”未在此处提
48、及；C 项 welfare and benefits 并未提及。5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 观点态度题。从全文意义以及最后一段可以推断出作者的观点态度，即政府行为会导致投资者不愿再把钱投资到与政府有关的企业中，因为政府可能会损害他们的利益来保护劳工权益，C 项与之相符。 A 项“为了避免罢工，应该要尽量满足 UAW 的要求”、B 项“政府已经给予工人最大限度的同情”均是政府托词，而非作者意见：D 项“合理考虑仅仅是政府为达到政治目的而使用的手段 ”未提及。6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据题干可定位至第一段第一句。其中说到传记常常因为写得过于冗长详尽而令人厌倦，因此可知正
49、确答案为 B 项。A 项“太短”，这并不会引起读者的厌倦，此项与文意相反；C 项“ 权威的”只是罗伯特.弗罗斯特三卷本传记的一个特点，并非传记令读者厌倦的原因；D 项意为“肤浅的”，原文第二段提到的是帕德尔女士写的达尔文传记不肤浅，但这并不能推断出肤浅的传记会让读者厌烦，这是过度推断。7 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题，考查例证细节。根据 Lawrence Thompson 定位至第一段。其中说到随着时间推移，汤普森对弗罗斯特由崇拜转为厌恶。因此可知正确答案为 C 项。A 项所说的是“熟人”，并不是作传的对象，与题意无关：B 项“传记作者必须展现作传对象的全部优点”、D 项“其他的传记作者也许会批评作者过度崇拜其传记对象”，文中均未提及。8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据 Ruth Padel 可定位至第二段。文中说“感觉像是她和达尔文合写的一样”、“更像是生者和逝者的完美合奏”，因此可知 D 项正确。帕德尔引用的是达尔文的作品，而不是她自己的作品，因此 A 项错误；B 项说引用了达尔文的诗歌，但文中只是说他的著作和书信中的话语被引用到帕德尔的诗歌中，因此 B 项也排除：C 项说完全抄袭了其他传记作者的作品，不符合文意，因为文中指出，如果有抄袭嫌
