1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 12 及答案与解析一、翻译1 Put the following short passage into Chinese(中国石油大学 2006 研，考试科目：综合英语)For the sake of speculation, let us imagine a humanism that is a way of seeing. A humanism that is a way of seeing will be committed to describing what it sees. It will seek to fix the condition
2、of the human spirit at a particular place in a particular moment of time in relation to a particular experience, and it will choose its places and times and experiences because they express the condition of the human spirit with particular clarity. They are the evidence concerning the nature of the
3、human spirit that has accumulated throughout history. In other words, they are to humanism what the raw materials of physics, biology, and chemistry are to science.2 Put the following short passage into Chinese(中国石油大学 2005 研，考试科目：综合英语)While awareness and mastery of skills are important steps in any
4、learning process, it is only when conscious skills are put to work that you will experience the involvement and excitement that accompany personal growth. The infant mimicking sounds, the youngster practicing to ride his bicycle, the teenager learning to drive, the adult preparing to buy a houseall
5、experience a good deal of anticipation, but the anticipation pales next to the excitement of first communicating verbally or riding a bicycle sold or taking that first drive or moving into that first home. In other words, social interaction is the highest degree of personal involvement, the logical
6、peak experience towards which awareness and mastery lead.3 In this part， you are asked to translate the following paragraph into ChineseWrite your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(中国矿业大学 2009 研，考试科目：基础英语)The Appeal of Life Is Beautiful is perhaps not so puzzling after all. The archetypal story of a father
7、s sacrifice for his family has evidently proved irresistible to many spectators whose sensibilities have often been molded by such simple entertainment cliches and who seek, not the bitter historical truths of the Holocaust, but consoling evasions. Thus, the film encourages them to interpret death i
8、n the camps as a moving personal sacrifice and not as the brutal termination of a singular human beings life. Survival is a victory. Dora comes through her ordeal with little more than a smudge on her face and a punk hairdo, and Giosues memories, become burnished with age. All these misguided, conso
9、ling thoughts are accepted with a sigh of relief because no one is obliged to think about how a survivors return to normalcy would be perpetually haunted by nightmares whose origins were all too real. Like Benigni, audiences are evidently only too willing to succumb to an unfortunate, if understanda
10、ble, impulse which, in the words of the eminent critic of Holocaust literature, Lawrence Langer, desperately attempts “ to redesign hope from the shards of despair. “ If only life were so beautiful.4 In this part， you are asked to translate the following paragraph into ChineseWrite you answers on th
11、e ANSWER SHEETHe seemed to be occupied with nothing but his food, his dogs, and his chickens. If what they tell us in books were true his long communion with nature and the sea should have taught him many subtle secrets. It hadnt. He was a savage. He was nothing but a narrow, ignorant, and cantanker
12、ous sea-faring man. As I looked at the wrinkled, mean old face I wondered what was the story of those three dreadful years that had made him welcome this long imprisonment. I sought to see behind those pale blue eyes what secrets they were that he would carry to his grave. And then I foresaw the end
13、. One day a pearl fisher would land on the island and German Harry would not be waiting for him, silent and suspicious, at the waters edge. He would go up to the hut and there, lying on the bed, unrecognizable, he would see all that remained of what had once been a man. Perhaps then he would hunt hi
14、gh and low for the great mass of pearls that has haunted the fancy of so many adventures. But I do not believe he would find it: German Harry would have seen to it that none should discover the treasure, and the pearls would rot in their hiding place. Then the pearl fisher would go back into his din
15、ghy and the island once more deserted of man.5 Translate From English to Chinese( 中国传媒大学 2012 研，考试科目：基础英语)On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord. On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the
16、recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit: to choose our better history: to carry forward that precio
17、us gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned.
18、Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-heartedfor those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of thingssome celebrated but more often m
19、en and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west: endured the lash of the wh
20、ip and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg: Normandy and Khe Sahn.6 E-C Translation( 上海交通大学 2005 研，考试科目：英语水平考试)Defining the meaning of “happiness“ is a perplexing proposition: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and th
21、en work towards the middle. To think of happiness as achieving superiority over others, living in a mansion made of marble, having a wardrobe with hundreds of outfits, will do to set the greedy extreme. To think of happiness as the joy of a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. He
22、sits completely still, contemplating the nature of reality, free even of his own body. If admirers bring him food, he eats it: if not, he starves. Why be concerned? What is physical is trivial to him. To contemplate is his joy and he achieves complete mental focus through an incredibly demanding dis
23、cipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy to him.Is he a happy man? Perhaps his happiness is only another sort of illusion. But who can take it from him? And who will dare say it is more false than happiness paid for through an installment plan?Although the holy mans concept of happiness
24、may enjoy considerable prestige in the Orient, I doubt the existence of such motionless happiness. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be torture to almost anyone of Western temperament. Yet these extremes will still serve to define the area within which all of us must find some sort
25、of balance. Thoreau had his own firm sense of that balance: save on the petty in order to spend on the essential.7 Translate the following into chineseThe developing world and many developed countries have called for “cooperation instead of confrontation“ in the North-South relations. It goes withou
26、t saying that such cooperation should be based on the continuous restructuring of the unjust and inequitable international economic relations. Otherwise, cooperation could hardly be maintained and confrontation avoided. Therefore, international aid, private investment, transfer of technology, trade,
27、 money and finance should be guided by the principle of being just and reasonable and of equality and mutual benefit. It is essential to respect the sovereignty of the developing countries and not interfere in their internal affairs or control their economic life-lines.A global and integrated approa
28、ch should be adopted and unremitting and solid efforts be made for the establishment of new international economic order. At present, many developing countries, especially the least developed countries, have indeed some urgent problems which should be accorded priority. But the solution of these pro
29、blems should meet the needs of the long-term development of the developing countries and facilitate the process of establishing the new international economic order. It should not serve as limited measures divorced from the fundamental objective of establishing the new international economic order.8
30、 On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, expectant. I guessed vaguely from my mothers signs and from the hurrying to and fro in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of hon
31、eysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost unconsciously on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of marvel or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed
32、upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet and sounding-line and you
33、waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that ship before my education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbor was. “ Light! Give me light!“ was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very
34、hour!I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to reveal all things to me, and, more than all things else, to love me.9 英译汉。(华东理工大学 2006 研，考试科目：翻译实践)I chanced to rise very earl
35、y one particular morning this summer, and took a walk into the country to divert myself among the fields and meadows, while the green was new, and the flowers in their bloom. As at this season of the year every lane is a beautiful walk, and every hedge full of aromatic nosegays. I lost myself, with
36、a great deal of pleasure, among several thickets and bushes that were filled with a great variety of birds, and an agreeable confusion of notes, which formed the pleasantest scene in the world to one who had passed a whole winter in noise and smoke. The freshness of the dews that lay upon everything
37、 about me, with the cool breath of the morning, which inspired the birds with so many delightful instincts, created in me the same kind of animal pleasure, and made my heart overflow with such secret emotions of joy and satisfaction as are not to be described or accounted for.I was very much pleased
38、 and astonished at the glorious show of these gay vegetables that arose in great profusion on all the banks about us. Sometimes I considered every leaf as an elaborate piece of tissue, in which the threads and fibers were woven together into different configurations, which gave a different colouring
39、 to the light as it glanced on the several parts of the surface. Sometimes I considered the whole bed of tulips, according to the notion of the greatest mathematician and philosopher that ever lived, as a multitude of optic instruments, designed for the separating light into all those various colour
40、s of which it is composed.For this reason I look upon the whole country in springtime as a spacious garden, and make as many visits to a pot of daisies or a bank of violets, as a florist does to his borders or parterres. There is not a bush in blossom within a mile of me, which I am not acquainted w
41、ith, nor scarce a daffodil or tulip that withers away in my neighborhood without my missing it. I walked home in this temper of mind through several fields and meadows with an unspeakable pleasure, not without reflecting on the bounty of Providence which has made the most pleasing and most beautiful
42、 objects the most ordinary and most common.10 Translate the following into Chinese(华东师范大学 2010 研，考试科目：翻译)No doubt throughout all past time there actually occurred a series of events which, whether we know what it was or not, constitutes history in some ultimate sense. Nevertheless, much the greater
43、part of these events we can know nothing about, not even that they occurred: many of them we can know only imperfectly: and even the few events that we think we know for sure we can never be absolutely certain of, since we can never revive them, never observe or test them directly. The event itself
44、once occurred, but as an actual event it has disappeared: so that in dealing with it the only objective reality we can observe or test is some material trace which the event has leftusually a written document. With these traces of vanished events, these documents, we must be content since they are a
45、ll we have: from them we infer what the event was, we affirm that it is a fact that the event was so and so. . . Let us then admit that there are two histories: the actual series of events that once occurred: and the ideal series that we affirm and hold in memory. The first is absolute and unchanged
46、it was what it was whatever we do or say about it: the second is relative , always changing in response to the increase or refinement of knowledge. The two series correspond more or less, it is our aim to make the correspondence as exact as possible, but the actual series of events exist for us only
47、 in terms of the ideal series which we affirm and hold in memory. This is why I am forced to identify history with knowledge of history. For all practical purposes history is, for us and for the time being, what we know it to be.History as the artificial extension of the social memory is an art of l
48、ong standing, necessarily so since it springs instinctively from the impulse to enlarge the range of immediate experience, and however camouflaged by disfiguring jargon of science, it is still in essence what it has always been. History in this sense is story, in aim always a true story : a story th
49、at employs all the devices of literary art(statement and generalization, narration and description, comparison and comment and analogy)to present the succession of events in the life of man, and from the succession of events thus presented to derive a satisfactory meaning. The history written by historians, like the history informally fashioned by Mr. Everyman, is thus a convenient blend of truth and fancy, of what we commonly distinguish as fact and interpretation. In primitive times, when tradition is orally transmitted, bards and story-tellers frankly embroider,
