1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 14 及答案与解析一、翻译1 Translate the Following English into Chinese( 浙江工商大学 2009 研，考试科目：翻译与写作)I do have the feeling that all stories by one writer tend to spring from the same source within him. However they differ in subject or approach, however they vary in excellence or fluctuate in
2、their power to alter the mind or mood or move the heat, all of one writers stories must take on their quality, carry their signature, because of one characteristic, lyrical impulse of his mindthe impulse to praise, to love, to call up, to prophesy. But then what countless stories share a common sour
3、ce! All writers write out of the same few, few and eternallove, pity, terror do not change.Sources of stories could be examined with less confusion, perhaps, not in the subjective terms of emotion, but through finding what in the outside world leads back to those emotions most directly and tautly an
4、d specifically. The surest clue is the pull on the line, the “inspiration“ , the outside signal that has startled or moved the creative mind to complicity and brought the story to active being: the irresistible, the magnetic, the alarming(pleasurable or disturbing), the overwhelming person, place, o
5、r thing.2 Translate the Following Business English into Chinese(浙江工商大学 2009 研，考试科目：翻译与写作)The traditional view of services has been that they are something performed by one individual for another. However , this view is too narrow. Services do differ in their labor intensity, for example, an automate
6、d versus a manual car wash or teller-oriented versus automated bank services. Labor intensity increases when highly skilled personnel are involved and services must be provided at the customers home or place of business. Some labor-intensive services may be performed by do-it-yourself consumers, for
7、 example, home repair.Service firms may be classified by their degree of customer contact. When customer contact is high, training personnel in interpersonal skills is essential. This is in addition to the technical training needed to properly perform a service. Such personnel as appliance repair pe
8、ople, car mechanics, and other service personnel may be the only contact a consumer has with the firm. When customer contact is low, technical skills are most essential.3 Translation from English into Chinese(南京师范大学 2010 研，考试科目：翻译硕士)Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to
9、regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. Whats worse, the animalistic
10、 instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of t
11、he mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career.4 英译汉。(南京师范大学 2008 研，考试科目：基础英语)A book is essentially not a talked thing, but a written thing: and written, not with a view of mere communication, but of permanence. The book of
12、 talk is printed only because its author cannot speak to thousands of people at once: if he could, he wouldthe volume is mere multiplication of his voice. You cannot talk to your friend in India: if you could, you would: you write instead:that is mere conveyance of voice. But a book is written, not
13、to multiply the voice merely, not to carry it merely, but to perpetuate it. The author has somediing to say which he perceives to be true and useful, or helpfully beautiful. So far as he knows, no one has yet said it: so far as he knows, no one else can say it. He is bound to say it, clearly and mel
14、odiously if he may: clearly, at all events.5 ENGLISH-CHINESE TRANSLATION(南京农业大学 2008 研，考试科目：英汉互译)Since the company would not desire applicants who do not have a good profile, it is important that an application form sent to a prospective applicant should request clear information about such things a
15、s the applicants age, qualifications and work experience as well as references from other individuals who know the applicant well.This information assists the companys management in making a final decision on those applicants they can shortlist for an interview.The staff conducting an interview toge
16、ther are called an “interview panel“ , who, prior to the interview, carefully review the job descriptions, personnel specifications, and applications. To help the panel in their selection, an interview assessment form is often used during the interview when each applicant is checked according to a n
17、umber of criteria indicated on the form.6 Whether work should be placed among the causes of happiness or among the causes of unhappiness may perhaps be regarded as a doubtful question. There is certainly much work which is exceedingly weary and an excess of work is always very painful. I think, howe
18、ver, that, provided work is not excessive in amount, even the dullest work is to most people less painful than idleness. There are in work all grades, from mere relief of tedium up to the profoun-dest delights, according to the nature of the work and the abilities of the worker. Most of the work tha
19、t most people have to do is not in itself interesting, but even such work has certain great advantages. To begin with, it fills a good many hours of the day without the need of deciding what one shall do. Most people, when they are left free to fill their own time according to their own choice, are
20、at a loss to think of anything sufficiently pleasant to be worth doing. And whatever they decide on, they are troubled by the feeling that something else would have been pleasanter. To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization, and at present very few people have reac
21、hed this level. Moreover, the exercise of choice is in itself tiresome. Except to people with unusual initiative it is positively agreeable to be told what to do at each hour of the day, provided the orders are not too unpleasant. Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of thei
22、r freedom from toil. At times they may find relief by hunting big game in Africa, or by flying round the world, but the number of such sensations is limited, especially after youth is past. Accordingly the more intelligent rich men work nearly as hard as if they were poor, while rich women for the m
23、ost part keep themselves busy with innumerable trifles of whose earth-shaking importance they are firmly persuaded.Work therefore is desirable, first and foremost, as a preventive of boredom, for the boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in compa
24、rison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days. With this advantage of work another is associated, namely that it makes holidays much more delicious when they come. Provided a man does not have to work so hard as to impair his vigor, he is likely to find far more zest i
25、n his free time than an idle man could possibly find.The second advantage of most paid work and of some unpaid work is that it gives chances of success and opportunities for ambition. In most work success is measured by income, and while our capitalistic society continues, this is inevitable. It is
26、only where the best work is concerned that this measure ceases to be the natural one to apply. The desire that men feel to increase their income is quite as much a desire for success as for the extra comforts that a high income can acquire. However dull work may be, it becomes bearable if it is a me
27、ans of building up a reputation, whether in the world at large or only in ones own circle.7 Translate the following passage into Chinese( 江苏大学 2008 研，考试科目：英语语言学与英汉互译)It is my temper, and I like it the better, to affect all harmony: and sure there is music even in the beauty, and the silent note whic
28、h Cupid strikes, far sweeter than the sound of an instrument. For there is a music wherever there is a harmony, order, or proportion: and thus far we may maintain the music of the spheres: for those well-ordered motions and regular paces, though they give no sound unto the ear, yet to the understand
29、ing they strike a note most full of harmony. Whatsoever is harmonically composed delights in harmony: which makes me much distrust the symmetry of those heads which declaim against all Church Music. For myself, not only from my obedience but my particular genius , I do embrace it: for even that vulg
30、ar and Tavern Music, which makes one man merry, another mad, strikes in me a deep fit of devotion, and a profound contemplation of the first Composer: there is something in it of Divinity more than the ear discovers. It is an hieroglyphical and shadowed lesson of the whole world and creatures of God
31、, such a melody to the ear as the whole world, well understood, would afford the understanding. In brief, it is a sensible fit of that harmony which intellectually sounds in the ears of God.(from Of Harmony by Thomas Brown)8 Translate the following passage into Chinese( 江苏大学 2007 研，科目名称：英语语言学与英汉互译)I
32、t is certain no literal translation can be just to an excellent original in a superior language: but it is a great mistake to imagine(as many have done)that a rash paraphrase can make amends for this general defect: which is no less in danger to lose the spirit of an ancient, by deviating into the m
33、odern manners of expression. If there be sometimes a darkness, there is often a light in antiquity, which nothing better preserves than a version almost literal. I know no Liberties one ought to take, but those which are necessary for transfusing the spirit of the original, and supporting the poetic
34、al style of the translation: and I will venture to say, there have not been more men misled in former times by a servile dull adherence to the letter, than have been deluded in ours by a chimerical insolent hope of raising and improving their author. It is not to be doubted that the fire of the poem
35、 is what a translator should principally regard, as it is most likely to expire in his managing:however, it is his safest way to be content with preserving this to his utmost in the whole, without endeavoring to be more than he finds his author is, in any particular place. It is a great secret in wr
36、iting to know when to be plain, and when poetical and figurative: and it is what Homer will teach us if we will but follow modestly in his footsteps.(On Translating the Classics by Alexander Pope)9 Translate the following passage into Chinese( 苏州大学 2009 研，考试科目：翻译与写作)During Branwells last years, the
37、three sisters published a book of poetry at their own expense(under a pseudonym, for fear of reviewers bias against females). Even Branwell might have snickered: they sold only two copies. Undaunted, they continued in their spare time, late at night by candlelight, to pour out their pent-up emotion,
38、 writing of what they knew best, of women in conflict with their natural desires and social conditionin reality, less fiction than autobiography! And 19th century literature was transformed by Annes Agnes Grey, Emilys Wuthering Heights, and Charlottes Jane Eyre.But years of sacrifice for Branwell ha
39、d taken their toll. Emily took ill at her brothers funeral and died within 3 months, aged 29: Anne died 5 months later, aged 30: Charlotte lived only to age 39. If only they had been nurtured instead of sacrificed!No one remembers Branwells name, much less his art or literature, but the Bronte siste
40、rs tragically short lives teach us even more of life than literature. Their sacrificed genius cries out to us that in modern society we must value children not by their physical strength or sexual gender, as we would any mere east of burden, but by their integrity, strength, commitment, couragespiri
41、tual qualities abundant in both boys and girls. China, a nation blessed by more boys and girls than any nation, ignores at her own peril the lesson of the Bronte tragedy.10 Translate the following passage into Chinese( 苏州大学 2008 研，考试科目：翻译与写作)How strange is the lot of us mortals! Each of us is here f
42、or a brief sojourn: for what purpose he knows not, though he sometimes thinks he senses it. But without deeper reflection one knows from daily life that one exists for other peoplefirst of all for those upon whose smiles and well-being our own happiness is wholly dependent, and then for the many, un
43、known to us, to whose destinies we are bound by the ties of sympathy. A hundred times every day I remind myself that my inner and outer life are based on the labors of other men, living and dead, and that I must exert myself in order to give in the same measure as I have received and am still receiv
44、ing. I am strongly drawn to a frugal life and am often oppressively aware that I am engrossing an undue amount of the labor of my fellow-men. I regard class distinctions as unjustified and, in the last resort, based on force. I also believe that a simple and unassuming life is good for everybody, ph
45、ysically and mentally.I do not at all believe in human freedom in the philosophical sense. Everybody acts not only under external compulsion but also in accordance with inner necessity. Schopenhauers saying, “ A man can do what he wants, but not want what he wants“ , has been a very real inspiration
46、 to me since my youth: it has been a continual consolation in the face of lifes hardships, my own and others, and an unfailing well-spring of tolerance. This realization mercifully mitigates the easily paralyzing sense of responsibility and prevents us from taking ourselves and other people too seri
47、ously: it is conducive to a view of life which, in particular, gives humor its due.11 Translate the underlined parts into Chinese(南京大学 2012 研，考试科目：基础英语)In his new book, Outliers, Malcolm Gladwell maps the secrets of successful people. Here is an interview about the new book:Q:(1)You write that talen
48、t and IQ dont matter as much as we think they do. What do we really need to become successful?A: An innate gift and a certain amount of intelligence are important, but what really pays is ordinary experience.(2)Bill Gates is successful largely becausehe had the good fortune to attend a school that g
49、ave him the opportunity to spend an enormous amount of time programming computersmore than 10, 000 hours, in fact, before he started his own company. He was also born at a time when that experience was extremely rare, which set him apart.Q: What about your own life story?A: Success is the steady accumulation of advantages.(3)In my case, you cant understand me without understanding my family, which means going back to 18th-century Jamaica. I am the descendant of an African slave and a white plantation owner. Unlike in the American South, the offspring of such
