1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 15 及答案与解析一、翻译1 In this part， you are asked to translate the following paragraph into ChineseWrite your answers on the ANSWER SHEET(中国矿业大学 2007 研，考试科目：基础英语)Autumn is blatantly vital season, contrary to the allegations of sorrowful poets who misconstrue the message of dying leaves
2、. A more realistic poet, Archibald Macleish, says that “ Autumn is the American season. In Europe the leaves turn yellow or brown and fall. Here they take fire on the trees and hang there flaming. Life, too, we think, is capable of taking fire in this country: of creating beauty never seen. “Autumn
3、is also the authentic season of renewal. Yale Lecturer William Zinsser hit the nail squarely, “ The whole notion of New Years Day as the time is autumn. Popular pleasure shows itself in those hastening steps and brightened smiles encountered as the air grows nippier. Some psychiatrists have patients
4、 who grow almost alarmed at how congenial they suddenly feel. “ The season of autumn does induce a quickening of the blood and a heightening of humankinds sensual pleasures. Yet the very jubilant excesses that ensue often lead, at last, to the well-known post-Thanksgiving “holiday blues“. In darker
5、ways still, fate and tragedy have made some American Novembers seem crueler than April.Autumn is honest: it does not pretend to be heaven. Yet almost everybody recognizes that the seasons character transcends those familiar bracing days, crystal nights, bigger stars, vaulted skies, fluted twilights,
6、 harvest moons, frosted pumpkins and that riotous foliage that impels whole traffic jams of leaf freaks up into New England. What is not recognized is that autumn is richly enhanced simply by what it is not. Specifically, it is not summer, winter or spring.2 In this part， you are asked to translate
7、the following paragraph into Chinese(中国矿业大学 2006 研，考试科目：基础英语)I am fond of loitering about country churches, and this was so delightfully situated that it frequently attracted me. It stood on a knoll, round which a small stream made a beautiful bend and then wound its way trough a long reach of soft
8、meadow scenery. The church was surrounded by yew trees which seemed almost coeval with itself. Its tall Gothic spire shot up lightly from among them, with rooks and crows generally wheeling about it. I was seated there one still sunny morning watching two laborers who were digging a grave. I was tol
9、d that the new-made grave was for the only son of a poor widow. While I was meditating on the distinctions of worldly rank which extend thus down into the very dust, the toll of the bell announced the approach of the funeral. They were the obsequies of poverty with which pride had nothing to do. A c
10、offin of plainest materials, without pall or other covering, was borne by some of the villagers. The sexton walked before with an air of cold indifference. There were no mock mourners in the trappings of affected woe, but there was one real mourner who feebly tottered after the corpse. It was the ag
11、ed mother of the dec eased, the poor old woman whom I had seen seated on the steps of the altar. She was supported by a humble friend, who was endeavoring to comfort her. A few of the neighboring poor had joined the train, and some children of the village were running hand in hand, now shouting with
12、 unthinking mirth, and now pausing to gaze with childish curiosity on the grief of the mourner.3 Translate the following passages into Chinese(深圳大学 2007 研，考试科目：综合英语)As miracle goes, a number of Black Americans so nonchalantly taking the reins of huge companies does not, of course, really rank with t
13、he parting of the sea. However, it does say something significant concerning better opportu-nity in an arena that, until very recently, might as well have hung “Blacks Not Allowed“signs. And, if nothing else, the successes of such high-profile Afro-American figures as new corporate titans offer the
14、black youngsters a glance at a possible future and a loftier path, and serve as a reminder to all of us, black or white, that a nation is at its best when talent triumphs over precedent, when preconceptions make way for excellence in whatever package excellence arrives.4 Disappointment is the stuff
15、bad dreams are made of, dreams of failure, inadequacy, loss of position and good repute. The essence of success is that theres never enough of it to go around in a zero-sum game where one persons winning must be offset by anothers losing. We have been growing up in a nation where, according to the g
16、ospel of a famous football coach, winning is not the most important thingit is the only thing. To lose, to fail, to go under, to go brokethese are deadly sins in a world where prosperity in the present is seen as a sure sign of salvation in the future. In a different society, your disappointment due
17、 to the final grade B might be something you could shrug away. But not in ours.5 Translate the following passage into ChineseWrite your translation on the ANSWER SHEET(中山大学 2013 研，考试科目：基础英语)Carrara, shut in by the great hills, is a very picturesque town in Italy. Few tourists stay there: and the peo
18、ple are nearly all connected, in one way or another, with the mining of marble. There are also villages among the caves, where the workmen live. It contains a beautiful little Theatre, newly built: and it is an interesting custom there, to form the chorus of laborers in the marble mines, who are sel
19、f-taught and sing by ear. I heard them in a comic opera, and in an act of “Norma“ : and they performed remarkably well:unlike the common people of Italy generally, who(with some exceptions among the Neapolitans)sing terribly out of tune, and have very disagreeable singing voices.Neapolitans: 那不勒斯人6
20、Translate the following passage into ChineseWrite your translation on the ANSWER SHEET(中山大学 2012 研，考试科目：基础英语)Montaigne fully accepted human weaknesses and understood that no philosophy could be effective unless it took into account our deeply ingrained imperfections, the limitations of our rationali
21、ty, the flaws that make us human. It is not that he was ahead of his time: it would be better said that the later scholars(advocating rationality)were backward.He was a thinking fellow, and his ideas did not spring up in his tranquil study, but while on horseback. He went on long rides and came back
22、 with ideas. He was never a dogmatist: he was a skeptic with charm, a fallible * , personal, introspective writer, and, primarily, someone who, in the great classical tradition, wanted to be a man.* fallible: able to make mistakes7 Translate the following passage into ChineseWrite your translation o
23、n the ANSWER SHEET(中山大学 2011 研，考试科目：基础英语)The period of Chinese scientific activity did not begin until the first years of the Republic. The older reformers only introduced a book knowledge of the sciences, without fully understanding their intellectual significance, without adequate equipment for la
24、boratory work, and without adequately trained leaders to organize the studies and researches. Most of the textbooks on science were translated by men who admired science most sincerely but who had only a very superficial book knowledge of the subjects in the Japanese schools, and never did real labo
25、ratory work or undertook field expeditions. The schools were beginning to have classroom experiments in physics and chemistry, and botanical and zoological specimens: but they were as bookish as the textbooks, and were useless for the training of scientific workers.8 Translate the following passage
26、into ChineseWrite your translation on the ANSWER SHEET(中山大学 2010 研，考试科目：基础英语)Although art historians have spent decades demystifying Van Goghs legend, they have done little to diminish his vast popularity. Auction prices still soar, visitors overpopulate Van Gogh exhibitions, and The Starry Night re
27、mains ubiquitous on dormitory and kitchen walls. So complete is Van Goghs global apotheosis that Japanese tourists now make pilgrimages to Auvers to sprinkle their relatives ashes on his grave. What accounts for the endless appeal of the Van Gogh myth? It has at least two deep and powerful sources.
28、At the most primitive level, it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy disguised as the story of heroic sacrifice to art. Anyone who has ever felt isolated and unappreciated can identify with Van Gogh and hope not only for a spectacular redemption but also to put critics and doub
29、ting relatives to shame. At the same time, the myth offers an alluringly simplistic conception of great art as the product, not of particular historical circumstances and the artists painstaking calculations, but of the naive and spontaneous outpourings of a mad, holy fool.* ubiquitous: existing or
30、found everywhere* apotheosis: the raising of a person to the highest possible honour and glory9 Translate the following passage into Chinese( 广东外语外贸大学 2010 研，考试科目：英语写作与翻译)The relationship that science keeps with art has long been from one-sided wish. That is, while science is in deep love with art,
31、art requites this love by being arrogant and unapproachable. Many renowned scientists love art all their lives. They know art, and are very good at getting fulfillment from art to enhance their noble spirit or to help relieve themselves from burdens of life. On the contrary, few of literary artists
32、love and understand natural science and engineering technology. Among the reasons why artists stand in awe before science or keep a respectful distance from science, one is that science involves a huge stack of abstruse mathematical formulas. However, leaving aside mathematics and bypassing a stack
33、of recondite knowledge, we are still able to understand and appreciate the basic principles of a science. It is just like we are still able to give a sympathetic response to its main melody, greatly admiring the music although we can read nothing of the score of Mozarts musical pieces.10 Translate t
34、he following passage into Chinese( 广东外语外贸大学 2009 研，考试科目：英语写作与翻译)Modernization and economic development neither require nor produce cultural westernization. To the contrary, they promote resurgence of, and renewed commitment to, indigenous cultures. At the individual level, the movement of people int
35、o unfamiliar cities, social settings, and occupations breaks their traditional bonds, generates feelings of alienation, and creates crises of identity to which religion frequently provides an answer. At the societal level, modernization enhances the economic wealth and military power of the country
36、as a whole and encourages people to have confidence in their heritage and to become culturally assertive.As a result, many non-Western societies have seen a return to indigenous cultures. It often takes a religious form, and the global revival of religion is a direct consequence of modernization. In
37、 non-Western societies this revival almost necessarily assumes an anti-Western cast, in some cases rejecting Western culture because it is Christian and subversive, in others because it is secular and degenerate. The return to the indigenous is most marked in Muslim and Asian societies.11 Translate
38、the following two passages into ChineseEvery time I sit down to write, and let my mind go easy, the words, it is so dark, or something to do with darkness. Terror. The terror of this city. Fear of being alone. Only one thing stops me from jumping up and screaming or running to the telephone to ring
39、somebody, it is to deliberately think myself back into that hot light.white light, light, closed eyes, the red light hot on the eyeballs. The rough pulsing heat of a granite boulder. My palm flat on it, moving over the lichens. The grain of the lichens. Tiny, like minute animals ears, a warm rough s
40、ilk on my palm, dragging insistently at the pores of my skin. And hot. The smell of the sun on hot rock. Dry and hot, and the silk of dust on my cheek, smelling of sun. The sun. Letters from the agent about the novel. Every time one of them arrives I want to laughthe laughter of disgust. Bad laughte
41、r, the laughter of helplessness, a self-punishment. Unreal letters, when I think of a slope of hot pored granite, my cheeks against hot rock, the red light on my eyelids. Lunch with the agent. Unrealthe novel is more and more a sort of creature with its own life. Frontiers of War now has nothing to
42、do with me, it is a property of other people.12 God did not create the universe and the “Big Bang“ was an inevitable consequence of the laws of physics, the eminent British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking argues in a new book.“Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will c
43、reate itself from nothing. Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing, why the universe exists, why we exist, “ Hawking writes.“It is not necessary to invoke God to light the blue touch paper and set the universe going. “Hawking, 68, who won global recognition with his
44、 1988 book A Brief History of Time, an account of the origins of the universe, is renowned for his work on black holes, cosmology and quantum gravity.Since 1974, the scientist has worked on marrying the two cornerstones of modem physicsAlbert Einsteins General Theory of Relativity, which concerns gr
45、avity and large-scale phenomena, and quantum theory, which covers subatomic particles.13 Translate the following two passages into Chinese(厦门大学 2012 年研，考试科目：写作与英汉互译)The researchers found that these simulated Milky Ways were mostly green valley galaxies, suggesting that the real Milky Way is in this
46、transitional state too, the team reports in a paper to appear in the Astrophysical Journal.Past outbursts from the massive black hole at the Milky Ways centre may be to blame for this mid-life crisis. Radiation “burps“ produced after matter fell into the black hole could have heated and expelled gas
47、 from the galaxy.And there may be a brief burst of star formation in 5 billion years, when the Milky Way is expected to merge with Andromeda, a nearby spiral galaxy whose properties also indicate it is a green valley galaxy, the team says.The merger may send residual gas towards the centre of the me
48、rged object, triggering a short stellar baby boom before the galaxy settles into old age, says team member Darren Croton, also at Swinburne. The spiral discs of both galaxies will be destroyed in the collision, he says: “ The violence of the merger will cement our place as a red and dead elliptical
49、galaxy. “In case this sounds depressing, he notes that red elliptical galaxies are not completely devoid of activity. “Many of them continue to lead very interesting lives in their retirement, “ he says, pointing to a nearby elliptical called M87 that has spectacular jets streaming from its central black hole.14 Equal and exact justice to all men, .a jealous care of the right of election by the people.: absolute acquiescence in the decisions of the majority, the vital principle of republics, from which is no appeal but to force, the vital principle and immedi
