1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 24 及答案与解析一、翻译1 霸王条款2 暗箱操作3 爱心工程4 国家科技进步奖5 在职博士生6 大病统筹7 论资排辈8 亚太新兴市场国家快速发展，直接改变了许多国家和地区的落后面貌，改善了亿万人民生活，为缩小发展差距、减少贫困人口、实现联合国千年发展目标做出重要贡献。亚太新兴市场国家积极参与国际经贸合作，供应大量能源和原材料，为其他国家发展提供了充足资源；出口物美价廉的工业制成品，为各国提供了丰富多样的商品；进口大量商品和服务，为世界经济增长提供了市场和动力；吸纳巨额外资，为国际资本流动提供了重要目的地。国际社会应该同亚太新兴市场国家一道努力，通过广
2、泛的沟通与合作来抓住机遇，挖掘潜力促进各国共同发展繁荣。9 Please translate the following Chinese into English推进政府自身建设，提高驾驭经济社会发展全局的能力过去一年，政府自身改革和建设取得了新的成绩，但与人民的期待仍有不小差距。政府职能转变还不到位，行政效率有待提高，形式主义、官僚主义比较突出，腐败现象在一些地方、部门和领域比较严重。这些问题必须下大气力解决。要紧紧围绕保增长、保民生、保稳定这个大局，加强政府自身建设。坚持依法行政。规范行政行为，做到合法行政、合理行政、程序正当、高效便民、诚实守信、权责统一，深入贯彻行政许可法，继续推进行政
3、审批制度改革，减少行政许可和审批事项，特别要减少投资审批、项目核准，落实企业的投资主体地位。促进公平竞争，消除地区封锁，打破行业垄断，组织调动各种社会资源，促进经济增长。通过全面正确履行政府职能，创造良好发展环境，增强企业投资的信心，增强社会消费的信心，增强人民群众对国家发展的信心。实行科学民主决策。各项决策都要做到程序依法规范、过程民主公开、结果科学公平。政府重大决策的形成和执行都要加强调查研究，做到察民情、听民意、聚民智，尊重客观规律，提高决策的预见性、科学性和有效性。要推进政务公开，增加透明度，保障人民群众的知情权、参与权、表达权、监督权，让人民群众知道政府在想什么、做什么，赢得人民群众
4、的充分理解、广泛支持和积极参与。今年政府投资力度大、新上项目多，要确保监管到位，绝不能搞劳民伤财的“形象工程” 和脱离实际的“政绩工程 ”，绝不允许利用扩大公共投资为单位和个人谋取私利。各级政府都要自觉接受人大监督和政协民主监督，强化监察、审计等专门监督，高度重视人民群众监督和新闻舆论监督，做到行政权力运行到哪里，监督就落实到哪里，财政资金运用到哪里，审计就跟进到哪里。切实转变工作作风。各级政府要坚定地贯彻中央的决策部署，紧密结合实际，创造性地开展工作，使中央的各项政策落到实处，收到实效。领导干部要深入调查研究，及时发现问题，解决问题；密切联系群众，关心群众疾苦，倾听群众呼声，为群众排忧解难。
5、政府工作人员要始终保持昂扬向上、奋发有为的精神状态，和广大人民群众一道知难而进，开拓进取，艰苦奋斗，共克时艰。加强廉政建设和反腐败工作。以规范制度和制约权力为核心，针对腐败现象易发多发的领域和环节，从源头上防治腐败。坚决查处腐败案件，依法惩处腐败分子。我们一定要勤勉尽责，以实际行动和工作业绩，建设为民、务实、廉洁、高效的政府，让人民放心，让人民满意。10 Translate the following paragraph into English(北京理工大学 2002 研，考试科目：基础英语)在中国，人们对一切艺术的艺术，即生活的艺术，懂得很多。一个较为年轻的文明国家可能会致力于进步；然而，
6、一个古老的文明国度，在人生的历程上见多识广，她所感兴趣的自然是如何过好生活。就中国而言，由于有了中国的人文主义精神，把人当作一切事物的中心，把人类幸福当作知识的终结，于是，强调生活的艺术就是更为自然的事了。但即使没有人文主义，一个古老的文明也一定会有自己的价值尺度，只有这样，它才会知道什么是“持久的生活乐趣” 。任何一个民族，如果它不知道如何享受生活，那么，在我们的眼里，这个民族一定是粗野的，不文明的。11 Put the following short passage into English(中国石油大学 2006 研，考试科目：综合英语)德莱塞(Dreiser)充满自然主义色彩的处女作嘉
7、莉妹妹1917 年在美国问世时，颇遭诋毁。但是德莱塞始终坚持自己的艺术信念。他认为，人们都渴求爱情和权势，生来就有权势的人只是些例外，绝大多数人都落人生活陷阱；同时他认为，美国的道德与生活准则歪曲了真实的人性，传统小说同样如此。12 Put the following short passage into English对于一名女子来说，传统美是她的唯一标志。她的皮肤应天生丽质，没有皱纹，没有疤痕，没有瑕疵。她的身材应该消瘦苗条，通常高挑个，双腿修长，其中青春年少则是首要的条件。所有在电视广告中出现的“花容月貌” 般的靓女均都是符合这个标准。这种形象是人为的，即也是可以人为塑造的。许多妇女尽其
8、所能来摆布和修改自己的容貌体态。13 CHINESE TO ENGLISH( 北京邮电大学 2008 研，考试科目：英语语言基础)我们下了车，每人牵着一个孩子，我跟在卡罗琳(Carolyn)的后面上了小路。然后，在小路拐角处转了个弯。我气喘吁吁地抬眼望去，眼前是一片欣欣向荣的景象：似乎是什么人拿了一大桶金子倾倒在山顶和山坡上；深橙色、白色、粉色、淡黄色和油黄色的花蜿蜒盘旋着，像大丝带，十分壮观。颜色各异的花分组种植，舞动着，就像一条条流动着的小河，别具特色。五英亩的花啊!“是谁种的这些花啊 ?”我问卡罗琳。“一个女人， ”卡罗琳说， “她住在这个花园里，那是她的家。”卡罗琳指向一座在那一片繁荣
9、中隐藏得很好的 A 字形房子，它看起来小巧而质朴。我们向房子走去。在庭院里，我们看到一个牌子，上面写着“你要的答案在这里”。14 CHINESE TO ENGLISH湖泊奇妙无比。苍鹭(Heron)在岸边缓缓漫步，翠鸟 (Kingfisher)和杜鹃欢叫着从阳光里飞入树荫，火鸡模样的大鸟在枯枝间忙碌，鹰在头上盘旋。我们毋庸为时间担忧，可以从容地欣赏周围的一切。我乘坐的独木舟船头坐着个男孩，他用简陋的弹弓(sling)发射石弹击打飞鸟。他摆出漂亮的架势瞄准飞鸟，却一次又一次地偏离目标；鸟总是飞出他的射程。他把弹弓塞回衬衣内。我移开目光。湖水与河水都如热带雨林中的树叶那样乳浊；那水是面纱，是窗帘，
10、是画屏。15 In this part，you are asked to translate the following paragraph into EnglishWrite your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(中国矿业大学 2009 研，考试科目：基础英语)经济体制改革和政治体制改革要有新的突破，这就必须解放思想。解放思想需要勇气、决心和献身精神。要推进社会的公平、正义。如果说真理是思想体系的首要价值，那么公平、正义就是社会主义国家制度的首要价值。公平、正义就是要尊重每一个人，维护每一个人的合法权益，在自由平等的条件下，为每一个人创造全面发展的机会。如果说发展经
11、济、改善民生是政府的天职，那么推动社会公平正义就是政府的良心。要加强社会主义精神文明建设。如果我们的国家有比黄金还要贵重的诚信、有比大海还要宽广的包容、有比高山还要崇高的道德、有比爱自己还要宽广的博爱，那么我们这个国家就是一个具有精神文明和道德力量的国家。16 进入 21 世纪，世界形势继续发生深刻变化，多极化与经济全球化在曲折中深入发展，科技进步突飞猛进，人类社会前进的步伐加快，新情况、新矛盾层出不穷。维护世界和平、促进共同发展是各国人民的共同使命。国际社会在探索与实践中，更加深刻地认识到，应该站在时代发展和人类进步的高度，以合作谋和平，以合作促进发展，努力增大各国利益的汇合点，寻求互利共赢
12、。中国的和平发展道路是一条在维护世界和平中发展自己、又以自身发展促进世界和平的道路；就是要以科学发展观为指导，实现全面、协调和可持续发展、努力构建社会主义和谐社会。17 经济全球化的形成和发展，有着深刻的原因。经济全球化反映了生产力发展的内在要求。技术进步和经济发展水平的提高，客观上要求分工的深化与市场规模的扩张。这一要求推动着生产从国内区域间分工向国际分工发展，销售从国内市场向国际市场扩张。同时跨国性投资、生产与贸易活动的大量增加，必然要求国际金融市场的快速发展。然而，既可能带来巨大的国际分工利益，又蕴含着风险。在经济全球化进程中能否趋利避害，关键在于要有一个既能充分发挥比较优势、又能防范和
13、控制风险的开放战略。因此，我们要加快改革，进一步提高对外开放水平，迎接经济全球化带来的新机遇与新挑战。18 Translate From Chinese to English( 中国传媒大学 2012 研，考试科目：基础英语)社会主义与民主、法制不是相悖离的。民主、法制、自由、人权、平等、博爱等等，这不是资本主义所特有的，这是全世界在漫长的历史过程中共同形成的文明成果，也是人类共同追求的价值观。世界上有 2，000 多个民族，200 多个国家和地区，他们的社会历史文化不同，他们的发展水平不同，实现民主的形式和途径也是不相同的。这种文化的多样性是不以人们的意志为转移的。社会主义民主归根结底是让人
14、民当家作主，这就需要保障人民的民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督的权利；就是要创造一种条件，让人民监督和批评政府；就是要在平等、公正和自由的环境下，让每一个人都得到全面的发展；就是要充分发挥人的创造精神和独立思维的能力；就是要实行依法治国，完善法制，建设法治国家。我们的社会主义建设，包括社会主义民主政治建设，经验都还不足。我们愿意实行开放政策，学习世界上一切先进的文明成果，结合我们自己的实际，走中国式的民主道路。社会主义由不成熟到成熟、由不完善到完善、由不发达到比较发达，还需要一个很长的过程。19 C-E Translation( 上海交通大学 2007 研，考试科目：英语水平考试)我们已
15、经习惯了这样认识母亲：她是为我们而存在的，是属于我们的，属于父亲，婆婆，哥哥，我，以及我们的下一代。小的时候，我们习惯了母亲在灯下捏着针线，为我们缝补衣服，下班回来给我们带好吃的，去学校为我们开家长会，柔声细语地抚慰我们，擦去我们的泪水。“文革” 中父亲的突然死亡，使我们看见了一个孤单无助的母亲，那是因为她把头埋在了自己的臂弯里，浑身颤抖，从那下面传出陌生的无力的抽泣声。那一刻她没有理睬我们惊恐的呼唤。那一刻，她是暂离我们而远去了，去到她一个人的世界。可不久她又回来了。为我们去单位蹲牛棚，扫厕所。真的，的确是为了我们，我当时是这样对她说的妈妈，为了我们，你要活下去，我以为这句话能够让她不死。当
16、时才十几岁的我，已模糊地认定母亲是不会舍下我们的，我们，就是她活在世上的全部理由。母亲果然没有随父亲而去。天长日久，我们习惯了她的憔悴、操劳，她对脾气乖戾的祖母(她的婆婆)的全力侍奉和忍让，对小孩们慈爱温和的笑。在我们心目中，这就是母亲的形象：一个终身的孝媳，贤妻，良母。现在，我们身边和心里有了巨大的阙失。母亲把自己整个儿带走了，而我们仍在。母亲自身即是一个整体。这是我们从前很少想到的。20 Translate the following passage from Chinese into EnglishWrite your English version on the answer shee
17、t( 上海交通大学 2006 研，考试科目：英语水平考试)我冒了严寒，回到相隔二千余里，别了二十余年的故乡去，时候既然是深冬；渐近故乡时，天气又阴晦了，冷风吹进船舱中，从篷隙向外一望，在苍黄的天底下，远近横着几个萧索的荒村，没有一点活气，我的心禁不住悲凉起来了。啊!这不是我二十年来时记得的故乡?我所记得的故乡全不如此。我的故乡好多了。但要我记起他的美丽，说出他的佳处来，却没有影像，没有言辞了。仿佛也就是如此。于是我自己解释说：故乡本也如此，虽然没有进步，也未必有如我所感的悲凉，这只是我自己心情的改变罢了，因为我这次回乡，本没有什么好心情。我这次是专为了别他而来的。我们多年聚族而居的老屋，已经共
18、同卖给别姓了，交屋的期限，只在本年，所以必须赶在正月初一以前，永别了熟识的老屋，而且远离了熟识的故乡，搬到我在谋食的异地去。摘自鲁迅英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 24 答案与解析一、翻译1 【正确答案】 inequality clause2 【正确答案】 black case work3 【正确答案】 loving Care Project4 【正确答案】 National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology5 【正确答案】 on-job doctorate6 【正确答案】 comprehensive arrangement f
19、or serious disease7 【正确答案】 by way of seniority8 【正确答案】 The rapid development of Asia-Pacific emerging markets has changed the state of backwardness in many countries and regions, and improved the life of hundreds of millions of people. It has made significant contribution to narrow the development g
20、aps, reduce poverty and attain the UN Millennium Development Goals. Asia-Pacific emerging markets take an active part in international business cooperation. By supplying a huge amount of energy and raw materials, they provide sufficient resources for the development of other countries. By exporting
21、high yet inexpensive manufactured products, they offer a variety of goods to other countries. By importing a large quantity of commodities and service, they provide stimulus and market for the development of global economic growth. By drawing vast foreign investment, they become important destinatio
22、ns for international capital flow. The international community should work with the Asia-Pacific emerging countries to seize the opportunity by means of extensive communication and cooperation, tap the potential and promote the common development and prosperity of all countries.9 【正确答案】 To Further G
23、overnment Self-improvement, Improve Ability of Managing Overall Economic and Social DevelopmentDuring the past year, new achievements have been made in reforming the government and intensifying its self-improvement , yet still far away from expectations of people. Transformation of government functi
24、ons is not in place, and administrative efficiency needs to be improved. Formalism and bureaucracy are still conspicuous. Corruption remains a serious problem in some localities, departments and areas. Great efforts should be made to solve all these problems. We should focus our attention on the ove
25、rall objectives of sustaining economic growth, guaranteeing peoples well-being and ensuring social stability, and intensify the self-improvement of the government.We will adhere to the principles of running the government in accordance with the law. We will standardize government management: ensure
26、that our administration is based on laws and reason, , executed through proper procedures , highly efficient and convenient for the public, honest and trustworthy, and with power and responsibility combined. We will thoroughly implement the Administrative Permit Law, proceed with the reform of the a
27、dministrative examination and approval system, cut back on the number of covered items, especially investment examination and approval and project approval, and guarantee that enterprises make their own investment decisions. We will promote the fair competition, break the regional blockade and indus
28、try monopolies, organize and mobilize all social resources to promote economic growth. Government departments should execute functions properly and fully establish a good development environment. By doing so, it will enhance confidences of enterprises in investment, of individual in consumption and
29、of people in development of the country.We will make decisions in a scientific and democratic way. In all decisions we make, the procedures should comply with laws and be standard, the process should be democratic and open, and the results we get should be scientific and equitable. In forming and im
30、plementing major government policies and decisions, we should conduct research and studies, understand peoples worries, solicit their opinions, pool their wisdom, act in accordance with objective laws to ensure our policies and decisions adopted more foresighted, scientific and effective. We should
31、make it a more open and transparent government. We will ensure the peoples right, namely, the right to know, to participate in, to express opinions, and to supervise government administration, and keep them informed on what the government is thinking and doing, so that we can get full understanding,
32、 wide support and active involvement from them. The government is pouring a huge sum of money and starting numerous new projects this year, and we will ensure the money and projects receive proper supervision. Such so-called “ prestige projects“ that waste money and manpower and “vanity projects“ th
33、at are divorced from reality will be prohibited. Organization or individual to exploit the surge in public spending for private gain would not be tolerated. Governments at all levels must conscientiously subject themselves to the oversight by the Peoples Congress and the CPPCC. We will tighten profe
34、ssional oversight by supervision and auditing departments and give weight to oversight by the public and the news media. We will try to ensure that oversight is carried out wherever power is exercised and that government money will be audited wherever they are spent.We will earnestly improve our con
35、duct. Local governments should thoroughly carry out the decisions and arrangements of the central government: link up with reality, and work creatively to ensure all policies are implemented fully and effectively. Leading government officials need to conduct thorough research and studies to promptly
36、 detect and solve problems, maintain close relationship with the people, show concern for their sufferings, listen to their views, and help them solve their difficulties. Government staffs need to always maintain high morale, embody a vigorous spirit to work with the people to meet challenges head o
37、n, open up new situation through hard work and pass hard times together.We will further our efforts to build clean government and fight against corruption. We will concentrate on standardizing institutions and restricting the power. We must focus on corruption prevention and punishment at its source
38、 in areas and links prone to corruption. We will take a hard stance when it comes to investigating and prosecuting corruption cases and punish the corrupted in accordance with the law. We must discharge our duties with great diligence and, through our concrete performances and achievements, establis
39、h a government that is for our people and is pragmatic , clean and efficient to meet peoples needs and win their hearts and minds.10 【正确答案】 In China, people know much about the art of all arts, namely, the art of life. A comparatively young civilized country will dedicate to the progress: however, a
40、n ancient civilized country is experienced and knowledgeable in the life road, and naturally she is interested in how to lead a good life. As to China, it is much more natural to emphasize the art of life because of the humanism spirit of China, taking people as the center of everything and making h
41、uman beings happiness as the end of knowledge. Even if there is no humanism, an ancient civilization would also have its own value standard, and only in this way would it know what the “lasting life pleasure“ is. Any nation, if it does not know how to enjoy life, must be barbaric and uncivilized in
42、our eyes.11 【正确答案】 Dreisers first novel Sister Carrie which fully featured of naturalism color publicized in America in 1917, was scolded very much. But Dreiser held on to his artistic faith consistently. He thought that people were all craving for love and power, and the people who were born with p
43、ower were exceptional, and most of the people all fell into the life trap: at the same time, he regarded that Americas morality and life principles had distorted the true human nature, so had the traditional novels.12 【正确答案】 To a woman, the traditional beauty is her only mark. Her skin should be bor
44、n smooth without wrinkles, scars or flaws. Her body should be slim and thin, and usually she is tall with long legs. The youth is the primary condition. All of the beauties who have showed up in the TV commercials are fit for that criterion. This image is artificial and can be made by people. Many w
45、omen do their best to decorate and modify their looks and figures.13 【正确答案】 We got off the car, each took a childs hand. I followed Carolyn down the path and then made a turn at the path corner. I gasped and looked up. There was a thriving view before me: it looked like someone had taken a big bucke
46、t of gold and poured over the mountain peak and the slope: the flowers were planted in majestic, swirling patterns, great ribbons and swaths of deep orange, white, pink, light yellow and oil yellow. The flowers with various colors were grouped to plant, just like running rivers dancing with their ow
47、n features. Flowers of five acres!“Who planted these flowers?“I asked Carolyn.“ A woman, “ Carolyn said, “ she lives in this garden and that is her home. “Carolyn pointed to a well-hidden A-shaped house in that sight of prosperity. It was small and exquisite, simple and unadorned. We walked to that
48、house. In the courtyard we saw a board and it wrote “ The answer you want is here“.14 【正确答案】 This lake was amazing and wonderful. Herons were plodding along the shores, Kingfishers and cuckoos were clattering to fly from the sunlight to the shade of trees, big turkey-like birds were fussing in dead
49、branches, and hawks hovered above us. There was all the time in the world. And we could appreciate everything surrounding by leisurely. The boy in the bow of my canoe slapped stones at birds with a simple sling, a rubber thong and leather pad. He aimed brilliantly at moving targets, missed again and again: the birds were out of his range. He stuffed his sling back in his shirt. Then I looked away.The lake and river waters were as opaque as rainforest leaves: the water was veil, curtain and screen.15 【正确答案】 We need to make new breakthrough in the reform of polit
