1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 27 及答案与解析一、翻译1 Translate the following passage into English(南京大学 2009 研，考试科目：基础英语)孙子兵法是中国古代最伟大的军事理论著作，也是中国古籍在世界上影响最为广泛的著作之一。它所阐述的谋略思想和哲学思想，被广泛地运用于军事、政治、经济等各个领域。孙子兵法的作者孙武总结春秋时期的战争经验，揭示了一系列带有普遍性的军事规律，提出一套完整的军事理论体系。孙子兵法共十三篇，每篇一个主题。比如，谋攻篇讲述如何进攻敌国。孙武主张以尽可能小的代价，取得最大的成功，力求不战而胜。他指出：用兵的上
2、策首先是以政治谋略取胜，其次使用外交手段，再次是使用武力，下策才是攻城。2 Translate the following into English(东南大学 2004 研，考试科目：英美文学与翻译)平则门外，有一道护城河。河道虽比不上朝阳门外的运河那么宽，但春秋雨霁，绿水粼粼，也尽够浮着锦帆，乘风南下。两岸垂杨古道，倒影入河水中间，也大有板诸隋堤的风味。河边隙地，长成一片绿芜，晚来时候，老有闲人在那里调鹰放马。太阳将落未落之际，站在这城河中间的渡船上，往北望去，看得出西直门的城楼，似烟似雾的，融化成金碧的颜色，飘扬在两岸垂杨夹着的河水高头。春秋佳节，向晚的时候，你若一个人上城河边上来走走。她
3、像是有看后期印象派的风景画，几乎能使你忘记是身在红尘十丈的北京城外。西山数不尽的诸峰，又如笑如眠，带着紫苍的暮色，静躺在绿荫起伏的春野西边，你若叫它一声，好像是这些远山，都能慢慢地走上你身边来的样子。3 他板着脸进了家门，走到客厅脱了鞋，换拖鞋，接着挨个解衬衣扣子，一声不吭，横眼瞧着摊手摊脚地坐在沙发上的老头子，然后猛地脱下衬衣，穿着小背心去卫生间，拧开水龙头，哗哗地洗，片刻，拿着大毛巾回到客厅用力地擦，继续用眼瞧着老头子。4 Translation from Chinese into English(南京师范大学 2010 研，考试科目：翻译硕士)学习之于心灵，就像食物之于身体一样。摄取了适
4、量的营养食物，我们的身体得以生长而肌肉得以发达。同样地，我们应该日复一日不断地学习以保持我们敏锐的心智能力，并扩充我们的智力容量。不断的学习提供我们用不尽的燃料，来驱使我们磨利我们的推理、分析和判断的能力。持续的学习是在信息时代中跟时代并驾齐驱的最稳当的方法，也是在变动的世代中成功的可靠保证。5 汉译英。(南京师范大学 2008 研，考试科目：基础英语)劳动的家庭是有规律有组织的。我的祖父是一个中国标本式的农民，到八九十岁还非耕田不可，不耕田就会害病，直到临死前不久还在地里劳动。祖母是家庭的组织者，一切生产事务由她管理分派。每年除夕，分派好一年的工作以后，天还没亮，母亲就第一个起身烧火做饭去了
5、，接着听见祖父起来的声音，接着大家都离开床铺，喂猪的喂猪，砍柴的砍柴，挑水的挑水。母亲在家庭里极能够任劳任怨，她的和蔼的性格使她从没有打骂过我们一次，而且也没有和任何人吵过架。因此，虽在这样的大家庭里，长幼叔伯妯娌相处都很和睦。母亲同情贫苦的人这是她朴素的阶级意识虽然自己不富裕，还周济和照顾比自己更穷的亲戚。她自己是很节省的。父亲有时吸点旱烟，喝点酒，母亲管束着我们，不允许我们沾染上一点。母亲那种劳动简朴的习惯，母亲那种宽厚仁慈的态度，至今还在我心中留有深刻的印象。6 Translate the following into English(南京师范大学 2007 研，考试科目：基础英语)前辈
6、的学者常以学问的趣味启迪后生，因为他们自己实在是得到了学问的趣味，故不惜现身说法，诱导后学，使他们也在愉快的心情之下走进学问的大门。例如，梁任公先生就说过：“ 我是个主张趣味主义的人，倘若用化学划分梁启超这件东西，把里头所含一种元素名叫趣味的抽出来，只怕所剩下的仅有个零了。”任公先生注重趣味，学问甚是渊博，而并不存有任何外在的动机，只是“无所为而为” ，故能有他那样的成就。一个人在学问上果能感觉到趣味，有时真会像是着了魔一般，真能废寝忘食，真能不知老之将至，苦苦钻研，锲而不舍，在学问上焉能不有收获?不过我常想，以任公先生而论，他后期的著述如历史研究法，先秦政治思想史，以及有关墨子佛学陶渊明的作
7、品，都可说是他的一点“趣味” 在驱使着他，可是他在年青的时候，从师受业，诵读典籍，那时节也全然是趣味么?作八股文，作试帖诗，莫非也是趣味么? 我想未必。大概趣味云云，是指年长之后自动作学问之时而言，在年青时候为学问打根底之际恐怕不能过分重视趣味。学问没有根底，趣味也很难滋生。任公先生的学问之所以那样的博大精深，涉笔成趣，左右逢源，不能不说的一大部分得力于他的学问根底之打得坚固。7 Translate the following into English(南京航空航天大学 2007 研，考试科目：翻译与写作)人们常常因为同爱一本书而结为知己，就像有时两个人因为敬慕同一个人而交为朋友一样。古谚说：
8、“ 爱屋及乌 ”。但是，“爱我及书”这句话却有更深的哲理。书是更为坚实而高尚的情谊纽带。人们可以通过共同爱好的作家沟通思想感情，彼此息息相通。8 细娃盼过年，大人盼开春。儿时，对于大人的盼是不能理解的，但过年，对我来说，可是一年的大盼头了。过年，不但好玩，且有肉吃。那气氛是迷人的。年一过，又盼日子快些流，好流来又一个春节。在盼中，日子真的流得飞快，转眼上了小学，继而中学，然后高中，最后大学；盼的欲望更加强烈，盼的内容也越渐丰富了：盼有好成绩毕业，盼有一份好工作，盼事业有成，盼挣钱替父母分忧，盼有一个好爱人不知不觉，天天踩着盼的石阶而上，自己竟成了一个大男人，一个挣钱养家糊口的忙碌人了。9 Tr
9、anslate the following passage(南京理工大学 2008 研，考试科目：翻译与写作)尽管古人把书说成是“ 浩如烟海 ”，书的世界却真正的 “天涯若比邻”，这话绝不是唯心的比拟。世界再大也没有阻隔。佛说“三千大千世界” ，可算大极了。书的境地呢，“现在界 ”还加上“过去界”，也带上“未来界” ，实在是包罗万象，贯通三界。而我们却可以足不出户，在这里随意阅历，随时拜师求教。谁说读书人目光短浅，不通人情，不关心世事呢!这里可得到丰富的经历，可认识各时各地、多种多样的人。经常在书里“ 串门儿” ，至少可以脱去几分愚昧，多长几个心眼儿吧?可惜我们“ 串门” 时“隐”而犹存的“身
10、” ，毕竟只是凡胎俗骨。我们没有如来佛的慧眼，把人世间几千年积累的智慧一览无余，只好时刻记住庄子“生也有涯而知也无涯”的名言。我们只是朝生暮死的虫豸(还不是孙大圣毫毛变成的虫儿 )，钻入书中世界，这边爬爬，那边停停，有时遇到心仪的人，听到惬意的话，或者对心上悬挂的问题偶有所得，就好比开了心窍，乐以忘言。这个“乐” 和“追求享受”该不是一回事吧?10 Translate the following sentences into English( 南京农业大学 2007 研，考试科目：英汉互译)全世界工业化日益发展，这就不可避免地使自然资源日趋枯竭。虽然很难计算出一个准确的数字，但可以肯定地说二十
11、年后需水量大约要增加一倍。11 科学家富于好奇心，总想发现宇宙如何运动，宇宙为什么会运动。我们这里讨论的问题涉及基础科学和应用科学两个方面。12 正是在平等互利、互通有无的基础上，我们发展了同各国的贸易。我们相信，通过我们的共同努力，我们之间的贸易能够发展。13 早期的电影是无声的，你既听不到演员的对话，也听不到动作所发出的声音。14 子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”15 原来我的讲义已经从头到末，都用红色铅笔添改过了，不但增加了许多脱漏的地方，连文法的错误也都一一订正。16 今天，人类拥有空前大量的信息、工具和资源，科学的发展已进入信息时代、核能时代、太空时代和
12、生命科学时代。17 长期以来，人们从未把他当作一回事。可是当他在国外受到外国人的赞扬并被留下来在大学任教时，他原来的同事才对他刮目相看。18 Translate the following paragraphs into English(南京农业大学 2007 研，考试科目：英汉互译)学校教育给我们的好处不但只是灌输知识，最大的好处恐怕还在给予我们交友的机会上。这好处我到了离学校以后才知道，这几年来更确切地体会到，深悔当时毫不自觉，马马虎虎地过去了。近来每日早晚在路上见到三三两两的携着书包、携了手或挽了肩膀走着的青年学生，我总艳羡他们有朋友之乐，暗暗地要在心中替他们祝福。19 不言而喻，人与自
13、然的矛盾是人类生存与发展的基本矛盾，人与自然灾害的关系正是这对矛盾最突出的表现形式。要减轻自然灾害所造成的损失，必须把社会经济发展与资源环境协调起来。实际上，减轻自然灾害已经成为实现持续发展的迫切任务之一。20 有人说过，路本没有，因为走的人多了，便成了一条路。又有人说路是有的，正因为有了路才有许多人走。谁是谁非，我不想判断。我还年轻，我还要活下去，我还要征服生活。我知道生活的激流是不会停止的，且看它把我载到什么地方?英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 27 答案与解析一、翻译1 【正确答案】 The Art of War is the greatest work of military
14、 theory in ancient China, and also one of the most influential Chinese ancient books in the world. It elaborates on strategic and philosophic thinking which have been applied widely to various fields, such as military, politics, economy, etc. Its author, Sun Wu, summed up the experience of wars in t
15、he Spring and Autumn Period, showing a series of universal laws of military. At last, he put forward an integrated system of military theory. The book is divided into thirteen chapters, and each chapter has a topic. For example, the chapter titled The Strategic Attack tells us how to attack enemies.
16、 Sun Wu advocated that we should achieve the biggest success at a possibly minimum cost, and even sometimes made it without war. He pointed out that there were four ways to win a war:the best was political strategy, the second diplomacy, the third force, and the worst attacking a city.2 【正确答案】 Outsi
17、de the Pingze Men is a moat, though it is less wide than the canal outside Chaoyang Men, yet the water can not only shimmer under the sunlight after showers in spring or autumn, but also can float boats toward south with fair wind. The willows and the ancient path along the both sides, with their in
18、verted reflection in the river, present, to some extent, the style of Dike of Sui Dynasty. The open space on the riverside lies waste: late in the day, people are seen training eagles or herding horses there. Shortly before the sun is to set, standing on the ferryboat on the moat and looking northwa
19、rd, you may be able to catch the sight of the city gate tower at Xizhi Men, which is misty and then melt into blue green, high above the river between the willows on the banks. Right before the nightfall on a fine day in spring or autumn, if you walk alone along the moat, it would be like a landscap
20、e painting of post impressionism, which almost makes you forget you are just a few feet away from the world of Beijing city. The countless peaks of Western Hills, smiling or sleeping, are lying quietly on the west side of the deep green field. You cannot help believing that these mountains far away
21、would walk to your side slowly if you call them.3 【正确答案】 With a straight face, he came back home, took off the shoes in the living room, took on the slippers and then undid the shirt buttons one by one, without saying a word. Staring at the old man sitting stretched out on the sofa, all of a sudden,
22、 he took off his shirt, went to the bathroom with only a vest on, turned on the tap and washed with big noise of water flowing. After a while, he came out back to the living room with a big towel, wiping hard, and continued staring at the old man.4 【正确答案】 Learning is to the mind what food is to the
23、body. Our bodies grow stronger and our muscles develop with the proper intake of nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day so as to maintain our keen mental strength and enlarge our intellectual capacity. Continuous learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to s
24、harpen our ability to reason, analyze and judge. Learning constantly is the most sound way to keep pace with the times in the information era, and the reliable warrant of success in times of uncertainty.5 【正确答案】 A laboring family is often regular and organized. My grandfather is a typical Chinese fa
25、rmer, who, in his eighties and nineties would feel sick if not allowed to work in the field, and he was still working in the field shortly before his death. My grandmother was the organizer of the family, being In charge of arranging and distributing tasks. At every New Years Eve before dawn, after
26、my grandmother assigned the tasks of the next year, my mother would be the first one to get down to work. Then my grandfather got up. Then all others followed and began their work, feeding the pigs, cutting firewood, or carrying water. My mother is a woman who is hardworking and can stand the strain
27、 of labor and complaint. She is good tempered and had neither scolded or beaten us nor quarreled with anyone. Therefore, members of the big family all got along well. My mother took pity on the poorher simple class consciousnessand, though not well off herself, she tried to help and took care of the
28、 poorer relatives. Whats more, she was rather frugal. My father sometimes smoked or drank alcohol, but my mother made sure that we had been far away from smoking or drinking. At the bottom of my heart, I am still deeply impressed by her habit of hardworking and frugality as well as her kindness and
29、compassion.6 【正确答案】 Scholars of the older generation often tried to enlighten the youth with the interest of learning. Thats because they have indeed tasted the pleasure of learning. Thats why they did not hesitate to take themselves as an example to advise the youth to the entrance of knowledge hap
30、pily. For instance, Mr. Liang Rengong(Liang Qichao)once said, “I am for interest-oriented way of learning. Say if we tried to analyze Liang Qichao chemically and to extract the element named interest out of him, we would end up getting nothing. “ Mr. Liang, a learned person, attached great importanc
31、e to interest. His achievement could be attributed to his practice of “ doing for nothing“ instead of any external motivation. If one can really feel the interest of learning, sometimes he will be so crazy and absorbed as to forget food and sleep and the insidious approach of old age, doing research
32、 earnestly and with great perseverance, then there is little chance for him not to harvest. Nevertheless, it often occurs to be that in terms of Mr. Liang, his later writings on historical approaches, the world of thought in ancient China and those on the works of Mohism, Buddhism and Tao Yuan-ming
33、were probably all driven by the interest. But when it comes to his youth, was it also interest that encouraged him to learn from teachers and read the classical works? Was writing eight-part essay and composing poems for imperial exams driven out of interest, too? I do not think so. The so-called in
34、terest, I believe, is largely applied to the time when one grows up and learns to study willingly. Youth, however, is the time to lay foundation for learning, when too much importance should not be attached to interest. Without solid foundation, interest will be hard to come out. There is no denying
35、 the fact that Mr. Liang owes mostly to his solid foundation for learning for his extensive knowledge and talent in writing.7 【正确答案】 More often than not people become bosom friends owing to the mutual love for the same book, just as two persons sometimes become friends for the common admiration for
36、the same person. As the old saying goes, “ Love me, love my dog. “But there is more wisdom in this: “Love me, love my book“. The book is a truer and higher bond of union of friendship. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author.8 【正确答案】 Little children look for
37、ward to the arrival of Spring Festival, while adults long for the approach of spring. When I was a child, I could not understand the longing of adults. Yet to me, Spring Festival is the biggest hope of the whole year, because Spring Festival is fun and I can have meat. The atmosphere of it is fascin
38、ating. Once Spring Festival passed, I would wish days to elapse faster so that another Spring Festival would be at hand.Days in expectation flow really very fast. In a blink of an eye, I finished primary school, went to junior and senior middle school, and finally to college. As the desire becomes s
39、tronger, things desired become plentiful:graduation with good grades, a good job, successful career, earning money to share responsibilities with parents, a worthy lover. Unconsciously, while climbing up the stone steps of expectation, I have already become a man, a busy breadwinner of the family.9
40、【正确答案】 Although people in ancient times used to describe the books as vast as the ocean, the world of books truly eliminates the physical distance and makes the end of the world as near as the neighborhood. This is no idealistic analogy. No matter how huge the world is, the barrier is removed by boo
41、ks. The Budda sees the universe as worlds of the trichiliocosm, which is extremely enormous. Then what about the world of books? “The present realm“ , “ the past realm“and“the future realm“embrace everything in each of the three realms, within which we can manage to travel back and forth with great
42、ease and learn from those masters at anytime we want, while staying at home. Who said that bookmen are shortsighted, cold-blooded and indifferent to affairs of the society? In fact, in the world of books, we can enrich ourselves and get acquainted with all kinds of people of different times and plac
43、es. Those who visit the world of books frequently can at least get rid of some ignorance and gain a certain degree of wisdom.It is a pity that our physical body, invisible as we visit the world of books, is after all confined to this world.Without the insight of Buddha, who takes in all the human wi
44、sdom accumulated over thousands of years at one glance, we have to keep in mind what Zhuang Zi has said, “Life-span is finite while knowledge is infinite. “ We are but insects with a fleeting lifetime(not even the insects the Monkey King turned into with his hairs), crawling our way into the world o
45、f books, pausing hither and thither, becoming speechless with exultation when we accidentally bump into a much-admired person or hear a few soothing words or occasionally find an answer to a pending question. I wonder if this sense of “joy“ can be called “indulgence in pleasure“.10 【正确答案】 It is inev
46、itable that the increasing development of the world industrialization will gradually exhaust natural resources. Although it is hard to calculate an exact figure, it is safe to say that the demand for water will double twenty years later.11 【正确答案】 Out of curiosity, scientists make all efforts to find
47、 out how the universe moves and why it moves. Here what we are about to discuss involves with two aspects, basic science and applied science.12 【正确答案】 We have established trade relations with many countries on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and exchange of needed goods. Therefore, we are conf
48、ident that we can develop our trade relations through our joint efforts.13 【正确答案】 Movies in early days were silent: you can neither hear the talk between actors nor hear the sounds of actions.14 【正确答案】 The master says, “Among any three people walking together, there must be someone better than me in
49、 some area. Their good qualities are to be followed, and their shortcomings are to be avoided. “15 【正确答案】 It turned out that my teaching material was all corrected with red pencil from the beginning to the end. Things left out were added and even grammatical mistakes in it were carefully corrected.16 【正确答案】 Nowadays, human beings possess information, tools and resources of unprecedented amount, since science has entered the era of information, nuclear power, space and life science.17 【正确答案】 He hadnt been taken seriously for a long time. His former colleagues didnt
