1、英语专业（基础英语）模拟试卷 12 及答案与解析一、句子改错1 The population of Zhengzhou is fewer than Beijing.2 We must study hard in order to serve for the people better in the future.3 Ive heard him but I never know him.4 Being Sunday today, we dont have to work.5 My brother has turned an engineer for two years.6 The recorde
2、r needs be repaired before it can be used.7 He enjoyed nothing but listen to music.二、翻译8 let ones heart rule ones head9 To win in New York is to be uneasy; to lose is to live in jostling proximity to the frustrated majority.三、选择题10 Since Mary is my best friend, it is difficult for me to be_about her
3、 talent.（A）objective（B） single-minded（C） overwhelmed（D）subjective11 National poverty was_by rapid population growth.（A）strengthened（B） reinforced（C） aggravated（D）reduced12 He has read, widely but seldom thought deeply so his apparent learning is really quite_.（A）superfluous（B） supercilious（C） superf
4、icial（D）supernatural13 In this small village, he found few persons_to him and felt quite lonely.（A）congenital（B） contentious（C） congenial（D）concurrent14 Generous public funding of basic science would_considerable benefits for the countrys health, wealth and security.（A）result from（B） settle down（C）
5、lie in（D）lead to15 The scheme for rebuilding the city center_, owing to the refusal of a Council to sanction the expenditure of the money it would have required.（A）fell down（B） fell off（C） fell out（D）fell flat16 The chairman of the board_on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm c
6、an no longer afford to employ.（A）compelled（B） posed（C） pressed（D）tempted17 The salon was the most elegant room Madeline had ever seen, despite its_.（A）annotation（B） parlance（C） elegance（D）austerity18 The slender boy_the wall like a lizard.（A）allayed（B） fluked（C） plastered（D）scaled19 There is no evid
7、ence that properly cooked poultry or eggs can be_.（A）a source of infection（B） poisonous to life（C） located as harmful（D）determined contagious四、选词填空19 Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.(10 points) This is the BBC news: European car manufacturers【K1】_(warn)that they face heavy fines if
8、 they fail to cut down on emissions from exhausts. The APEC meeting【K2】_(end)in Sydney with the 21 member nations,【K3】_(call)for those responsible for the deadlock in the world trade talks to get serious about breaking down barriers, and talk moneyman talk to us about the current concerns besetting
9、the financial markets. European car manufacturers【K4】_(face)heavy fines if they fail to meet new restrictions on emissions from automobile exhausts. The warning【K5】_(come)from the European environment commissioner, Stavera Stimas who in a newspaper interview【K6】_ (dismiss)complaints from manufacture
10、rs that proposed targets for emissions【K7】_(be)unrealistic. Legislation to cut the amount of CO2 from cars by a quarter over the next 5 years【K8】_(be) discussed by the European Union next year. Car makers【K9】_(ask)for an extra 3 years to make the changes. The Frankfurt Motor Show opens on Monday and
11、 I asked Al Bedwell of J.D. Power Automotive Forecasting whether we【K10】_(see)more hybrid electric and petrol driven motors there.20 【K1】21 【K2】22 【K3】23 【K4】24 【K5】25 【K6】26 【K7】27 【K8】28 【K9】29 【K10】29 Complete the passage with words from the box below. Among the 20 words given, only 15 should be
12、used. Make sure the words come in correct forms in terms of both grammar and meaning.(15 points)ecome block considerate cross explode for gesture good help nice on proper recognize reduce relieve subject understand veteran violent waveIt is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and
13、 the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads【X1】_horrible. Everybody knows that the【X2】_men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again to have a tiger in the bank, but to have one in the drivers seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the rude and【X3】_driv
14、er, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls【X4】_a “Be kind to Other Drivers“ campaign; otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered d
15、rivers to resist the temptation to revenge when【X5】 _to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards【X6】_the tensions of driving. A friendly nod or a【X7】_of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and toler
16、ance so necessary in modem traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are al too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem to【X8 】_politeness when they see it.However,【 X9】_politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes【X10】_to allow a car to eme
17、rge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra 【X11】_into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road whe
18、rever and whenever they want to.A【X12】_driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it【X13 】_if motorists learnt to filter into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total【X14】_that give rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modem motorists cant even learn to drive, let alone be well-manner
19、ed on the road. Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership【X15】_would demand a lot more give-and -take from all road users. It is high time for us to take this message to heart.30 【X1】31 【X2】32 【X3】33 【X4】34 【X5】35 【X6】36 【X7】37 【X8】38 【X9】39 【X10】40 【X11】41 【X12】42 【X13】43 【X14】44 【X15】
20、44 Complete the passage by choosing the best sentence for each gap. There are more sentences given than necessary.(15 points)Imagine being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitel
21、y wrong with you, you wouldnt be too happy about it, to say the least.【 T1】_【T2】_Stuffing childrens heads full of knowledge is far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of educations is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult soc
22、iety is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.【T3】_-Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live togethe
23、r from their earliest years. They are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life.What a practical advantage it is(to give just a small example)to be a
24、ble to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl or vice-versa.【 T4】_But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it enco
25、urages. Boys dont grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures-airy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings. Girls dont grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There are no goddesses
26、 with freckles, pig-tails, piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no romantic heroes with knobby knees, dirty finger-nails and unkempt hair. The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.【T5】_When the time comes for t
27、he pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults. They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women. A. Co-education is the integrated education of men and women. Before co-education became predominant, mo
28、st important institutions of higher education restricted their enrollment to men. Women were educated in all-female schools, if at all.B. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a co-educational school, everything falls i
29、nto its proper place.C. It is all the more surprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their children-conditions which they themselves wouldnt put up with for one minute!D. A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true versio
30、n of society in miniature.E. Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education.F. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educational system.
31、G. Many people think that the simple fact of having boys and girls in the same group gives added value in term of education. However this is not always true. Having boys and girls in the same group is not sufficient in itself. If you want to educate young people successfully, you need to have precis
32、e educational aims, or objectives, and appropriate methods to achieve them. Educating boys and girls means helping them to grow and acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes in order to take their place in adult society.45 【T1】46 【T2】47 【T3】48 【T4】49 【T5】50 What is the main idea of the essay?51 Accord
33、ing to the passage, why co-educational school is better than segregated schools?五、阅读理解51 Read the passage and then mark your answers.(6 points)Historians have only recently begun to note the increase in demand for luxury goods and services that took place in eighteenth-century England. McKendrick ha
34、s explored the Wedgwood firms remarkable success in marketing luxury pottery; Plumb has written about the proliferation of provincial theaters, musical festivals, and childrens toys and books. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: who were the con
35、sumers? What were their motives? And what were the effects of the new demand for luxuries?An answer to the first of these has been difficult to obtain. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers
36、 wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what. We still need to know how large this consumer market was and how far down the social scale the consumer demand for luxury goods penetrated. With regard to this last que
37、stion, we might note in passing that Thompson, while rightly restoring laboring people to the stage of eighteenth-century English history, has probably exaggerated the opposition of these people to the inroads of capitalist consumerism in general: for example, laboring people in eighteenth-century E
38、ngland readily shifted from home-brewed beer to standardized beer produced by huge, heavily capitalized urban breweries.To answer the question of why consumers became so eager to buy, some historians have pointed to the ability of manufacturers to advertise in a relatively uncensored press. This, ho
39、wever, hardly seems a sufficient answer. McKendrick favors a Veblen model of conspicuous consumption stimulated by competition for status. The “middling sort“ bought goods and services because they wanted to follow fashions set by the rich. Again, we may wonder whether this explanation is sufficient
40、. Do not people enjoy buying things as a form of self-gratification? If so, consumerism could be seen as a product of the rise of new concepts of individualism and materialism, but not necessarily of the frenzy for conspicuous competition.Finally, what were the consequences of this consumer demand f
41、or luxuries? McKendrick claims that it goes a long way toward explaining the coming of the Industrial Revolution. But does it? What, for example, does the production of high-quality pottery and toys have to do with the development of iron manufacture of textile mills? It is perfectly possible to hav
42、e the psychology and reality of a consumer society without a heavy industrial sector.That future exploration of these key questions is undoubtedly necessary should not, however, diminish the force of the conclusion of recent studies: the insatiable demand in eighteenth-century England for frivolous
43、as well as useful goods and services for shadows our world.52 Which of the following items, if preserved from eighteenth-century England, would provide an example of the kind of documents mentioned in lines underlined?（A）A written agreement between a supplier of raw materials and a supplier of luxur
44、y goods（B） A diary that mention luxury goods and services purchased by its author（C） A theater ticket stamped with the date and name of a particular pay（D）A payroll record from a company that produced luxury goods such as pottery53 According to the passage, eighteenth century England and the contemp
45、orary world of the passages readers are（A）dissimilar in the extent to which luxury consumerism could be said to be widespread among the social classes（B） dissimilar in their definitions of luxury goods and services（C） similar in their strong demand for a variety of goods and services.（D）similar in t
46、he extent to which a middle class could be identified as imitating the habits of a wealthier class54 It can be inferred from the passage that the author would most probably agree with which of the following statements about the relationship between the Industrial Revolution and the demand for luxury
47、 goods and services in eighteenth-century England?（A）The growing demand for luxury goods and services was a major factor in the coming of the Industrial Revolution.（B） The Industrial Revolution exploited the already existing demand for luxury goods and services.（C） Although the demand for luxury goo
48、ds may have helped bring about the Industrial Revolution, the demand for luxury services did not.（D）There in no reason to believe that the Industrial revolution was directly driven by a growing demand for luxury goods and services.55 In the first paragraph, why does the author mention McKendrick and
49、 Plumb?56 In the third paragraph, what is the author primarily concerned with?57 According to the passage, what has a Veblen model of conspicuous consumption been used to?六、汉译英58 我喜欢冬天的阳光，在迷茫的晨雾中展开。我喜欢那份宁静淡远，我喜欢那没有喧哗的光和热。我喜欢在春风中踏过窄窄的山径，草莓像个精致的红灯笼，一路殷勤地张结着。我喜欢抬头看树梢尖尖的小芽儿，极嫩的黄绿色里透着一派天真的粉红。我喜欢夏日的永昼，我喜欢在多风的黄昏独坐在傍山的阳台上。小山谷里稻浪推涌，美好的稻香翻腾着。慢慢地，绚丽的云霞被浣净了，柔和的晚星一一就位。我喜欢看秋风里满山的茫。在山坡上，在水边上，自得那样凄凉，美而孤独。我
