1、英语专业（基础英语）模拟试卷 7 及答案与解析一、阅读理解0 Please read the following passages and choose A, B, C or D to best complete the statements about them.A new pecking orderFOR years leaders in continental Europe have been told by the Americans, the British and even this newspaper that their economies are sclerotic, ove
2、rregulated and too state-dominated, and that to prosper in true Anglo-Saxon style they need a dose of free-market reform. But the global economic meltdown has given them the satisfying triple whammy of exposing the risks in deregulation, giving the state a more important role and(best of all)laying
3、low les Anglo-Saxons.At the April G20 summit in London, Frances Nicolas Sarkozy and Germanys Angela Merkel stood shoulder-to-shoulder to insist pointedly that this recession was not of their making. Ms Merkel has never been a particular fan of Wall Street. But the rhetorical lead has been grabbed by
4、 Mr Sarkozy. The man who once wanted to make Paris more like London now declares laissez-faire a broken system. Jean-Baptiste Colbert once again reigns in Paris. Rather than challenge dirigisme, the British and Americans are busy following it: Gordon Brown is ushering in new financial rules and high
5、er taxes, and Barack Obama is suggesting that America could copy some things from France, to the consternation of his more conservative countrymen. Indeed, a new European pecking order has emerged, with statist France on top, corporatist Germany in the middle and poor old liberal Britain floored.It
6、is easy to dismiss this as political opportunism. But behind it sits a big debate not only about the direction of the European Union, the worlds biggest economic unit, but also about what sort of economy works best in the modern world. Thirty years after Thatcherism began to work its cruel magic in
7、Britain, continental Europe still tends to favour a larger state, higher taxes, heavier regulation of product and labour markets and a more generous social safety-net than freer-market sorts like the Iron Lady would tolerate. So what is the evidence for the continental model being better?The contine
8、ntal countries certainly have not escaped the recession: France may be doing a bit better than the worlds other big rich economies this year, but Germany, dragged down by its exporting industries, is doing significantly worse. Yet Mr Obama is right to admit that in some ways continental Europe has c
9、oped well. Tough job-protection laws have slowed the rise in unemployment. Generous welfare states have protected those who are always the first to suffer in a downturn from an immediate sharp drop in their incomes and acted as part of the “automatic stabilisers“ that expand budget deficits when con
10、sumer spending shrinks. In Britain, and to an even greater extent in America, people have felt more exposed.The downturn has also confirmed that the continental model has some strengths. France has a comparatively efficient public sector, thanks in part to years,of investment in better roads, more h
11、igh-speed trains, nuclear energy and even the restoration of old cathedrals. Nor is it just a matter of pumping in ever more taxpayers cash. By any measure Frances health system delivers better value for money than Americas costlier one. Germany has not just looked after its public finances more pru
12、dently than others; its export-driven model has forced its companies to hold down costs, making them competitive not only in Europe but also globally. By design as well as luck, much of continental Europe avoided the debt-fuelled housing bubbles that popped spectacularly in Britain and AmericaBut wi
13、ll it last? The strengths that have made parts of continental Europe relatively resilient in recession could quickly emerge as weaknesses in a recovery. For there is a price to pay for more security and greater job protection: a slowness to adjust and innovate that means, in the long run, less growt
14、h. The rules against firing that stave off sharp rises in unemployment may mean that fewer jobs are created in new industries. Those generous welfare states that preserve peoples incomes tend to blunt incentives to take new work. That large state, which helps to sustain demand in hard times, becomes
15、 a drag on dynamic new firms when growth resumes. The latest forecasts are that the United States and Britain could rebound from recession faster than most of continental Europe.Individual countries have specific failings of their own. Even if it did everything else right, Germanys overreliance on e
16、xports at the expense of consumer spending has proved a grave weakness in a downturn; its banks also look weak. The rate of youth unemployment in France is over 20% and it can be twice as high in the notorious banlieues where Muslim populations are concentrated. Italy and Spain have seen sharp rises
17、 in unit labour costs and their labour-productivity growth has stalled or gone into reverse. It may not be long before the fickle Mr Sarkozy is re-reading his Adam Smith.The truth is that the governments on both sides of the intellectual divide could go a long way to making their models work better,
18、 without changing their underlying beliefs. On the continental side, there is nothing especially socially cohesive about labour laws that favour insiders over outsiders, or rules that make the costs of starting a business excessive. Even Colbert might admit that Europes tax burdens are too onerous t
19、oday, particularly since they are likely to have to rise in the future to meet the looming cost of the continents rapidly ageing populations.For the liberals, even if the cycle swings back in their direction, the financial crisis and the recession have shown up defects in the way they too implemente
20、d their model. Getting regulation right matters as much as freeing up markets; an efficient public sector may count as much as an efficient private one; public investment in transport, schools and health care, done well, can pay dividends. The pecking order may change, but pragmatism and efficiency
21、will always count.1 Which of the following statements is TRUE?（A）America and The Continental Europe share the similar opinion on economic policy.（B） Britain and The Continental Europe share the similar opinion on economic policy.（C） Britain and America share the similar opinion on economic policy.（D
22、）They all share the similar opinion on economic policy.2 What does the term “laissez-faire“ refers to?（A）Self-regulating marketing system.（B） Government intervened marketing system.（C） Communism.（D）Gold standard system.3 Which of the following economic opinions is not similar to the others?（A）The st
23、atist.（B） The corporatist.（C） The Thatcherism.（D）The dirigisme.4 The following cases can be described as the evidence for the continental model being better, EXCEPT_.（A）Mr Obama admits that in some ways continental Europe has coped well（B） tough job-protection laws have slowed the rise in unemployme
24、nt（C） generous welfare states protected those who are always the first to suffer in a downturn（D）France has a comparatively efficient public sector5 Why dose the author say that “It may not be long before the fickle Mr Sarkozy is re-reading his Adam Smith.“?（A）Adam Smith is Mr. Sarkozys Favorite wri
25、ter.（B） Mr. Sarkozy always re-reads his book.（C） Adam Smiths book is currently not available for Mr. Sarkozy.（D）None of the above.6 Which of following statements can best describe the main idea?（A）The economic crisis symbolized an end to the free-market economy.（B） state-dominated economy works best
26、 in the world now.（C） Anglo-Saxon styled free market economy works best in the world now.（D）There has been a change in Europes balance of economic power; but dont expect it to last for long.7 The authors tone in the passage can be best described as_.（A）subjective（B） objective（C） indifference（D）skept
27、ical7 There wont be bloodWESTMINSTER loves the language of gore. People talk of “back-stabbings“ and “assassins“; of electoral “massacres“; of paths to power “littered with corpses“ and of “bloodbaths“ if the powerful are crossed. In this sanguinary lexicon MPs are accounted “brave“ and “heroic“ for
28、 drafting a motion that calls for a parliamentary official to resign, or for writing newspaper articles that are codedly critical of their leaders.They arent. It is brave to attend a protest rally in Burma. It is brave to be an independent journalist in Russia, It is brave to be a human-rights monit
29、or in Syria. In Britain heads roll or are impaled on spikes only metaphorically. Only ink actually gets spilt: there will not be blood. The costs of sticking out a neck are pifflingly low. Ordinary Britons might well wonder why in these febrile times so few politicians, whether commanders or foot so
30、ldiers, are willing to make a stand.Consider the three imbroglios that have paralysed politics. First, the fate of the soon to be ex-speaker, Michael Martin. On May 11th he rebuked two MPs who said things he didnt like; attempting, on May 18th, to cling to his canopied chair, he seemed mumblingly ig
31、norant of the procedures he is supposed to oversee. After his failings on MPs expenses, it was painfully clear that he had to go. And on May 19th Mr Martin announced that he would. Yet only 23 MPs were “brave“ enough to sign the “no confidence“ motion that exhorted him to.In fact, some of the reason
32、s offered by those who backed the speaker had merit. Mr Martin did not force those implicated in the expenses debacle to submit dodgy claims. Why should he be sacrificed to camouflage the guilt of others?Quite so: others should plainly go too. Some MPs worked the expenses system too disreputably to
33、keep their seats or, in some cases, their ministerial jobs or places on the Conservative front bench. Hazel Blears, the communities secretary, who wrote a belated cheque for the amount of capital-gains tax she didnt pay when selling what was once, for expenses purposes, her “second home“, is not the
34、 only cabinet member in this category. Those top Tories who made lucrative second-home claims on properties in spitting distance of their first homes are similarly bespattered.Yet, so far, a pair of the most disgraced Labour MPs have been suspended by their parliamentary party and one disposable jun
35、ior minister has stepped down; on the Tory side, David Cameron jettisoned an aide, and a few backbenchers who made baronial expenses claims have said they will not stand again. Some have apologised and, like Ms Blears, brandished penitential cheques. But otherwise Gordon Brown and Mr Cameron have hi
36、dden behind scrutiny panels and regulatory reformsclassic bureaucratic responses to an essentially moral problem. Mr Brown vowed to prevent anyone who had “defied the rules“ from seeking re-election, and called the antics of Ms Blears and others “unacceptable“. But neither he nor Mr Cameron has empl
37、oyed the obvious remedy: to sack the egregious offenders and urge specific deselections, or impose them on reluctant constituencies if necessary. And although some activists are calling for a cull, few MPs, even among the clean ones, have joined them.So to the final intriguethe revived murmurs among
38、 Labour MPs about ditching Mr Brown himself. Before he became prime minister in 2007, few raised a squeal of protest; since then, some have been grumbling almost constantly. The arguments for and against installing another leader voiced during last summers aborted mutiny are again doing the rounds.
39、Again MPs lament Mr Browns charmlessness and Labours likely electoral rout. Again they meekly look to the cabinet to lead a coup.8 Which of the following questions does the author of the passage intend to answer?（A）At a time of crisis, why are Britains politicians so spineless and paralyzed?（B） What
40、 kinds of imbroglios have paralyzed politics?（C） Is Gordon Brown qualified for a competent Prime minister?（D）Is MPs responsible for the containing of crisis?9 According to the author all the following actions are brave EXCEPT_.（A）to attend a protest rally in Burma（B） to be an independent journalist
41、in Russia（C） to be a human-rights monitor in Syria（D）to use the bloody language10 According to the author why some MPs should leave?（A）They act too disreputable.（B） They didnt camouflage themselves enough.（C） They are not brave.（D）They are wrong about the Mr, Michael Martin.11 What does the author m
42、ean by “dodgy claims“?（A）An official statement about canine.（B） The official statement on their retirement.（C） Excuses for their unlawful expenditures.（D）The excuse to protect them from political persecution.12 What is the author most likely to consider in the following paragraphs?（A）Mr. Browns elec
43、tion as the Prime minister.（B） A time to re-organize the British Parliament.（C） A brave Congress.（D）A financial scandal.二、判断题12 Read the following passage carefully and then decide whether the statements which follow are true(T)or false(F)or not given(NG).HIGHS sometimes it is subtle and sophisticat
44、ed. Communication scholars James W. Carey says that advertising is persuasive - and thus acts as a form of social control - mainly by providing information【K1】_A General Tire commercial that features babies, for example, talks about the durability of the tire and its role in keeping the family safe.
45、Much advertising, however, has little to do with direct information or rational appeals. 【K2】_ Research in 1992 on Americans favorite commercials indicated that those with fantasy scenes, such as the ads for the California Raisins or Kibbles n Bits dog food, are more popular than those featuring cel
46、ebrities. Economic historian David Potter maintains, “Advertising appeals primarily to the desires, the wants - cultivated or natural - of the individual, and it sometimes offers as its goal a power to command the envy of others by outstripping them in the consumption of goods and services.“ If this
47、 is true, advertising may try to get you to buy a product not because of its advantages or because of your existing needs, but because of a need or desire that the advertisement itself tries to create.Potters analysis has much merit. 【K3】_Some ads have traded on prestige; others have used fear. Some
48、 have promised glamour and the good life. Some have embraced fantasy, and others have been firmly fixed in reality. To make these appeals, advertisers associate products, verbally or visually, with other images, symbols, and values that are likely to attract consumers. For example, advertising for t
49、he auto rental firm Avis appealed to the love for the underdog when it promised, “We try harder.“ Historically, another kind of dog - the trustworthy family dog - was used by RCA Victor, an early manufacturer of the record player that advertised its Victrola with the slogan “His Masters Voice“ and a picture of a dog listening to recorded music. The starched but debonair look of “the man in the Arrow Shirt“ provides a model for the well-dressed man. Elegant, tastefully designed advertisements for Cadillacs convey an imag
