1、专业英语八级模拟试卷 296（无答案）SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. Wh
2、en the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.0 Air pollution exists not only outdoor, but also indoor. It has great effects on people, and there are many me
3、asures taken to correct the problem. Effects of air pollution1)Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways.Some individuals are more 【1】_ to pollutants.- Young children and elderly people suffer more.- People with 【2】_ suffer more.2)The extent of air pollution eff
4、ects on individuals depends on 【3】_ to the damaging chemicals.3)Short-term effects- (4)to the eyes, nose and throat- upper respiratory infections- headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions4)Long-term effects- chronic respiratory disease- lung cancer- heart disease- damage to the brain, nerves, lives
5、 or kidneys. Measure taken to control air pollution1)The first step: assessment- investigate outdoor air pollution- develop standards for measuring the type and 【5】_ of some air pollutants- determine how much exposure to pollutants is 【6 】_ 2)Steps to reduce exposure to air pollution- outdoor air po
6、llutionregulation of man-made pollution through 【7】_ , which is usually done througha variety of 【8】_ that monitor the air and the environmentprevention through regulation, and through personal, careful attention to 【9】_ with the environment- indoor air pollution【10】_ to be reviewed for potential ha
7、rmful, effectsadequate ventilationsmoking to be restricted1 【1】2 【2】3 【3】4 【4】5 【5】6 【6】7 【7】8 【8】9 【9】10 【10】SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At
8、the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.11 The Earth Day Groceries Project _ .（A）was inspired by a friend of Mark s who works at NASA（B） is the name of an online education discussion list（C） was started by a loc
9、al supermarket（D）is an environmental education project 12 How was the Project received when Mark first sent his invitation?（A）Mark received responses from 53 schools.（B） There were about 1,500 bags decorated with one announcement.（C） It was a huge success, which, to a great extent, was due to the po
10、wer of the Internet.（D）R was a hit among the schools but the local supermarket was quite reluctant to offer their bags at first. 13 How did Mark learn the skills he needed to construct his website?（A）He taught himself and learned by doing.（B） He found someone on the discussion lists to teach him.（C）
11、 He found someone good at HTML to help him run the site.（D）He had a teacher of computer help him. 14 Jean is a teacher of _ .（A）computer（B） art（C） mathematics（D）natural sciences 15 Which of the following statements about Jean is NOT true?（A）Her goal was to help them come up with a message and make a
12、 picture that related to the message.（B） She would introduce the lesson by talking about ways that people could improve the environment.（C） She would tell the students to keep their design simple.（D）She found it necessary sometimes to reject a students idea if its not good enough. SECTION C NEWS BRO
13、ADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.16 According to the news, which of the following statements is TURE?（A）Currently still
14、not many Indians have access to high-speed Internet connectivity.（B） Wireless broadband connectivity might be an answer to Indias problem.（C） A majority of Internet users are finding wireless broadband very helpful.（D）An international telecom service provider has already deployed WiMax infrastructur
15、e in 55 Indian cities. 17 What is the advantage of WiMax, according to the news?（A）Its the standard infrastructure in most big cities in the world.（B） A lot of corporate leaders are willing to Invest in this technology.（C） It can skip connections to the Internet by the DS, links and cable modems.（D）
16、The technological problems involved can be solved locally. 18 According to a friend, which of the following is TRUE about Marcheline Bertrand?（A）She was an Oscar winner.（B） She was devoted to hex children.（C） She suffered from depression after she was diagnosed with cancer.（D）She had been on poor te
17、rms with Brad Pitt. 19 Nicolas Sarkozy _.（A）was defeated by his socialist opponent（B） was elected as the new President of France（C） had more than 70 96 of the vote（D）announced after the election that France and the U.S. would share opinions. 20 After the election, Socialist Segolene Royal _.（A）refus
18、ed to make any comments（B） announced she would win in the next President election（C） claimed that there was cheating In the counting of the vote（D）wished the next President the best in his mission 20 It was a day that Michael Eisner would undoubtedly like to forget. Sitting in a Los Angeles witness
19、box for four hours last week, the usually unflappable chairman of the Walt Disney Co. struggled to maintain his composure. Eisner s protg turned nemesis. Jeffrey Katzenberg, his former employee, was seeking $500 million in his breach-of-contract suit against Disney, and Eisner was trying to defend h
20、is-and his company s integrity. At one point Eisner became flustered when Katzenberg s attorney, Bertram Fields, asked if he recalled telling his biographer, Tony Schwartz,“ I think I hate the little midget.“ Later Eisner recalled that the same day, he had received a fax from Katzenberg meant for Fi
21、elds, thanking the lawyer for “managing“ a magazine story that praised Katzenberg at Eisner s expense: “I said to Schwartz, Screw that. If he is going to play this disingenuous game. I simply was not going to pay him his money.“Last week s revelations were the latest twist in a dispute that has ente
22、rtained Hollywood and tarnished Disney s corporate image. The dash began five years ago, when Katzenberg quit Disney after a 10-year reign as studio chief, during which he oversaw production of such animated blockbusters as “The Lion King“. Disney s attorneys said that Katzenberg forfeited his bonus
23、2 percent of profits in perpetuity from all Disney movies, TV shows and stage productions from 1984 to 1994, as well as their sequels and tie-ins-when he left. The company ultimately paid Katzenberg a partial settlement of nearly $117 million, sources say. But talks broke down over how much Disney o
24、wed, and the dispute landed in com.Industry insiders never expected that Disney would push it this far. The last Hollywood accounting dispute that aired in public was Art Buchwalds lawsuit against Paramount for profits he claimed to be owed from the 1988 Eddie Murphy hit “Coming to America“. Paramou
25、nt chose to fight Buchwald in courtonly to wind up paying him $l million after embarrassing revelations about its business practices. After that, studios made a practice of quietly settling such claims. But Disney under Eisner would rather fight that settle. And he and Katzenberg are both proud, com
26、bative types whose business disagreement deepened into personal animus,So far, Disney s imageas well as Eisner shas taken a beating. In his testimony last week Eisner repeatedly responded to questions by saying “I don t recall“ or “I don t know“. Katzenberg, by contrast, offered a stack of notes and
27、 memos that appeared to bolster his claim. (The Disney executive who negotiated Katzenberg s deal, Frank Wells, died in a helicopter crash five years ago.)The trial has also offered a devastating glimpse into the Magic Kingdom s business dealings. Internal documents detail sensitive Disney financial
28、 information. One Hollywood lawyer calls a memo sent to Katzenberg from a former Disney top accountant “a road map to riches“ for writers, directors and producers eager to press cases against Disney. The company declined requests to comment on the case. The next phase of the trial could be even more
29、 embarrassing. As Katzenbergs profit participation is calculated, Eisner will have to argue that his animated treasures are far less valuable than Katzenberg claims. No matter how the judge rules, Disney will look like a loser. 21 At the end of the first paragraph, the pronoun “r in the quoted sente
30、nce “I said to Schwatz, . “refers to _.（A）Eisner（B） Fields（C） Schwatz（D）Katzenberg 22 Katzenberg made a lawsuit against Disney because _.（A）Disney dismissed him before the contract expired（B） Eisner insulted him in a magazine by calling him “the little midget“（C） Disney did not pay him in accordance
31、 with the contract（D）Disney owed him $117 million 23 Hollywood studios now try to avoid sealing disputes with their employees in court because they fear that_.（A）involvement in a lawsuit will tarnish their reputation（B） many of their illegal business practices will be found out by the public（C） lawy
32、ers will overcharge them for such cases（D）their confidential business information will be divulged 24 It is implied in the last paragraph that_.（A）Disney has profited much less than the general public expected（B） Disney has underpaid many of their employees（C） Eisner s animated movies didnt bring as
33、 much money as Katzenberg thinks（D）Disney is undergoing a financial crisis 25 We can infer from this passage that _.（A）Katzenberg will undoubtedly win the lawsuit and get ail the money he claimed（B） Eisner will remain imperturbable all through the trial（C） Katzenberg will suffer great embarrassment（
34、D）Disney will face more lawsuits from their employees 25 Researchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain s physical deterioration.It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental abil
35、ity are different from person to person. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage.“That may seem tike bad news,“ said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in De
36、troit. However, he explained, the Finding suggests that education allows people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the “r
37、eserve“ hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found tha
38、t for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal.“Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage,“ Coffey said. “People lose (on av
39、erage) 2.5 percent decade starting at adulthood.There is, however, a “remarkable range“ of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabet
40、es and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. The more-educated can withstand greater loss.Coffey and collea
41、gues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, the greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education war related to the severity of
42、 brain shrinkage. For each year of education from first grade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.For example, Coffey s team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent t
43、o l0 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling.Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someone s mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be “a proxy for many things“. More-educated people, he noted, are of
44、ten less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health. But Coffey said that his team s findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise. “The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage),“ he said.
45、“My hunch is that we can.“According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles.“A hot topic down the road,“ Coffey sai
46、d, “will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline.“Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to c
47、ompensate for cortical shrinkage.26 According to this passage, all of the following factors could account for brain shrinkage except_.（A）age（B） education（C） health（D）exercise 27 Which of the following statements is true?（A）The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every l0 years.（B） The cerebrospina
48、l fluid of a person with g years of education may have increased by 17.7 millimeters.（C） The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 16 years of education may increase by 10%.（D）The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years. 28 According to Coffey s research, the brain may benefit from _.（A）run
49、ning（B） playing chess（C） swimming（D）playing football. 29 From this passage, we can conclude that _.（A）education is beneficial to mental development（B） education protects the brain from shrinking（C） education has a protective effect against mental decline（D）education affects overall brain structures 29 Roger Rosenblatt s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, succ
