1、国家公共英语（五级）笔试模拟试卷 176（无答案）Part ADirections: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer Questions 1-10 by circling TRUE or FALSE. You will hear the talk ONLY ONCE. You now have 1 minute to read Questions 1-10.1 The recent social and economic changes in the US have great impact on all the American hou
2、sing system.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE2 One out of four married couples have got divorced in America.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE3 The change in family size has affected the size of houses needed.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE4 In many areas of the US, people would rather rent an apartment than buy a house.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE5 People for
3、m cooperatives to spend less money on houses.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE6 People move back to cities because they want to be closer to their offices.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE7 Living underground can help reduce the cost of heating and lighting.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE8 Inflation has made the interest on housing loans 18% highe
4、r than before.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE9 Unemployment in housing industry and depression in housing market result from social and economic changes.（A）TRUE（B） FALSE10 Mobile houses are built in order to lower the cost.（A）TRUE（B） FALSEPart BDirections: You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer
5、 the questions by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear the recording ONLY ONCE.11 Where is population growth happening?（A）In all countries in the world.（B） In only a few countries.（C） In most countries.（D）Mainly in developed countries.12 Which of the following is true according to the talk?（A）There
6、has been a slower population growth in the past ten years.（B） The worlds birth rate is higher than ten years ago.（C） Families are as large as before.（D）Birth control has been carried out well all over the world.13 Why may it happen in the future that people working in Europe will have to pay much hi
7、gher taxes?（A）Because more and more children will be given birth.（B） Because they will earn more money.（C） Because they will have higher living standards.（D）Because the number of retired people will become even larger.14 Which of the following statements about the telephone of the future is NOT true
8、?（A）It will be much more complex than the telephone we use today.（B） It will be more convenient to use than todays telephone.（C） You will be able to dial great distances.（D）There will be no busy lines.15 The screens of televisions of the future will_.（A）become screens of movie theaters（B） become as
9、large as walls in home（C） have no change（D）become smaller16 What will happen to the programs of televisions of the future?（A）All TV sets can receive some programs without paying money in a certain area.（B） You may pay for some special programs if you like.（C） If you are interested in a certain subje
10、ct, you may borrow some video tapes about it.（D）All of the above.17 In which state was Emily Dickson born?（A）Michigan.（B） Ohio.（C） Massachusetts.（D）Washington.18 When did Dickson go to Boston for eye treatment?（A）In 1848.（B） In the early 1850s.（C） In the late 1850s.（D）In the early 1860s.19 How many
11、poems did Dickinson write?（A）Almost 2, 000.（B） Nearly 1,000.（C） 800（D）1,200.0020 What is Dickinson s particular form of self-publication?（A）She ran her own publishing house.（B） She wrote her poems in her letters.（C） She wrote to newspapers regularly.（D）She recorded her poems in her diary.Part CDirec
12、tions: You will hear a talk. As you listen, answer the questions or complete the notes in your test booklet for Questions 21-30 by writing NOT MORE THAN THREE words in the space provided on the right. You will hear the talk TWICE.You now have 1 minute to read Questions 21-30.21 Where did rice origin
13、ate?22 What kind of grain did most Europeans eat 500 years ago?23 What kind of grain could be found in American diet 500 years ago?24 Who gave dairy products to the native Americans?25 In which year did Columbus take chili pepper to Spain?26 How long did it take for chili pepper to become popular ar
14、ound the world?27 Where cant chili pepper grow according to the talk?28 What did Europeans think of potatoes?29 What was potato used for in Europe at first?30 In what part of the world is potato especially a favorite food?一、Section II Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text a
15、nd fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 30 Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards, from【C1】_praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists,【C2】_research the relation【C3】_actions and their consequence
16、s argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain【C4 】_rewards often destroy creativity【C5】_encouraging dependence【C6】_approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially【C7】_ed
17、ucators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks【C8】_in grade-school children, suggesting【C9】_properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness,【C10】_to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know theyre working for a【C11】_and can focus 【C12】_a r
18、elatively challenging task, they show the most creativity“ , says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for【C13 】_performance or creating too【C14】_anticipation for rewards.A teacher【 C15】_continually draws attention to rewards
19、or who hands【 C16】_high grades for ordinary achievement ends up【C17 】_discouraged students, Eisenberger holds.【C18】_an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing【C19】_.In earlier grades, the use of so-called token econ
20、omies, in【C20】_ students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.31 【C1 】32 【C2 】33 【C3 】34 【C4 】35 【C5 】36 【C6 】37 【C7 】38 【C8 】39 【C9 】40 【C10 】41 【C11 】42 【C12 】43 【C13
21、 】44 【C14 】45 【C15 】46 【C16 】47 【C17 】48 【C18 】49 【C19 】50 【C20 】Part ADirections: Read the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 50 Today TV audiences all over the world are accustomed to the sight of American as
22、tronauts in tip-top condition, with fair hair, crew-cuts, good teeth, an uncomplicated sense of humour and a severely limited non-technical vocabulary.What marks out an astronaut from his earthbound fellow human beings is something of a difficult problem. Should you wish to interview him, you must a
23、pply beforehand, and you must be prepared for a longish wait, even if your application meets with success. It is, in any case, out of the question to interview an astronaut about his family life or personal activities, Because all the astronauts have contracts with an American magazine under conditi
24、ons forbidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives.Certain obvious qualities are needed. Anyone who would be a spaceman must be in perfect health, must have powers of concentration(since work inside a spacecraft is exceptionally demanding) and must have considerable courage. Again
25、, space-work calls for dedication. Courage and dedication are particularly essential. In the well-known case of the Challenger seven crew members lost their lives in space because of the faulty equipment in the shuttle. Another must be outstanding scientific expertise. It goes without saying that th
26、ey all have to have professional aeronautical qualifications and experience.A striking feature of the astronauts is their ages. For the younger man, in his twenties, say, space is out. Only one of the fifty men working for NASA in 1970 was under 30. The oldest astronaut to date is Alan Shepard, Amer
27、icas first man in space, who, at nearly fifty, was also the man who captained Apollo 13. The average age is the late thirties. The crew members of Apollo 11 were all born well before the Second World War. In 1986 the Challenger astronauts had an average age of 39 The range was from 35 to 16.In a soc
28、iety where marital continuity is not always exhibited, the astronauts record in this respect hits you in the eye. Of all the married men in NASA group, only two or three are divorced from their wives. Mind you, it is hard to tell whether something in the basic character of an astronaut encourages fi
29、delity or whether the selection process demands that a candidate should be happily married.The NASA astronauts live in unattractive small communities dotted here and there around the base in Texas. You would expect them to find their friends from among their professional associates, But this is not
30、the case. Rather, they prefer to make friends with the normal folk in their districts. Astronauts, like everybody else, must get fed up with talking shop all the time, and whereas they are indeed an elite, their daily life outside work should be as normal as possible, if only for the sake of their f
31、amilies.As for the astronauts political leanings, they seem to be towards the right. This may be due to the fact that a large proportion of the astronauts have a military background. On the other hand, it could be just coincidence.51 Details of the private life of an astronaut are hard to come by, B
32、ecause they are_.（A）his own business and privacy（B） secrets as far as interviews are concerned（C） the property of an American magazine（D）the first-rate national confidential information52 To audience, the typical American astronaut_.（A）has a limited vocabulary（B） is a clean-cut, cheerful and frank g
33、uy（C） cant understand a sophisticated joke（D）is well-built but rather slow-witted53 In politics, astronauts are generally_.（A）democrats（B） republicans（C） conservatives（D）communists54 The phrase “talking shop“ (Line 4, Para. 6) probably means_.（A）talking about shopping（B） discussing ones work with co
34、lleagues（C） exchanging personal news（D）talking with friends in a group55 Which of the statements is NOT true?（A）Astronauts have a good job which demands high.（B） The divorce rate in NASA is very low.（C） The NASA astronauts mostly find friends from among their work.（D）There is no younger man in his t
35、wenties in the spaceship.55 Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws would destroy the fruits of a century-long struggle for the protection of women workers. Even a brief examination of the historic practice of courts and employers would s
36、how that the fruit of such laws has been bitter; they are, in practice more of a curse than a blessing.Sex-defined protective laws have often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning womens needs and abilities, and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating aga
37、inst women. After the Second World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thus making room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily or weekly work hours of women conveniently accompli
38、shed this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hours were a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired, refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of “protecting“ their health. By validating such laws when they are c
39、hallenged by lawsuits, the courts have colluded over the years in establishing different, less advantageous employment terms for women than for men, thus reducing women s competitiveness on the job market. At the same time, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often b
40、een blind to the real needs of women. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans that cover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and childbirth.Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often inef
41、fective at protecting the workers who are actually in the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for women of childbearing years; manufacturers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislat
42、ion protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect whatever on the safety of any actual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cannot be negligible, since chemicals toxic enough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the
43、 human metabolism. Protective laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would benefit all employees without discriminating against any.In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislators should
44、 recognize that women are in the work force to stay, and that their needsgood health care, a decent wage, and a safe workplaceare the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate women s rights for equal protection in employment.56 According to the author, which of the following result
45、ed from the passage or revival of state laws limiting the work hours of women workers?（A）Women workers were compelled to leave their jobs in factories.（B） Many employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans.（C） Many employers found it hard to attract women workers.（D）The health of
46、 most women factory workers improved.57 According to the first paragraph of the passage, the author considers which of the following to be most helpful in determining the value of special protective labor legislation for women?（A）A comparative study of patterns of work-related illnesses in states th
47、at had such laws and in states that did not.（B） An estimate of how many women workers are in favor of such laws.（C） An analysis of the cost to employers of complying with such laws.（D）An examination of the actual effects that such laws have had in the past on women workers.58 The main point of the p
48、assage is that special protective labor laws for women workers are_.（A）unnecessary because most workers are well protected by existing labor laws（B） harmful to the economic interests of women workers while offering them little or no actual protection（C） not worth preserving even though they do repre
49、sent a hardwon legacy of the labor movement（D）controversial because male workers receive less protection than they require59 The author implies that which of the following is characteristic of many employee health insurance plans?（A）They cover all the common medical conditions affecting men, but only some of those affecting women.（B） They lack the special provisions for women workers that proposed special labor laws for women would provide.（C）
