1、2011 年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section A（A）The man is busy.（B） The man has trouble breathing.（C） The man is out of town on business.（D）The man is hiding himself the woman.（A）He has a terrible backache.（B） He has a bad headache.（C） He has a toothache.（D）He has a diarrhea.（A）It is fast.（B） It is slow.（C） It
2、works well.（D）It is not working.（A）Four days.（B） Ten days.（C） One week.（D）Two weeds.（A）He is a lawyer.（B） He is a doctor.（C） He is a travel agent.（D）He is an immigration officer.（A）Sunday.（B） Tuesday.（C） Thursday.（D）Saturday.（A）Two.（B） Three.（C） Four.（D）Five.（A）To X-ray his chest.（B） To hospitalize
3、him.（C） To perform a minor surgery.（D）To transfer their guests.（A）To go shopping.（B） To go back to work.（C） To change their topic.（D）To entertain their guests.（A）The man is working too hard.（B） The man needs to think it over.（C） The man is supposed to find a job.（D）The man has made a right decision.
4、（A）Discussing a case.（B） Defying a diagnosis.（C） Performing a surgery.（D）Talking with the patient.（A）The womans classmate.（B） The womans boyfriend.（C） The womans brother.（D）The womans teacher.（A）The man is a liar.（B） The man is jealous of Lisa.（C） She does not agree with the man on that.（D）She will
5、surely do the same as Lisa dose.（A）250 Yuan.（B） 450 Yuan.（C） 650 Yuan.（D）850 Yuan.（A）She disagrees with the man there.（B） She is going to change her mind.（C） It is out of the question to do that.（D）It is possible to forgive him.二、Section B（A）Liver failure.（B） Breast cancer.（C） Kidney failure.（D）Diab
6、etes out of control.（A）Shape.（B） Color.（C） Price.（D）Size.（A）It is much smaller than a microwave.（B） It leaves much room for reduction.（C） It is widely used in the clinic.（D）It is perfect.（A）It is under a clinical trial.（B） It is available in the market.（C） It is widely used in the clinic.（D）It is in
7、 the experimental stage.（A）The commercial companies have invested a lot in the new machine.（B） The further development of the machine is in financial trouble.（C） The federal government finances the research.（D）The machine will come into being in no time.（A）Suicide.（B） Obesity.（C） Turmoil.（D）Drug abu
8、se.（A）Preventable.（B） Destructive.（C） Treatable.（D）Curable.（A）Combining antidepressants and talk therapy.（B） Promoting the transmission between neurons.（C） Winning parental assistance and support.（D）Administering effective antidepressants.（A）Because it adds to the effect of treatment.（B） Because it
9、works better than the medications.（C） Because it can take the place of antidepressants.（D）Because it helps reduce the use of antidepressants.（A）65percent.（B） 75 percent.（C） 85 percent.（D）95 percent.（A）Helplessness and worthlessness.（B） Feeling like a loser.（C） Suicidal feeling.（D）All of the above.（A
10、）It encourages the patient to be a top student at school.（B） It motivates the patient to work better than others.（C） It makes it easy for the patient to make friends.（D）It helps the patient hold a positive attitude.（A）By encouraging the patient to do the opposite at school.（B） By urging the patient
11、to face any challenge in reality.（C） By making the patient aware of his or her existence.（D）By changing the patients perspective.（A）Those who stop taking antidepressants.（B） Those who ask for more medications.（C） Those who are on the medications.（D）Those who abuse the medications.（A）Anxiousness.（B）
12、Nausea.（C） Fever.（D）Insomnia.三、Section A31 There are many doctors who have endeavored to increase the_of their behavior as medical professionals.（A）transaction（B） transformation（C） transmission（D）transparency32 He seemed most_to my idea which was exceptionally creative.（A）alien（B） ambulant（C） amiabl
13、e（D）amenable33 The first attempts at gene therapy have mostly_, but technique will surely be made to work eventually.（A）stumbled（B） stammered（C） stridden（D）strutted34 She is admitted to the hospital with complaints of upper abdominal pain and_for fatty foods.（A）preference（B） persistence（C） intoleran
14、ce（D）appetence35 By sheer_, I met the old classmate we had been discussing yesterday.（A）coincidence（B） coherence（C） collaboration（D）collocation36 As the drugs began to_, the pain began to take hold again.（A）wear（B） put off（C） call off（D）show off37 The environment surrounding health care has been gre
15、atly altered by the_medical technologies.（A）approaching（B） impracticable（C） sophisticated（D）transient38 At last she_some reasons for his strange behavior.（A）abolished（B） admonished（C） abstained（D）adduced39 Doctore are concerned with health of people from_to the grave.（A）conception（B） reception（C） de
16、ception（D）perception40 In more_examinations, the blood is tested in a multichannel analyzer machine for abnormities.（A）concise（B） devious（C） elaborate（D）feasible四、Section B41 She fell awkwardly and broke her leg.（A）embarrassingly（B） reluctantly（C） clumsily（D）dizzily42 Throughout most of the recorded
17、 history, medicine was anything but scientific.（A）more or less（B） by and large（C） more often than not（D）by no means43 The students were captivated by the way the physician presented the case.（A）illuminated（B） fascinated（C） alienated（D）hallucinated44 We demand some tangible proof of our hard work in
18、the form of statistical data, a product or a financial reward.（A）intelligible（B） infinitive（C） substantial（D）deficient45 But diets that restrict certain food groups or promise unrealistic results are difficultor unhealthyto sustain over time.（A）maintain（B） reserve（C） conceive（D）empower46 The molecul
19、ar influence pervades all the traditional disciplines underlying clinical medicine.（A）specialties（B） principles（C） rationales（D）doctrines47 One usually becomes aware of the onset of puberty through somatic manifestations.（A）juvenile（B） potent（C） physical（D）matured48 His surgical procedure should suc
20、ceed, for it seems quite feasible.（A）rational（B） reciprocal（C） versatile（D）viable49 These are intensely important questions about quality and the benefits of special care and experience.（A）irresistibly（B） vitally（C） potentially（D）intriguingly50 This guide gives you information on the best self-care
21、strategies and the latest medical advances.（A）tends（B） techniques（C） notions（D）breakthroughs五、Part Cloze50 Whenever people go and live in another country they have new experiences and new feelings. They experience culture shock. Many people have a(n) 【C1】 _about culture shock they think that its jus
22、t a feeling of sadness and homesickness when a person is in a new country. But this isnt really true. Culture shock is a completely natural【C2】_. and everybody goes【C3】_it in a new culture.There are four stages, or steps, in culture shock. When people first arrive in a new country theyre usually exc
23、ited and【C4】_Everything is interesting. They notice that a lot of things are【C5】_their own culture and this surprises them and makes them happy. This is Stage OneIn Stage Two people notice how different the new culture is from their own culture. They become confused It seems difficult to do even ver
24、y simple things. They feel【C6】_They spend a lot of time 【C7 】_or with other people from their own country. They think “My problems are all because Im living in this country“Then in Stage Three they begin to understand the new culture better They begin to like some new customs. They【C8】_some people i
25、n the new country. Theyre【C9 】 _comfortable and relaxed.In Stage Four they feel very comfortable. They have good friends in the new culture. They understand the new customs. Some customs are similar to their culture and some are different but thats OK. They can【C10】_it.51 【C1 】（A）account（B） reflecti
26、on（C） verification（D）misconception52 【C2 】（A）transition（B） exchange（C） immigration（D）selection53 【C3 】（A）for（B） through（C） after（D）about54 【C4 】（A）frightened（B） confused（C） uneasy（D）happy55 【C5 】（A）representative of（B） different from（C） peculiar to（D）similar to56 【C6 】（A）intoxicated（B） depressed（C）
27、amazed（D）thrilled57 【C7 】（A）lonely（B） alone（C） lone（D）only58 【C8 】（A）make friends with（B） make transactions with（C） hold hostility to（D）shut the door to59 【C9 】（A）hardly（B） more（C） very（D）less60 【C10 】（A）live with（B） do without（C） hold up with（D）make a success of六、Part Reading Comprehension60 Patien
28、ts can recall what they hear while under general anesthetic even if they dont wake up, concludes a new study.Several studies over the past three decades have reported that people can retain conscious or subconscious memories of thoughts that happened while they were being operated on. But failure by
29、 other researchers to confirm such findings has led skeptics to speculate that the patients who remembered these events might briefly have regained consciousness in the course of operations.Gitta Lubke, Peter Sebel and colleagues at Emory University in Atlanta measured the depth of anesthesia using
30、bispectral analysis, a technique which measures changes in brainwave pattern in the frontal lobes moment by moment during surgery. “Before this study researchers only took an average measurement over the whole operation,“ says Lubke.Lubke studied 96 trauma patients undergoing emergency surgery. Many
31、 of whom were too seriously injured to tolerance full anesthesia. During surgery each patient wore headphones through which a series of 16 words was repeated for 3 minutes each. At the same time bisecteal analysis recorded the depth of anesthesia.After the operation Lubke tested the patients by show
32、ing them the first three letters of a word such as “limit“, and asking them to complete. Patients who had had a word starting with these letters played during surgery “limit“, for example chose that word an average of 11 per cent more often than patients who had been played a different word list. No
33、ne of the patients had any conscious memory of hearing the word lists.Unconscious priming was strongest for words played when patients were most lightly anaesthetized. But it was statistically significant even when patients were fully anaesthetized when the word was played.This finding which will be
34、 published in the journal Anesthesiology could mean that operating theatre staff should be more discreet. “What they say during surgery may distress patient afterwards,“ says Philip Merikle, a psychologist at the University of Waterloo, Ontario.61 Scientists have found that deep anesthesia_.（A）is li
35、kely to affect hearing（B） cannot block surgeonswords（C） can cause serious damages to memory（D）helps retain conscious or subconscious memories62 By the new study the technique of bispectral analysis helps the scientists_.（A）acquire an average measurement of brainwave changes over the whole surgery（B）
36、 decide whether the patient would retain conscious or subconscious memories（C） relate their measurements and recordings to the verbal sounds during surgery（D）assure the depth of anesthesia during surgery63 To test the patients the scientists_.（A）prepared two lists of words（B） used ninety-six headpho
37、nes for listening（C） conducted the whole experiment for three minutes（D）voiced only the first three letters of sixteen words during surgery64 The results from the new study indicate that it was possible for the patients_.（A）to regain consciousness under the knife（B） to tell one word from another aft
38、er surgery（C） to recall what had been heard during surgery（D）to overreact to deep anesthesia in the course of operations65 What we can infer from the finding_.（A）how surgeon malpractice can be prevented（B） why a surgeon cannot be too careful（C） why srgeons should hold their tongues during surgery（D）
39、how the postoperative patients can retain subconscious memories65 Scientists used to believe adult brains did not grow any new neurons, but it has emerged that new neurons can sprout in the brains of adult rats, birds and even humans. Understanding the process could be important, for finding ways to
40、 treat diseases such as Alzheimers in which neurons are destroyed.Most neurons sprouting in adulthood seem to be in the hippocampus, a structure involved in learning and memory. But they rarely survive more than a few weeks. “We thought they were possibly dying because they were deprived of some sor
41、t of input,“ says Elizabeth Gould, a neuroscientist at Princeton. Because of the location, Gould and her colleagues suspect that learning itself might bolster the new neurons survival, and that only tasks involving the hippocampus would do the trick.To test this, they injected adult male rats with a
42、 substance that labeled newborn neurons so that they could be tracked. Later, they gave some of the rats standard tasks. One involved using visual and spatial cues, such as posters on a well, to learn to find a platform hidden under murky water. In another, the rats learnt to associate a noise with
43、a tiny shock half a second later. Both these tasks use the hippocampus if this structure is damaged, rats cant do them.Meanwhile, the researchers gave other rats similar tasks that did not require the hippocampus finding a platform that was easily visible in water, for instance. Other members of the
44、 control group simply paddled in a tub of water or listened to noises.The team reported in Nature Neuroscience that the animals given the tasks that activate the hippocampus kept twice as many of their new neurons alive as the others. “Learning opportunities increase the number of neurons,“ says Gou
45、ld.But Fred Gage and his colleagues at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, dispute this. In the same issue of Nature Neuroscience, they reported that similar water maze experiments on mice did not help new neurons survive.Gould thinks the difference arose because the g
46、roups labeled new neurons at different times. She gave the animals tasks two weeks after the neurons were labeled. When the new cells would normally be dying, she thinks the Salk group put their mice to work too early for new neurons to benefit. “By the time the cells were degenerating, the animals
47、were not learning anything.“ she says.66 Not until recently did scientists find out that _.（A）new neurons could grow in adult brains（B） neurons could be man-made in the laboratory（C） neurons were destroyed in Alzheimers disease（D）humans could produce new neurons as animals67 Goulds notion was that t
48、he short-lived neurons _.（A）did survive longer than expected（B） would die much sooner than expected could（C） could actually better learning and memory（D）could be kept alive by stimulating the hippocampus68 Which of the following can clearly tell the two groups of rats from each other in the test?（A）
49、The water used.（B） The noises played.（C） The neurons newly born.（D）The hippocampus involved.69 Gould theorizes that the Salk groups failure to report the same results was due to_.（A）the timing of labeling new neurons（B） the frequency of stimulation（C） the wrongly labeled neurons（D）the types of learning tasks70 Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?（A）Use It or Lose It.（B） Learn to Survive.（C） To Be or
